2019中考英语二轮复习介词的用法.docx

介词的用法一时间介词的用法辨析1.时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析in介词in用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如： In the morning/afternoon/evening,in May/October,in 1992,in Spring/Summer/Autumn/Winter在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天，1( )_the daytime the streets are crowded拥挤的but_night they are quiet. A.At,in B.For,by C.By,for D.In,at2( )_Spring the trees turn green and the flowers start to come out. A.In B.On C.At D.Fromon介词on用来表示具体某一天，星期几，节日；或者指明具体某一天的上午，下午，晚上。如：On December 1st;on Monday morning;on the night of October 22nd;on a rainy /fine day,on a cold morning,on Teachers Dy;On Christmas Day. 1( )A tsunami海啸happened in some soughern Asian countries_December,2004.A.at B.on C.in D.by 2( )I was born_July 2,and my girthday is coming soon. A.for B.at C.in D.on 3( )-When did you come back from Beijing? -_the morning of April 18th. A.At B.Within C.On D.Inat介词at用来表示时间点，特定的时间、节日、年龄等。at noon,at night,at midnight在午夜，at six oclock,at half past five,at the bgginning of一开始，at the end of结束时，at the age of在-岁数时，at last最终1()I_the daytime the streets are crowded拥挤 but_night they are quiet. A.At,in B.For,by C.By,for D.In,at2填词：Tony usually gets up at_seven oclock on weekends.3.At the age of five,he lived with his grandparents in a village.by介词by不迟于，到-时为止；如：by 2 oclock，by now到现在（为止），by then到那时（以来）1.By the end of last month到上个月末为止,We had learned more than不止300English songs.2.By he got outside到他来到外面为止，the bus had already 已经left离开.3.The work must be finished by Friday。工作必须在星期五之前完成in与after时间介词in与after 的用法*介词in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如：1.Well go to school in two weeks.两周后2()My mother is coming back _three days我妈三天后要回来 A.after B.in C.at D.until3.There will be more robot机器人at home in fifty years.五十年后*介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如：1( )My mother came home _half an hour.半小时后 A.in B.after C.behind D.with2( )The headmaster校长will come to our class_two oclock. A.in B.of C.for D.on3( )Ill call you_4 oclock. A.in B.on C.of D.after4.Well go out for a walk after supper.晚饭后5()The train is starting_five minutes.A.in B.at C.afterSince 与for时间介词for与since的用法辨析*介词for 表示一段时间,for two months有两个月,for three days有两天，for a few hour有好几个小时，for a long time有一段时间，1.I have been living here for 10 years.有十年2()-How long have you been in this city?/-_twenty years. A.Before B.After C.For D.Since3()The doctor worked_five hours_a rest. A.for,with B.on,without C.about,having D.for,without*介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来,如：1()I have been living here _2000. A.for B.befroe C.since D.in2()What bad weather we have!It has rained_the day before yesterday. A.on B.in C.since D.at3.The factory has been there since 1989.4.He has learning English since he was 8.他自从八岁时就开始学英语5.I havent seen her for years.我有好几年没见到他了during时间介词during(在期间)1.He swims every day during the summer.在夏天期间2()The young man had worked in the small village_the year of 1972. A.during B.on C.for D.byuntil/till直到为止；notuntil直到才,不到不, *till/until前谓语动词为延续性动词； *notuntil,(until)前谓语动词为短暂性动词,1.I will wait till（until）seven oclock2.Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上一直呆到明天3()Tom didnt come back _midnight A.before B.until C.after D.when4.I didnt go to bed_my mother came back. A.before B.until C.after D.since不用介词表达时间的几种情况1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning2.当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如：next Sunday3.当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词1.You can come any day任何一天. 2.Could you come to my house_evening? A.at B.last C.at this D.at二方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析*介词on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：1.The book is on the table.2.There was a carpet地毯on the floor在地板上.*介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在上方”，如：1.Is there any bridge over the river?桥在河流之上吗？*介词above表示一般的“高于”，“在之上”，如：1.There was an electric clock电子钟 above his bed.2.There is a light 灯_his head. A.over B.above C.on方位介词under与below的用法辨析*介词under是over的反义词即“在下方”，如：1.They were seen under the tree.