机床在国民经济的地位及其发展简史.docVIP

Machine tools in the status of the national economy and its brief history of development Modern society, in order to efficiently and economically produce a variety of high-quality products, increasing the use of a variety of machines, equipment and technical equipment such as tools and equipment. These technologies for the manufacture of equipment and facilities, and must have a variety of metal processing equipment, such as casting, forging, welding, stamping and machining equipment. Due to the shape of precision machine parts, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness, mainly by cutting methods to achieve, particularly in the shape of complex, high precision and surface roughness of the requirements of small parts that often require the machine after a few even Road dozens of cutting process to complete. As a result, modern machine tool manufacturing industry is the most important processing equipment. In the general machinery manufacturing, machine tools are responsible for the processing workload, accounting for the total workload of machine building 40% to 60% of the machine tool technology performance directly affects the quality of products and machinery manufacturing economy, which determines the national The level of economic development. It can be said that without the development of the machine, if we do not have so many varieties, improve the structure and performance of a variety of sophisticated machine tools, modern society have been achieving a high degree of material civilization would be unthinkable. A country to prosperity, the realization of the industry, agriculture, national defense and modernization of science and technology, which requires a powerful machine for the manufacturing sectors of the national economy to provide modern equipment and advanced technology and equipment, that is, all kinds of machinery, equipment and tools And so on. However, a modern manufacturing machinery must have a modern machine tool manufacturing industry backed up. Industrial machinery manufacturing machine is the equipment, General Technology division, the development of the national economy plays an important role. As a result, many countries have attached great importance to the development of the national machine tool industry and machine tools to increase the level of technology so that the national development of the national economy built on a solid and reliable basis. Human machine in the production of long-term practice, the continuous improvement of production on the basis of production and production with the social development and scientific and technological progress and mature. The machine is the most primitive wooden, all movement is driven by human or animal, primarily for the processing of wood, stone and ceramic products Nipi, which in fact is not a complete machine. In the modern sense for the metal processing machinery parts of the machine is in the middle of the 18th century began to develop. At that time, Europe and the United States some of the most developed industrial countries, from the beginning of a handicraft factory to the capitalist mode of production machinery industry over the need for more and more of a variety of machines, which promoted the rapid development of machine tools. In order for the invention of the steam engine into practical, before and after the 1770 creation of a steam engine cylinder boring hole with the boring machine. In 1797 with the invention of the motor lathe tool, created a mechanical tool to replace manual control of the precursor to the campaign, not only the liberation of the human hands, and precision machine tools and processing efficiency has been a leap in the shape of modern machine tools Prototype. Continued after the lathe, with the machinery manufacturing industry, and other machine tools were also created out one after another. To the late 19th century, lathes, drill press, boring machine, planer, broaching machine, milling machines, grinding machines, gear machine tools and other basic types of machine tools have been formed. Since the beginning of the last century, due to the high-speed steel and cemented carbide cutting tools, such as new materials have emerged one after another continuously improve the cutting performance cutting tools, machine tools to increase the spindle speed along, the drive to increase power and enhance the stiffness of the structure of direction. At the same time, electric motors, gears, bearings, electrical and hydraulic technology has developed so that the rotation of the machine tools, structure and control has been a corresponding improvement in productivity and processing accuracy improved significantly. In addition, the mechanical manufacturing industry in order to meet the increasingly wide use of the various requirements of the development of varieties of machine tools also increasing, for example, a variety of high-efficiency automatic machine tools, heavy machine tools, precision machine tools, as well as special processing to adapt to the particular shape and material needs of special machine tools have been Come out. In the 1950s, the comprehensive application of electronic technology, detection technology, computing technology, automatic control and machine tool design and other fields to the latest achievements of the developed on the basis of numerical control machine tools, machine tools so that the automation has entered a new stage, with the early development of the only Apply to a large number of mass production of pure mechanical control and relay contactor control automation, it has a higher degree of flexibility, even in the one-piece and small-batch production in the economy can be used. Looking at the history of the development of machine tools, industrial machinery as it has always been the expansion of scientific and technological progress and development, and has always been around continuously improve the efficiency of production, processing accuracy, degree of automation products and expanding the variety and carried out, the general trend of modern machine tools Is still continuing along this direction. Chinas machine tool industry in 1949 after the founding of New China established. Before the liberation, as the long-term blockade and the rule of the mid-19th century after the imperialist aggression and exploitation, Chinas industrial and agricultural production is very backward, neither the independence of the machinery manufacturing industry, let alone machine tool manufacturing industry. On the eve of the liberation to the National some of the city only a few small mechanical plant, a small number of simple belt manufacturing plant, Shaper wheel and so on; the national machine tool production in 1949 only 1,000 units less than 10 varieties. After the liberation of the Party and the Peoples Government attached great importance to the development of the machine tool industry. In the early liberation of the three-year period of economic recovery, put some of the original machinery factory into a professional factory; at the beginning of the next Five-Year Plan period of a few, one after another expansion, a new series of machine tool factory. After 50 years of construction, Chinas machine tool industry from scratch, from small to large, now fully into categories compared with a certain strength of the machine tool industry system, capable of producing