2019中考英语二轮复习九全Units7_8知识点讲解练习人教新目标版.docx

类别课标考点要求词汇拓展1、safe safety safely safeness 7、express expression2、educate education educational 8、lead leader3、choice choose-chose-chosen 9、medicine medical4、value valuable 10、energy energetic5、manage manager management 11、noise noisy6、sleep sleepy asleep 12、wolf wolves短语归纳1、回嘴，顶嘴：talk back 10、追逐，追赶：run after2、避免，远离：keep.away from 11、不但.而且.：not only.but also.3、自己做决定：make ones own decision 12、属于：belong to（不用进行，不用被态）4、妨碍：get in the way of 13、捡起、突然学会：pick up5、担心：worry about = be worried about 14、与.交流：communicate with6、长大：grow up 15、指出：point out7、对某人/某事严格：be strict with sb, 16、指.point at（较近，强调对象） be strict in/about sth point to（较远，强调方向） 17、以某种方式：in a certain way8、迟到：be late for 18、对.认真：be serious about（=take sth seriously）9、同时：at the same time（*=meantime） 19、向.学习：learn from .语法结构1、 “should+be allowed to”的用法2、 情态动词must，might，could，cant表推测的用法 Units 78知识点讲解江西考点聚焦安全1、safety： safe（adj）安全的 safety（n）安全，安全性；in safety处于安全地带 safely（adv）安全地2、educate： educate（v）教育 educate/teach oneself自学教育 education（n）教育 educational（adj）教育的，有教育意义的 educated（adj）受过教育的 educator（n）教育工作者3、choice（n）选择，挑选；词组：choose to do sth 选择做某事【经典例题】 Its a wise _to wear the white tie.It matches your skirt well. A.agreement B.support C.condition D.choice 答案：D4、prevent（v）阻止，阻挠【点拨】prevent可以直接加宾语（prevent sth），表示阻止做某事；prevent sb from doing sth 表示阻止某人做某事，同义短语还有stop sb from doing sth和keep sb from doing sth（*注意：keep sb from doing不能省略from！）5、keep的相关短语：（1）keep away from+v-ing，使.避开，不接近（2）keep off使.避开，不踩（3）keep on doing sth 坚持做某事（4）keep doing sth 活动的（状态等）不间断（5）keep+sb/sth+adj使某人/物保持.【拓展】（6）keep up with跟上（keep it up保持，继续）（7）keep out不准入内；keep in使.呆在里面6、attend/join/join in/take part in词语解释例句attend正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼；去上课、上学、听报告等。句子主语只是去听、去看，不一定起积极作用。*attend to=pay attention to+doing sth 集中精力做He will attend an important meeting tomorrow.join指加入党派、组织、社会团体、参军等，是短暂动词、改持续性变为：be in./be a member of.He joined the army.join in参加某种活动Everyone joined in the game.take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等、往往指参加者持有积极地态度、起一定作用He takes an active part in school activities.7、asleep/sleep/sleepy/sleepingasleep形容词，意为睡着的，入睡的，强调状态，是表语形容词，不能作前置定语，常与fall连用，fall asleep【*拓展】“变”：(1)grow逐渐变得，比get正式；(2)turn把.性质、状态、颜色改变；(3)go通常表示不好的变化：(4)get口语中常用，成为某种状态；(5)come/become表示成为，达到，实现（come true）sleep可以作动词，意为入睡，睡觉；也可以作名词，意为睡眠。go to sleep入睡，get to sleep（使）入睡sleepy形容词，意为困倦的，不活跃的sleeping意为睡觉的，是定语形容词，放名词前8、receive/accept（1）receive表示客观上收到，不一定接受。*接受教育用receive education，不用accept。（2）accept表示主观上接受。【经典例题】 -Would you please see the film Iron Man 3 with me tonight? -Id love to,but Ive _Lindas invitation to dinner. A.suffered B.earned C.receieved D.accepted 答案：D9、Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.【点拨】have/get+宾语+过去分词中的过去分词作宾补，其中的have/get是使役动词。 使役动词用法：make/let/have sb do sth；get/drive sb to do sth；get sb/sth doing 使.动起来，get/have sb/sth doing让.一直.（标志是all day）10、Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.【点拨】当only位于句首修饰状语或状语从句时，主句用部分倒装形式，即将助动词、情态动词提前。注意：only如果强调主语，一定不倒装：Only I can do my homework. 只有我能做我的作业。【拓展：倒装句，标*了解即可】种类倒装条件例句完全倒装here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副词开头的句子表示强调Out rushed the children.*表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.*强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.部分倒装never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首（与过去完成时联系考）Hardly did I know what had happened.only和修饰的状语放于句首Only then did he realized the importance of English.not onlybut also连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.neithernor连接并列的句子，前后都倒装Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.sothat, suchthat中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday.*as引导的让步状语Child as he is, he has learned a lot.so, neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。He can play the piano. So can I.