*介词below是above的反义词即“低于”，“在之下”，如：1.They live below us.他们住在我们下面（楼下）方位介词across,、through、over,用法辨析*介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。1.She went across the street穿越街道 to do some shoppng. 2.Mr Wang planned to swim_the Chang Jiang River next month. A.through B.across C.past D.over 4.The went_the desert沙漠last year. A.through B.across C.over D.past*介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内部穿过。1.The sunlight was coming in through the window. 2.They went_the forest森林to find the way to the Palace. A.across B.through C.over D.past*介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：1.He failed to go over the mountain穿越大山; he had to go round it.方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析*介词in表示“在-内”，“排、行、组”，如：1.We are in Team One.2.He puts his hands in his pockets口袋*介词on表示“在左、右”，在上面，如：1.Li Ping is on my left/right在右边，在左边. *at“在旁边”1.They were eating at the table now在饭桌旁吃饭*at后接小地方，in后接大地方 词汇：at home在家，at the busstation在车站，at scholl,at work在上班，at the end of在-尽头，at the beginning of一开始-；in China,in Beijing,in the world在这个世界，in the open air在户外，in the end最终，stay in bed卧床睡觉，1()When did you arrive_the train station? A.in B.at C.on D.in front2()He was born_Wuhan. A.at B.in C.on D.of3填词:Mary is flying to France soon,she will arrive_Paris_the morning of July 9.4()We waited ages for a taxi,We gave up放弃_and walked home.A.at the beginning B.in the end C.at first C.at least5.He lives_a small village.A.in B.on C.for D.in* in 表示在某地范围之内； to 表示在某地范围之外；on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如：1. Shanghai is/lies in位于 the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 Beijing is in the north of China.2.Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 France lies to the south of England.3.Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。Canada lies on the north of the U.S.方位介词to、for的用法辨析*介词to表示目的地或去的目的，“from-to-”从-到-，如：1.will you take a train to Tianjian?2.填词：-How far is it_your home to school、 -Its about half an hours bus ride.3.填词：My father works in a factory_Monday_Saturday.*介词for表示目的，动身去某地等，如：1.He got on a train for Shanghai.2.The train is leaving_Tianjing at 6pm.A.to B.for C.at3.填词：Here is a letter_you。这是给你的信件 I bought some flowers as作为 a present礼物_Teachers Day.三其他易混介词的用法辨析原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析*介词because表示“因为；由于”指直接的，用来回答why的问句，语气最强。1.The boy didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill.*介词as表示“由于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。1.She stayed at home as she had no car.*介词for表示 “因为,由于”指一种间接原因，1.It must have rained last night, for the road is wet路面湿滑.材料介词of和from的用法*be made of“由-制成”，用于成品与材料的性质不变时，1.The desk is made of wood.课桌由木头制成。2.The socks are made of silk.袜子有丝绸制成。*be made from “由-制成”，用于成品与材料的性质已变时，1.Wine is made from grapes.酒由葡萄制成。2.Paper is made from wood.纸由木头制成。表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析*介词in表示“用材料、声音，语言”介词with表示“用工具、某物”介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过方法”1.Can you say it in English?用英语说2.I draw a picture with a color pen.用彩色笔写字3.The girl made money by selling flowers.女孩通过卖花来赚钱介词between与among的用法辨析*介词between 表示“在两者之间”介词among表示“在当中（三者或以上）之间1.Dont sit between the two girls.2.There is a hotel between the bank and the pay phone.3.They lived among the mountains群山之间 in the past.4.The bad news spread 传播among the students在学生间 quickly.介词besides与except的用法辨析*介词besides表示“除之外（全部包括在内）”介词except表示“除之外（不计算在内）1.We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.2.We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.3.Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有30个学生去看了电影。(他和另外30人都去了) 4.He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football. 除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。 5.Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动） 6.All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是） 表示计量的介词：at, for, by *at表示“以速度”“以价格” For表示具体价格， by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。 