基础语法形容词和副词.doc

语法基础讲义十二： 形容词和副词时间: 1.11 姓名：_ 形容词一.定义：用来修饰名词或者代词，表示人或事物“性质、特征和状态”的词。例： He is a good student.(表性质) Its a big apple.(表特征) He is asleep.(表状态) 二、句中的位置：名词前、be动词后例：I have a red pig. (名词前) The pig is big. (be动词后)1、一般放在名词前，但遇到something/anything/nothing/everything时，形容词要放后面例：Its a yellow pig. She has a red coat. There is something wrong with the pig. Would you like something hot to drink?2、放在be动词后例：They are black. The dog is small. The story is beautiful.3、多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序：限定词-数词-描述性形容词-国籍-地区-出处-材质-用途-类别-名词例：a small round table4、貌似副词的形容词：lovely 可爱的 friendly 友好的 副词一、定义：副词是在句子中修饰动词,形容词,副词的词。例：修饰动词:He speaks English well.他英语说得好 修饰形容词:The house is very big.这房子非常大 修饰副词:He works very hard.他工作非常努力 二、分类：方式副词:well fast slowly carefully 程度副词:very much enough almost 地点副词:here there out home 时间副词:today soon already now 频率副词:often usually never sometimes例：He runs fast. Very good! Come here, please! Whats the time now? She swims in the river sometimes.三、副词的位置：1） 在动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 例：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副词well，badly糟地、坏地，hard困难地，只放在句尾。例：He speaks English well.四、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。例：He goes to school at 7:00 every morning.2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例：Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I dont know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。分别举例如下： quick-quickly; true-truly; happy-happily; possible-possibly4) 具体规则如下：1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如：quick-quickly; polite-politely; sad-sadly;2. 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。如：true-truly绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如：wide-widely; wise-wisely; nice-nicely3. 以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly，如：dry-dryly; shy-shyly4.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，如：simple-simply;considerable-considerably; terrible-terribly小学形容词副词双重词性的词better adj. & adv. 更好的（地） early adj. & adv. 早(的)else adj. & adv. 别的，其他的 far adj. & adv. 远的（地） fast adj. & adv. 快速地；快的 fine adj. & adv. 好的（地） 晴朗的hard adj. & adv. 努力地；硬的 last adj. & adv. 最后（的），上个more adj. & adv. 更多的（地） much adj. & adv. 多，很，非常next adj. & adv. 下一个（次），贴近的only adj. & adv. 仅仅，只well adj. & adv. 健康的；好随堂练习：( )1. If I had, I would visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough( )2. These oranges taste. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well( )3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard.A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice( )4. I would be, if you could give me an early reply.A. pleasant B. grateful C. satisfied D. helpful( )5. Those T-shirts are usually 35 each, but today they have a (an)price of 19 in the shopping center.A. regular B. special C. cheap D. ordinary( )6. Why didnt you go to the cinema last night? It was something _ interesting.A. far less B. more or less C. much more D. any further( )7. The population of many Alaskan cities has _ doubled in the past five years.A. larger than B. more than C. as greatly as D. as much as( )8. This is a good place for a picnic. Yes, it couldnt be _ .A. better B. best C. worst D. worse( )9. How do you like your teacher of English? Well, no one teaches _ here.A. well B. poorly C. best D. bet