八个时态的归纳.docVIP

时态归纳一、一般现在时1. 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或现在的某种状况或客观真理，科学事实，格言警句。2. 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays 等。3. 基本结构：主语+动词原形（be动词/行为动词） （如果主语为第三人称单数，行为动词词尾要变化：一般情况直接加-s；以辅音加y结尾的，要将y改成i，再加-es；以s，x，sh，ch结尾的，要加-es.） 4. 否定形式：be +not；行为动词前加dont，若是第三人称则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。5. 一般疑问句：把be动词放句首；有行为动词的，用助动词do提问，若是第三人称则用does提问，同时还原行为动词。例句： I leave home for school at 7 every morning.(经常性的动作)每天早上我7点离家。 The earth moves around the sun.（客观事实）地球绕太阳转。 Prides goes before a fall（格言警句）骄者必败。 Columbus proved that the earth is round.（客观事实）哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 I dont want so much. (现在的状态)我不要那么多。二、现在进行时1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2. 时间状语：now，at this time, these days 等。3. 基本结构：主语+am/is/are +doing（动词的-ing变化：一般情况词尾直接加-ing，若词尾 有e，要把e去掉，再加-ing，但seeseeing, diedying 为特殊情况）4. 否定形式：am/is/are +not +doing5. 一般疑问句：把be动词放句首例句： What are you doing now. I am studying. They are dancing.注：哪些动词不能用于进行时态？ 表思想感情活动的动词understand,love,believe,know,want,remember 表示关系的动词own,belong,consistof,contain,dependon,have, 表示感官感觉的动词see,hear,smell,sound,taste, 一些表示继续的状态的动词continue,goon,keep三、一般过去时1. 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2. 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, month, night), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time 等。3. 基本结构：主语+动词的过去式（be动词的过去式/行为动词的过去式） （行为动词的过去式分为规则变化与不规则变化，规则变化 为：词尾直接加-ed，有e直接加d，以辅音加y结尾的， 要把y改成i，再加-ed. 不规则变化的词要记住）4. 否定形式：若是be动词，was/were +not；若是行为动词，在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。5. 一般疑问句：若是be动词，was和were放句首；若有行为动词，则用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。例句： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. I went to Beijing last week. He studied Chinese last night.四、一般将来时1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2. 时间状语：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes /days 等。3. 基本结构：主语 +am/is/are doing to + do; will / shall +do（will 一般用于第二、三人称， Shall 一般用于第一人称，但在陈述句中第一 人称一般也用will）4. 否定形式：am/is/are +not going to + do; will / shall +not+ do5. 一般疑问句： 把be动词放句首；will / shall 提到句首例句： Im going to Shanghai next week. 我下星期要去上海。 I will call you tomorrow. 我明天给你打电话。 Shall we go to see a movie tomorrow？我们明天去看电影吧？ They will come back soon. 他们很快就会回来。注：表示将来时态的方法有哪几种？ 1.情态动词表将来 2.be+不定式（表示计划、安排好的事） 3.be+abouttodosth.（表示按计划即将要做的事、）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可表将来时，主要用来表示在时间上已经确定或安排好的事情。例句： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟以后。下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stay, die, catch up, forget的进行时可表示将来时，表示即将发生的动作例句: Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Teachers Day is coming. 教师节要到了。 I am dying. 我快要死了。五、过去进行时1、概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2、时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 3、基本结构：主语+ was/were+ doing 4、否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 5、一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。例句： Lee was watching TV at that time. 那时李正在看电视。 When I came home, mother was cooking. 我回家的时候，妈妈正在做饭。 They were doing their homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候他们正在做作业。六、过去将来时1、概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 2、时间状语：the next day(morning, year), the following month(week),etc. 3、基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 4、否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 5、一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 放句首例句： She said she was going to Shanghai the following month. The teacher told us that we would have an exam next month.七、现在完成时1、概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2、时间状语：already, yet, before, ever, so far, recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc. 3、基本结构：have/has + done 4、否定形式：have/has + not +done. 5、一般疑问句：have或has放句首例句： The students have gone home. I have been here for two weeks. She has been married since last year. I have caught a cold. He has bought a new car already. The film hasnt stated yet. I have never been to Beijing.注： since和for在现在完成时态中引导时间状语从句时，应注意哪些问题？ Since引导的时间状语从句一定是一个一般过去时态的句子；或是一个表示具体的时间短 语如：since1999,sincelastweek,since5oclockfor引导的时间状语只能是一个表示一段时间的状语（时间的和）如：for5years,fortenminutes 在现在完成时态中，如何处理瞬间动词？ 在现在完成时态中，瞬间动词作谓语不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如要与时间状语连用就得处理瞬间动词。一般有三种办法：用一般过去时；用Itissince(过去时)句型；将瞬间动词变为延续性动词（状态动词）。 a.瞬间动词(终止性动词) come,go,open,close,return,leave,arrive,put,begin,start,stop,fall,give,kill, die,marry,receive,break b.瞬间动词转换成延续性动词（状态动词）buy -haveborrow -keep/ havearrive in-be inleave -be awayjoin -be in /be a memberdie -be deadget up-be upget married/ marry -be marriedcome(arrive, reach, get) here -be herego(arrive, reach, get) there -be therebegin/ start -be onstop/ end/ finish - be overopen -be openclose -be closedwake up -be awakebecome -befall/ get ill -be illlose -be lost/ gonefall asleep -be asleepreturn -be backcatch cold -have a coldleave/ start off/ set out(off) -be off例句：The film has started.The film has been on for 30 minutes.The meeting has stopped.The meeting has been over for 2 days.She has got married.She has been married since last year.She has left already.She has been away already.八、过去完成时1、概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 2、时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month), etc. 3、基本结构：had + done. 4、否定形式：had + not + done. 5、一般疑问句：had放于句首。 例句： They told me that all the students had gone home. I had finished my research paper by the end o