（注：如果是so/neither+主语+助动词表示“的确如此”）用于表示祝愿的祈使句中May you be in good health!*省略if的虚拟条件Were I you, I would not do it in this way.11、noise/voice/soundnoise不悦耳的嘈杂声，喧闹声voice人的嗓音或说话、唱歌声（声带发出的声音）sound听到的声音，泛指人、动物、大自然的任何声音12、否定前移的条件：（1）主语是I或We；（2）主语谓语是一般现在时；（3）谓语动词为think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess同步知识点补充Unit7：1、get ones drivers license（=driving licence）获得驾照；license（v）批准，许可2、allow sb to do sth允许某人做.；allow doing sth 允许做某事3、get ones ears pierced 穿耳孔；pierce（v）扎，穿破；earring（n）耳环4、make sure确信，make sure to do sth确信做.，也常用在祈使句开头；make sure of/about+n/V-ing；be sure of/about sth/doing sth 确信（做）某事5、give sb a hug给某人一个拥抱；warm hug热烈的拥抱；hug tightly紧紧地拥抱6、need（v）需要，in need of 需要.7、make ones own decision 自己做决定（=decide for oneself），make a decision to do sth 决定做.8、manage to do sth 成功做某事（*attempt to do 企图做.）manage ones own life安排好自己的生活；manager经理；management经营，管理（n）；manageable（adj）可操纵的9、continue to do 继续做（另一件事）continue doing继续做（同一件事）【go on，stop等词语其用法相同】；to be continued 待续*10、protect/defend/guard（了解）protect表示利用各种安全防御措施，尽力照顾好某人/物，使得其不受伤害defend指用武力或其他措施保护某人不受伤害guard指防止可能的攻击或侵害，留心守望，警戒。guard作名词表示警卫11、as much as：.之多，多达. 尽可能，尽量（主要用于as much as possible） 像.一样的程度；和.一样多12、part-time（adj/adv）兼职的，full-time全职的13、community（n）社区，社团；society（adj）社会的，polite society上流社会14、support（v）支持，（cn）支持者、支撑物；（un）支持，拥护；support an idea支持一个想法；express support表示支持；support oneself 自食其力；support sb in sth 在某事上支持某人15、flash（n）闪光灯，闪光；（v）闪耀；flashlight手电筒16、against doing sth反对做某事，be against反对的，be for支持的；have sth against 不赞成.；have sth for 支持.（表示强烈反对可以用be strongly/desperately against）；have nothing against doing不反对做17、field（n）田野，场地，领域；in the fields 在田野里；in the field of在.方面，在.领域18、give sb a chance给某人一次机会；take a chance/risk to do冒险做；have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事；on no chance 没机会，不可能19、fetch：（双程动作，=go and bring）fetch sth for sb = fetch sb sth 拿给某人某物20、hurt/injure/woundhurt表示对身体或者是情感的伤害injure表示健康，功能，名誉的损害wound表示枪伤，刀伤，战场上的受伤22、enter（v）进入；entrance（n）入口；enter for 报名参加（比赛等）23、regret：（1）regret doing sth 后会做过（已经做了）（2）regret to do sth=be sorry to do遗憾做（还没做）24、辨析：（1）in order to可以放句首，句中 （2）so as to 不可放句首，只放句中Unit8：1、belong to sb = be sbs 属于某人；belong in/on/under 被置于.2、possibly作为副词，意为“可能地，或许”，指的可能性很小，可以与can/could连用，与may连用表示的可能性更小。3、value/valuable/valued/invaluablevalue（n）价值，价格; 意义，涵义; 重要性; 面值（邮票的），（vt）评价; 重视，看重; 估价，给定价valuable（adj）重要的，贵重的（公认的）；be valuable to 对.有价值valued（adj）珍贵的（对个人来说）；be valued at被估价为invaluable（adj）无价的（抽象，如friendship，help）4、catch up with 赶上，反义组为fall behind 落后。5、express（v）表达，表示，不加双宾；expression（n）表达，表情；express oneself 表达自己的思想；to express doubts表示怀疑，express（n）快车。6、be different from与.不同；have/make a difference 对.有影响（=have an influence on）7、volunteer to do sth自愿做某事；volunteer sth自愿提供，献出8、happening（n）事件，发生的事情（常指不寻常的）9、uneasy（adj）担心的，不安的；upset（adj）不安的，愤怒的10、outdoors（adv）在户外，在野外；反义词为indoors11、alien（n）外星人；midsummer（n）仲夏，中夏；burial（n）埋葬，安葬；ancestor（n）祖宗，祖先12、purpose：（n）目标，目的，同义词为aim 表示“为了某种目的”，通常用for .purposes；表示做某事的目的，通常用the purpose of，若purpose 前用了物主代词，通常介词用in/on purpose 意为“有意地，故意地”；to little/no purpose作用不大；徒劳13、honor（v）尊敬，给.荣誉；（n）荣誉：be honored with被授予.荣誉；honor sb sth 授予某人. in honor of sb 向.表示敬意 Its my honor 这是我的荣幸；be honored to do sth很荣幸做.；Its my honor to do sth 做.是我的荣幸14、laboratory（n）实验室，简写为lab；labor（n）劳动；laboratory equipment实验室设备15、position（n）位置，地方；职位；阵地；姿势16、in the neighbourhood of = close to = near17、have a picnic = go on/for a picnic 去野餐；picnic作动词意为“去野餐，去参加野餐”。18、period（n）一段时间，时期，时代，课时19*、wolf（n）狼；a pack of wolves 一群狼；throw sb to the wolves 弃某人于险境而不顾；a wolf in sheeps clothing 面善心恶（披着羊皮的狼）20、hear sb do sth强调听见全过程，改为被动态to要还原，即sth/sb be heard to do sth；hear sb doing 强调正在进行，即改为被动doing不变，即sth/sb be heard doing sth。21、there be句型与seem连用时，to be可以省略。eg：There seems（to be）sth wrong with it.2018经典新题训练一、单项选择。（ ）1、Only when I left my parents for Italy_how much I loved them. A.did I realize B.I will realize C.will I realize D.I realized（ ）2、-Did you get anyone _your old houses yesterday?