1.It flies飞 at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 2.I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 3.We have sweaters at a good price.以优惠价 4.He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 5.They paid him by month. 他们按月给他计酬。 6.Here eggs are sold被卖 by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on * by用某种方式，多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车，by e-mail.通过电子邮件。 （注：表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用冠词，用in时要用冠词） 1.I went there （by bus/in a bus）. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。 *with表示“用某种工具”。 1.He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。 *on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组。 1.They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。 2.She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。 3.He enjoys watching soccer game on Tv.表示 “关于的介词”：of, about, on *think of/about认为，觉得 1.What do you think of/about认为，觉得 Chinese food./-I think its great. 2.He thought about考虑 this matter yesterday. 他昨天考虑了这件事。 *about“关于”某人某事的情况和内容 1.Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？ 2.They are talking about谈论关于（ animals/Chinese movies）*on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。 1.Its a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。 表示原因：*because of “由于”，表示引起结果的直接原因。*Thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏，多亏”1.He retired退休 last month( because of illness疾病/because he was ill). 2.Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。 3.Thanks to the doctor,my sister was taken good care of.多亏了医生，我妹妹得到了很好的照顾。4.Tom stayed in bed卧病在床(because of his headache/because he had a headache.)表示好像或当作的介词：like, as *like表示“像一样”， *as表示“作为，以身份而工作”1.I want to buy a sweater like像 this我想要买一件像这样的毛衣。2.Could you do it like this?你可以像这样做这件事吗？ 3.He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。 4.She wants to find a job as a teacher/driver.5.The woman works as a doctor in a hospital.表示支持或反对的介词*against反对；for 支持1.Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法？ 中考介词专项训练：1.Tom was good_playing the guitar,but now he plays the violin well.2.Jenny is better_drawing than singing.3.please dont laugh_her.she only made a small mistake.4.Last Sunday,he stayed_home and watched TV all day.5.my father is_work now.6.Im poor薄弱_my English. 7._the way,could you tell me the_to Hongxing Hotel? 8.-Are you interested_reading novels? -Yes,because interest is the best teacher.9.Tony was very_in math,so his math was very impressed印象很深.10.She studies English well,she usually writes diaries写日记_English.11.When you are_trouble,you could ask police for help.12.Youre not allowed to shout_others别人_public.13.They arrived_Beijing yesterday afternoon.14.Go down the street沿着这条街道走，turn right at the third crossing.在第三拐角处向右拐，then然后go straight照直走until you arrive_a bridge,you will see a bank next_a library.15.Keeping_time守时is very important for everybody in Switzerland瑞士16.-How do you get to work? -I get to work_foot.17.On his way_school,Jack met an old friend of his fatehrs18.-May I try_the grey coat? -Sure,here is the fitting room-oh,it looks nice_you.19.Tony is talking_the phone with his friend Jenny.20.The price价格of the apples depend_取决于how many kilos you want to buy.21.-Where do you want to have a trip this National Day? -My family decided_Canada at last.22.You should drive _the right in China,but in England you are supposed to drive _the left.23.Its too cold outside,please put_you sweater. Its too hot outside,please take_your coat. 24.The students are listening_the teacher carefully now.25.I miss you very much,please write_me soon.26.Before going_bed,Tom usually spends about 15miutes_newspaeres.27.-Whose dictionary is this? -It must belong_Jim,there is his name on it.28.The teacher was very angry_Jenny,because she was late for class again.29.At this point在这一点上，he doesnt agree_his father.30.Nowdays many teenagers青少年disagree_their parents.31.