冠词

第三讲 冠词第一部分：语法-冠词1. 冠词的位置及分类：冠词通常位于名词前面，说明名词的含义。英语中冠词有两种：不定冠词a和an；定冠词the。2. 不定冠词a，an的用法：（1）不定冠词a用在读音是辅音开头的词前，an用在读音是元音开头的词前。例如：a pear/boy a university/ a useful book/ a European countryan apple / island/ hour an honest man/ an umbrella/ an “s” 想一想：还有哪些字母前面要用an而不是a ?（2）用在单数可数名词前，泛指人或事物的某一种类，不一定译为“一”。例如：A dog is a useful animal. A car runs faster than a truck. （3）指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例如：A boy is looking for you. He borrowed a book from the library. （4）表示数量有“一”的意思，但是没有one强烈。例如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. （5）表示单位，相当于“每一”的意思。例如：We work five days a week. （6）用于序数词前，表示“再一，又一”的意思。例如：The boy has eaten two apples. Then he had a third one. （7）用于某些固定短语中。例如： a little 一点，少量 have a good time 玩的高兴 half an hour 半小时 have a rest 休息一会儿 catch a bus 赶公共汽车 catch a cold 感冒 make a mistake 犯错误 have a look 看一看【即学即练】一、在必要的地方填用a或an填空： _ elephant is _ large animal with _ long nose and _ big ears. _ snake doesnt have _ legs or _ arms. _ green is _ interesting color for _ house. _ onion（洋葱）is _ common vegetable. I ate _ egg sandwich with _ piece of cheese yesterday. _ tennis racket（球拍）is _ great idea for _ birthday _ present for _ tennis player. What is _ good name for _ cat? Every kitchen has _ refrigerator and _ stove. _ tiger is _ strong animal with _ sharp teeth. _ red is _ bright color. 3. 定冠词the的用法：（1）特指某人或某物。例如：Beijing is the capital of China. I like the boy on my right. 【即学即练】在必要的地方填用a，an或the填空： -Shall we go out walking on _ Sunday?-No, Im busy this weekend. I know the meeting will be on _ Sunday in June, but I dont know the exact date yet. Are you talking about _ Christmas we spent in Sweden? Ill see you again after _ Christmas. The early train to Cambridge was cancelled so I had to go by _ car. Its raining so I think Ill take _ car. （2）用在上文已提到过的人或事物前。例如：There is a pen here. The pen is mine. 【即学即练】在必要的地方填用a，an或the填空： Bob: Did you have _ test yesterday in math class? Sue: Yes, I did. And _ test was really difficult. Ann: I bought _ pizza and _ candy bar. Zima: What are you going to eat first?Ann: I love chocolate, so Im going to eat _ candy bar first. Zima: And what about _ pizza?Ann: Oh, thats for later. （3）用在说话双方都知道的东西前。例如：Where is the math teacher? Hes over there. 【即学即练】在必要的地方填用a，an或the填空：Greg: Im thirsty. Bill: Theres _ 2-liter bottle of cola in _ refrigerator. Greg: OK, thanks. Where can I find _ glass?Bill: Look in _ cabinet above _ stove. Greg: Do you want something to drink, too? I can get _ glass for you. Bill: No, thanks. Im not very thirsty right now. （4）用在世界上独一无二的事物或在序数词或形容词最高级前。例如：the sun the moon the world Kate is the tallest girl in our class. 【即学即练】在必要的地方填用a，an或the填空：Ellyn: Who was _first person to sail around _ world? Ann: I think it was _ Magellan from _ Portugal. （5）用在姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人或两夫妇”。例如：the Whites the Browns（6）用于表示方位的名词前。例如：on the left in the east（7）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如：the Great Wall the Peoples Park the Summer Palace（8）演奏某西洋乐器，乐曲前加the，单独作为乐器时，则用不定代词。例如：play the piano/ the guitar/ the violin We have a piano in our house. （9）用于部分形容词前，表示一类人。例如：the rich the poor the sick the blind（10）用于一些固定短语中 by the way 顺便说一下 at the age of 在岁时 in the end 最后 all over the world 全世界 in the future 在将来 at the same time 在同时 in the front of 在前部 all the time 总是【即学即练】完成句子： 在我们的市中心有一个大广场。There is _ big square in _ centre of our city. 世界上谁游泳最快？Who can swim _ _ in _ _? 布朗一家喜欢溜冰。_ _ like skating. 第三个路口转右。Take _ third turning on _right. 我的姐姐钢琴弹得很好。My sister plays _ _ very well. 4. 不用冠词的情况：（1）棋类、球类运动，一日三餐名词前不加任何冠词。例如：play chess play basketball have lunch（2）月份、星期、节假日名词前不加任何冠词。例如：March 8th is Womens Day. Sunday is the first day of the week. （3）人名、地名、国家名前不加冠词。例如：John lives in Hong Kong. I love China. （4）学科、称号语前不加冠词。例如：Tom studies Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. （5）称呼语及家庭成员的名词前不加冠词。例如：Mother is cooking in the kitchen. （6）复数名词表示类别时不加冠词。例如：We like apples very much. （7）名词前有this，that，my，their，some，any之类的词时，不加冠词。例如：They often sing this song. （8）某些固定短语中不用冠词。 on foot 步行 by bus 乘公共汽车 go to bed 睡觉 on duty 值日 at work 在工作 in trouble 在困难中 for example 例如 be in hospital 在住院注意以下用冠词和不用冠词的意思区别：（1）in the hospital 在医院里 in hospital 因病住院（2）go to the school 去那间学校 go to school 去上学（3）at the table 在桌子旁 at table在就餐（4）in the front of 在前部（在内） in front of 在前方（在外）【即学即练】在必要的地方填上a，an，或the：A friend of mine, Sally Milton, wanted to become dancer when she was little girl. every morning before school, she used to practice in living room at home. dancers need lot of exercise, so Sally used to go to gym two or three times week. In end she got job in theatre company and became actress. In fact, last week I saw her in program on television!