-No.But Ill get it _tomorrow. A.cleaned,clean B.clean,cleaned C.to clean,cleaned D.cleaned,to clean（ ）3、There arent many tickets left for the concert,youd better _that you get one today. A.make sure of B.make a decision C.make sure D.make plans（ ）4、The manager was very busy,but he still spared his time to _his friends wedding. A.join B.join in B.take part in D.attend（ ）5、-Are you sometimes a little tired and _in class?-Yes,because I often stay up late at night. A.sleep B.asleep C.sleepy D.sleeping（ ）6、They may_get there a little later,for the traffic is so busy at the moment. A.hardly B.differently C.slowly D.possibly（ ）7、Not only _ this machine but _ it. A. can he runcan he repair B. can he runhe can repair C. he can runhe can repair D. he can runcan he repair（ ）8、Paul always regretted _the car.Now he has to take the bus to work. A.buying B.to buy C.to sell D.selling （ ）9、-Danny,what do you think of the article?-Im sorry.I havent had a chance_it yet. A.to write B.writing C.to read D.reading 二、完形填空。（加粗部分句子值得写作学习和借鉴） The little country schoolhouse was heated by an old coal stoveA little boy had the job of coming to school early each day to start the_1_and warm the room before his teacher and his classmates got there. One morning they_2_ to find the schoolhouse burning. They dragged the little boy out of the building more dead than alive. Then he was_3_taken to a nearby county hospital. The doctor told the boys mother that_4_the lower part of his body was seriously burnt, he couldnt use his legs anymore. However, the_5_boy made up his mind that he would walk. Unluckily his thin legs_6_hung there, all but lifeless. Finally he returned home from the_7_Every day his mother would press his little legs, but there was no feeling, no control,_8_Yet his determination that he would walk was as_9_as ever.When he wasnt in bed, he would sit in a wheelchair. One sunny day his mother wheeled him out into the yard to get some fresh air. This day, instead of sitting there, he_10_himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass dragging his_11_behind him. He worked his way to the white fence around the yard. With great effort, he raised himself up on the fence. Then he began dragging himself along the fence, _12_that he would walk. He started to do this every day. There was nothing he_13_more than to develop life in those legs.In the end，through his determination he did_14_He began to walk to school，then to run to school，to run _15_the joy of running. Later in college he made the running team.Still later in Madison Square Garden this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the worlds fastest mile!（ ）1. A. fire B. class C. game D. story（ ）2. A. left B. waited C. arrived D. hid（ ）3. A. clearly B. quickly C. suddenly D. nearly（ ）4. A.when B. unless C. before D. because（ ）5. A. honest B. brave C. worried D. calm（ ）6. A. just B. also C. once D. ever（ ）7. A. school B. yard C. hospital D, square（ ）8. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing（ ）9. A. strong B. simple C. strange D. similar（ ）10. A. helped B. threw C. picked D. enjoyed（ ）11. A. arms B. chair C. legs D. mother（ ）12. A. believing B. doubting C. promising D. suggesting（ ）13. A.afforded B. hated C. forgot D. wanted（ ）14. A. set off B. get back C. stand up D. run away（ ）15. A. to B. for C. from D.without三、短文填空。backbadexpressfeelitloudlucksimplesweetthanktwowarm四、补全对话。A:Hi,Mary!Youlooksad.1) ? B:Ivejustheardofapieceofbadnews.A:2) ? B:ItsreportedthatashipcalledtheEastStarturnedover.A:3) ?B:Yes,itis.Therereover400peopleontheshipandmostofthemaremissing.A:Really?4) .Howdidithappen?B:Imnotsure.Itseemedthattheshipwashitbyaheaveystorm.A:5) ?B:IthappenedonYangtzeRiverinHubeiProvinceonthenightofJune1st.AndtheChinesegovernmentistryingthebesttorescuethepeopleinthedisaster. A:Hopeeverythinggoeswell!