-Excuse me,Could you help me_my English study? -Sure,Id love to.32.Jackson always helps his mother_housework at home.33.Could you help me_swimming/sports?34.How do you get on_your family? -I get on well with my family.35-Jenny gets on well_his classmates.相处融洽36.-Whats the matter with you?你怎么了？ -I argued_my parents,what should I do?37.My father is busy_his work all day.38.Could you tell me how to deal_this problem?如何处理问题39.The man who is talking_my father is my Physics teacher.40.He came _with a good idea/plan finally最终，他想出一个好主意/计划41.The weather in Austraila is very different_that in China.42.My haircut发型is different_yours.42.I have the same haircut_Xiao Ming does.43.Tony is the same age_Tom.44.He is not as tall_his deskmates.45.I come_Japan,I can speak Japanese,I live_Xiamen now.46.The post office is across_the supermarket.47.The pay phone is _library and the hotel.48.The boy sitting next_me is my younger brother.49.-What do you think _Chinese food? -I think its great.50.Could you go to the airport to meet my friend Laowang instead_me?51.He can speak Chinese_of English.52.He likes playing baseball_of basketball.53.Please dont worry_your mother,she is Ok now.54.I was worried_my pet cat,because its not well.55.They are talking_animals.56.Could you tell me something_your family?57.Jenny paid lots of money_her new computer.58.The train is leaving_Shanghai at 6pm.59.Please dont be late_class,its not good for your study.60.Tony was always late_school before,but now he is nevr late.61.Taking_a walk after dinner饭后散步is good for your health.62.The man may be late_work,he walk so quickly.63.-What are you looking_? -Im looking_my lost pen,but I cant find it.64.The mother looked_his son everywhere到处，she looked worried.65.He prefers milk_tea.他更喜欢牛奶而不是茶。66.He prefers staying at home_watching movies with friends on weekends.67.Please dont use your mobile phone in class,or the teacher will take it_. My teacher took_my mobile phone when I used it in class.68.When you leave home,please dont forget to turn_the light.69.Please dont give_hope when you meet trouble遇上困境。70.Please help me put_the picture on the wall.71.My little sister is sleeping,please turn_the music.72.I want to hear the music together with you,could you turn it_ a little?73.He is a kind and generous man,he gives lots of money_to the hope project捐钱给希望工程。74.He fixed修理the bikes and gave them_to the kids.75.My English teacher is vey kind,she regards us students_his kids.76.I used to be afraid_the big dog,but now Im not afraid at all.77.The farmers农民are getting ready_the next year.78.-How far is it_your home to school? -Its a little far_here.离这儿有点远。 -Its quite far_here.离这儿相当远。79.They are waiting_a bus at the bus station. He is waiting_you at the gate在门边 now.80.He is coming back_three hours.三小时后他要回来。81.I have been here_a long time.82.Lao Wang has been living in Xiamen(_two years/_two years ago).83.Last night he didnt go to bed_12 oclock.84.I study English_making flashing and watching English movies.85.Tom is the tallest最高_the four.86.Its very important_me to eat more fruits.87.He worked _a doctor in a hospital.88.I bought some flowers_a present作为礼物_TeachersDay.89.English is spoken被说_a second language作为第二门外语in many countries在许多国家90.-Can I help you,please? -Id like to buy a sweater_this.91.Tims mum is worried_her sons eyesight视力as由于he plays online games too much.92.He likes watching soccer_TV.93.The boy is looking_his wallet钱包everywhere到处。94.Man人类will not live生存_sunshine阳关and water.95._your help.I couldnt do it better. _the help of him在他的帮助下.I finished the job_time.中考常用介词词组：1.at first首先； at the beginning of一开始； be good at擅长； not-at all-一点也不； at work在上班； at dinner在吃饭；at the same time在同时； Sit at the table在饭桌旁（吃饭）；stay at home呆在家；at the back of在-后面； Laugh at sb取笑某人； at least至少； shout at sb对着-大叫; knock at the door敲门； look at瞧，看一看-2.by the way顺便说（问）一下； by bike骑自行车； by car/taxi坐车 By hand用手； by the end of到-结束时； by the time到-时候； Day by day一天又一天；3.in a word总而言之； in English用英语； stay in bed卧病在床； Be ill in hospital生病住院；in public在公共场合； be in trouble处于困境 In fact事实上； in a hurry匆忙地 in the street在街道上； in space在太空； in this way用这种方法；