第二部分：同步提高 Ex 1选择最佳答案( ) Mary has _ e-dictionary. She got it from her uncle.A. aB. anC. theD. /( ) Sandy often takes her dog for _ walk around the lake after supper. A. aB. anC. theD. /( ) -I just have _ cup of milk for _ breakfast. -Thats not enough. A. a; aB. the; theC. a; /( ) _ Greens had _ big dinner last Monday. A. The; / B. /; aC. /; theD. The; a( ) _ Great Wall is very famous in the world. A. AB. AnC. TheD. /( ) Can I have _ look at the photo of your pen friend? A. aB. anC. / D. the( ) _ old man behind Mary is _ university teacher. A. An; anB. A; theC. The; aD. The; an( ) Kung Fu Panda is _ popular movie. Its really interesting. A. theB. an C. aD. /( ) Mary has a bad cold. She has to stay in _ bed. A. aB. / C. the( ) Theres _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospital. A. an; anB. a; a C. an; theD. a; the( ) -How was _ dinner at Mikes house? -It was great. Mikes mum is _ wonderful cook. A. a; theB. the; a C. the; theD. a; an( ) We can see _ full moon on the evening of August _ 15th every year. A. the; aB. a; a C. a; theD. the; the( ) -What should I buy for Toms birthday? -How about _ camera? He loves taking photos. A. aB. an C. the D. /( ) In Nanjing, we stayed at a very nice hotel. But I cant remember _ name of it. A. theB. a C. anD. /( ) -What would you like for _ afternoon tea? -Two pieces of bread and _ cup of coffee, please. A. an; aB. /; aC. a; theD. /; theExercise 2：在需要的地方填上冠词： -How about _ charity show?-I should say it was _ success. I want to go to Paris where I can learn _ French. -How do you go to _ work?-I usually take _ bus. -Do you have _ QQ number?-Sorry. I dont have one. -Do you want to go to _ action movie?-No. I dont want to. It is said that _ umbrella was invented over four thousand years ago by Chinese people. Tony is _ honest boy. And he is very sunny. Last night I saw _ UFO flying in the sky and took some pictures of it. Linda always takes _ active part in sports after school. I looked under _ table and found _ pen I lost yesterday.Exercise 3：读短文，在需要的地方填上冠词：Once there were four little rabbits. They lived with their mother in house near big forest. One day Mrs. Rabbit said to her children, “Im going to visit Mrs. Bird. You may play but you must keep here clean.” Then Mrs. Rabbit took basket and umbrella and went to see Mrs. Bird. Rose Rabbit was good child. She washed hands and faces. She kept clothes very clean. But Robbie Rabbit was naughty. He went down road. He climbed up big rock. And then he saw big tomato, he said to himself, “I will go and get big tomato. Then he went to tomato. But he did not see stone in way. He fell down on tomato. His clothes were all dirty. 第三部分：巩固练习不定冠词a/an一、用a或an填空：1. _ honest boy 2. _ ugly man 3. _ useful tool4. _ one-act play5. _ uncle 6. _ uniform7. _ university8. _ hour9. _ umbrella10. _ interesting story11. _ “x”12. _ “s”13. _ “h”14. _ “u”二、定冠词the1 _ sun rises in _ east 2Washington is _ capital of _ USA 3Its too hotOpen _ door，please4They went to _ Peoples Park，but we both went to _ Peoples Cinema yesterday 5Where do you live？I live on _ second floor.6I believe that _ young have a bright future.7Paris is _ most beautiful city, where you can see _ famous Eiffel Tower.8Eddie likes playing _ basketball best. He doesnt like playing _ piano.9. Shanghai is in _ east of China10. They passed our school _ day before yesterday第四部分：课后练习选择填空。 1She has _ orange skirt _ skirt is nice Aa；The Ban；The Can；A Dthe；The 2There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr. Zhaos Aan ；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The 3 _ apple a day keeps the doctors away AThe BA CAn DTwo 4This is _ empty glass. Would you please give me _ full one? A. a, an B. an, a C. the, a D. an, the 5At that time Tom was _ one-year-old baby Aa Ban Cthe D 6We cant see _ sun at _ night Athe；the Bthe； Ca； D；7_ useful book it is！ AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat8. How many books do you have？ I have _ bookThats _ English book Aa；an Ba；one Cone；an Done；one9. There is _ university in our town. A. a B. an C. the D. /10_ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world AA；a BThe；the CA；the DThe；a11 There is _ tall tree in _ front of our classroom. A. a, / B. a, the C. the, the D. /, /12_ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River AThe；a BA； CA；the DAn；the 13_ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school AA；an BThe；a CThe；the DA；the 14Beijing is _ beautiful cityIts _ capital of China Aa；a Bthe；the C；the Da；the15Theres