定语从句笔记归纳1.docVIP

定语从句笔记归纳That专区定语从句中只能使用that的情况 1.当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。 例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗?2.当先行词为all，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that”。 例：Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。 例：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。4.当先行词是序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。 例：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。5.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。 例：This will be the last chance that he can get. 这将会是他得到的唯一机会。6. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。 例：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。7.当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。 例：Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday? 哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？ 不能用that1. 非限定性定语从句不能用that2. 当先行词是不定代词且明显指人时例子：anyone whoWho专区只能用who1.当先行词是不定代词且明显指人时例子：anyone whoWhich专区1. 用于非限定性例子：The sun heats the earth， which is very important to us.2. 在“介词关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。例子：The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 3.先行词为“those表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。例子：you should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.Whose专区1. whose=whos例子：He has a friend whose father is a doctor. =He has a friend whos father is a doctor. 2. whose可指人可指物例子：Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. When，where，why专区1.when 在从句中做时间状语，when = in/at/during + which. 2.where在从句中做地点状语 ，where = in/at/on/under + which .3.why在从句中做原因状语 why = for which 介词+关系专区1.介词放在句末句首都可以。除特殊情况如：look after如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是这个人。2.介在前不出现who,that介在后都可以。如：This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。(which可以换成that，也可以省略) 3. 关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。如： That is the day when =on which he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where =in which he lived. 那就是他住过的房子。That is the reason why =for which he must apologize. 那就是他必须道歉的原因。4. +关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)非限定性定语从句1. 不用that,why2.可修饰主句3.有时as也可用作关系代词省略1. 作宾语2. 介+关不能省3. 关系代词作宾补时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时例子：Im not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)As专区1. 代整句例子：As is reported in todays newspaper, the two countries have signed the treaty of peace and friendship. 据今天报纸报导，这两个国家已签署了和平友好条约。2. such.as例子：I shall use the instrument in such a way as he used it yesterday. 我将按他昨天使用(该仪器)的方法来使用该仪器。3. the same.as例子：As与which之差别由as， which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，但which只能在句中。例子As we know， smoking is harmful to one s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。The sun heats the earth， which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。定语从句的“主谓一致”1定语从句有自己的主语（即引导词不充当定语从句的主语），其谓语的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。例如：You must do everything that I do你必须做我做的一切。（do与其主语I保持一致）You must do everything that he does你必须做他做的一切。（does与其主语he保持一致）2如果定语从句的主语是定语从句的引导词，其谓语动词的单复数与前面的先行词保持一致。例如：Do you know the girl who speaks English？你认识讲英语的那位姑娘吗？（引导词who作定语从句的主语，指代单数先行词comrade，故谓语动词用speaks）Do you know the girls who speak English？你认识讲英语的那些姑娘吗？（引导词who作定语从句的主语，指代复数先行词comrades，故谓语动词用speak）3定语从句修饰前面的整个句子（其主语通常是引导词which），谓语动词一般用单数，不用复数。例如：They are hollow，which makes them very light它们是空的，这使得它们很轻。They have invited me to visit their country，which makes me thank them他们邀请我访问他们的国家，这使我很感谢他们。4由“one of复数名词定语从句”构成的结构，有两种情况：（1）如果one前面无任何限定词，这个结构中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。例如：She is one of the girls who know English她是其中一个懂英语的女孩。He is one of the students who have read the book他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。（2）如果one的前面有the，the first， the only，the last，the right等限定词修饰， one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数（即与one保持一致）。例如：She is the only one of the girls who knows English她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。Hes the first one of the students who has read the book他是那些学生中第一个看过这本书的。The way做先行词1. 当way做先