语法聚焦（一）系动词和情态动词中考考点 1、系动词be，look，smell，get，become，turn，keep基本用法 2、含情态动词can，must，need，any等的基本句型结构及其用法【考点一】系动词（link-v.）1、 概念：系动词不能独立做谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，成为“系表结构”，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。后多加形容词。2、系动词的主要分类：1）状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lay, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词：用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。5）变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）常见类型归纳：be动词（am，is，are），感官动词（feel，look，smell，sound，taste，seem），“变得”词（get，become，turn，grow），“保持”（keep，stay）。3、关于连系动词后接不定式 连系动词 be (am,is,are)后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语：1).My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。 2).All you have to do is to listen. 你只需要听。 seem, appear, prove, turn out, grow 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是 to be)短语作表语：1).The man seemed to be ill. 这个人好像病了。 2).The plan proved to be useful. 这个计划证明是有用的。3).He appears to know this. 他好像知道这一点。 4).The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。5).He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。若所接不定式为to be，通常可以省略to be。 sound, smell, feel, taste, become 等连系动词后通常不能接不定式：(也可以理解为用主动表被动）误：These oranges taste to be good. (应去掉 to be) 误：The roses smell to be nice. (应去掉 to be)连系动词look后有时也可接to be，但以省略to be为多。用法总结：一般地，系动词后接表语：包括形容词（原级、比较级和最高级均可加）、不定式等。【考点二】情态动词（mod-v.）I. 情态动词基本用法：情态动词用法否定式疑问式、简答与例句can1、能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）2、可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）3、could表委婉，could为can过去式，can一般只用于一般时，be able to 可以用于任何时态can not / cannot /cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.Could you please.?couldcouldnt domay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中、放句首）may not do Maydo? Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant.May you be happy.祝你幸福mightmight not doMightdo? Yes,mightNo,might not.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustnt do（禁止）No,.neednt/dont have toMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt/dont have to.have to不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）dont have to doDohave to do?ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）ought not to/oughtnt to doOughtto do?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt.shall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shant doShalldo?Yes,shall. No,shant.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）shouldnt doShoulddo?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/wont doWilldo?Yes,will. No,wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）dare not/darent doDaredo?Yes,dare. No,darent.need需要，必须（常用于否定句疑问句中）need doing = need to be done（want用法一样）need not/neednt doNeeddo?Yes,must. No,neednt.used to过去常常（现在已不再）used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to doUsedto do?Yes,used. No,use(d)nt.Diduse to do?Yes,did. No,didnt.II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情；must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task. 3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及cant语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生）Can he be in the office now? No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)4、should have done表应该做而未做 must have done表对过去事实的肯定推测；couldnt/cant have done 对过去的否定推测 could have done表本可以做某事 5、情态动词表推测时,该句的反义疑问句和情态动词无关,必须去掉该情态动词后,考虑句子谓语动词的发生时间和谓语构成,再进行相应的变化.如：1.It must have rained last night,didnt it?去掉must后,考虑时间状语last night,说明句子本该使用一般过去时,即变成：It rained last night,所以其反义疑问句为didnt it?再如：2.You cant have been to Beijing before,have you?去掉cant后,根据句意,句子本该使用现在完成时,即变成：You havent been to Beijing before,所以其反义疑问句为have you?III. 情态动词注意点：1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。2. used to和would: used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。3. need和da