石油钻井事故和复杂处理.doc

6768701ee30629419a8463f297fd8101.pdf第十一章 事故和复杂处理一. 常用单词和短语7bit balling 钻头泥包bit bounce 跳钻lost circulation 井漏get stuck 卡钻tight spot 遇阻点cave in 井垮slough 坍塌kick 井涌mud gain 泥浆增量mud loss 泥浆漏失blow out 井喷kill well 压井differential sticking 压差卡钻keyseat 键槽free drill pipe 钻杆解卡free point 卡点back off 倒扣acid wash 酸洗set plug 打水泥塞sidetrack 侧钻fishing tool 打捞工具squeeze cement 挤水泥overshot 卡瓦打捞筒grapple 卡瓦spiral grapple 螺旋卡瓦basket grapple 篮状卡瓦reverse circulating junk basket 反循环打捞篮boot basket 打捞杯fishing tap 打捞公锥spear 打捞矛safety joint 安全接头impression block 印模fishing magnet 打捞磁铁free point indicator 测卡仪hook wall 壁钩mill shoe 磨鞋washover pipe 套铣筒hydraulic cutter 水力割刀fishing jar 打捞震击器bumper sub 地面震击器LCM=lost circulating material堵漏剂二. 扩展词汇-钻井日报表词汇摘录Drill 222.25mm hole from 3452m to 3488m - 300 psi pressure drop 自3452到3488米钻进222.25mm井眼-泵压下降300psiCheck surf equipment . OK 检查地面设备。正常。POOH - check drill string for wash-out 起钻-检查钻柱刺漏。POOH to 532m - drill string got stuck. 起钻到532米-卡钻Attempt to free pipe by jarring down without success 下击试图解卡无效Jar up and free pipe. Attempt to go down into open hole. No success. 上击解卡，试图下放到裸眼无效。POOH to 523m - pipe stuck. Cont working on pipe 起到523米-卡钻，继续活动钻具。Make up Bumper sub assy and push pipe down to 526m 接震击器下压到526米。Continue working on pipe without any progress. 继续活动钻具没有进展。Prepare to run FPI 准备下测卡仪Rig up CNLC and RIH thru TDS 安装CNLC通过顶驱下入。RIH FPI and check free pipes at 526.8 - stuck and pipe free at 523.8m, 518.8m, 513.7m, 507.8m and 497.8m. 下测卡仪，在526.8米检测卡点-523.8m, 518.8m, 513.7m, 507.8m and 497.8未卡。POOH FPI and prepare to run back-off tools. 起出测卡仪并准备下倒扣工具。Make up back-off tool and RIH thru TDS. 接倒扣工具，通过顶驱下入。Apply 2 turns right hand torque to 22000 ft-lbs to tighten drill string. 施加2圈正扣扭矩22000磅-英尺紧扣。Apply 1.5 turn back-off torque and hold same. CNLC fire string shots at 524.5m - logger depth. String free after working down another 1 turn left hand torque. 施加1.5圈倒扣扭矩并保持住，CNLC在524.5米爆炸-电测井深。又施加反扣扭矩1圈后解卡。CNLC POOH and r/down back-off tools 起出并甩CNLC倒扣工具。Lay down bumper sub and POOH. String stuck at 333m. Jar down and push down free. 甩下震击器，起钻，在333米遇卡，下击并下压解卡。RIH to TOF - fish in place 下钻到鱼顶-探到鱼头Pump Hivis. Pump out and back ream to 324m. 泵入高粘泥浆，倒划眼到324米。Work thru tite spots till free from 324m to 320m.从324到320米遇阻段活动到自由段。Cont POOH - Lay down stabilizer and 2 joints DCs - recover 3x 6 1/2 DCs, Dailey Mechanical Jar, 13x6 1/2 DCs. 继续起钻-甩稳定器和2根钻铤-收获3根6 1/2钻铤，Dailey机械震击器，13根6 1/2钻铤。Fish inside 250.83mm casing - 8 3/4 stab, 1x6 1/2 DC, Bit sub and 222.25mm Hycalog PDC bit. 落鱼在250.83mm套管内-8 3/4 稳定器, 1根61/2 钻铤, 钻头接头和 222.25mm Hycalog PDC 钻头。Attempt to retrieve wear bushing - no success. 试图取出耐磨补芯-未成功Make up Bumper sub assy and RIH to 500m. 接震击器下钻到500米Break circ and RIH . Tag TOF at 514m. Screw into fish. 顶水眼和下钻，在514米探到鱼头，对扣。Spot 50 bbl SAPP pill. 泡50桶焦式磷酸钠溶液。Soak fish for an hour. 泡落鱼1小时。Jar on fish - pipe free after two times jarring. Unable to go down. Move up - obstruction at 508m - Work on pipe to get thru hung up points. Gaining 50klbs add. Wt when pipe free (pick-up wt 70klbs)震击落鱼-震击2次落鱼解卡，不能下行。上行-在508米遇到障碍-活动钻具以通过悬挂点，钻具自由悬重增加50千磅（上提重量70千磅）Cont working on pipe to pass thru 508m. 继续活动钻具以通过508米。Jar on pipe and able to work thru 508m. 震击钻具能通过508米。Back ream and pump out of hole from 508m to 277m 倒划眼起钻自508米到277米。Encounter tight spots at 441m, 412m and 405m.在441米，412米和405米遇阻。Backreaming - WOH 105klbs, Torque 4000 - 20000 ft-lbs and RPM 40-60.倒划眼-悬重105千磅，扭矩4000-2000磅英尺，转速40-60。Jarring - max pull 300 klbs. Both downhole jar working OK. String wt 60 klbs 震击-最大拉力300千磅。两个井下震击器工作正常，悬重60千磅。Push fish down into tight spots for backing off from 277m to 314m. 下压落鱼到遇阻点以便从277米到314米倒扣。Prepare to run back-off tools 准备下倒扣工具。RIH back-off tool and correlate shotting depth. 下倒扣工具和校核爆破深度。Tighten fishing string with 23000 ft-lbs right hand torque. 以23000磅英尺正扣扭矩紧扣落鱼钻柱。Establish communication between ann. and inside casing - mud coming out via Section A wellhead.环空和套管之间建立循环-泥浆从一级套管头返出。POOH and lay down bumper sub - recover all fishing assy except saver sub 起钻，甩震击器-打捞出除保护接头以外的全部落鱼。Loggers Reached depth of 3477 mkb. . ( Stuck Tools 2113 mkb) 电测下到3477米（在2113米卡工具）。Work stuck tools & Wait on fishing tools.( Top of tools 2079mkb) 活动被卡工具，等待打捞工具（鱼顶在2079米）Work stuck logging tools ( Maximum pull 6,000# ) & Wait on fishing tools活动测井工具（最大拉力6000磅）并等待打捞工具。Held pre job Safety & Proccedure Meeting W CNLC 与CNLC（中油测井）召开作业前安全和程序会。Rig up to strip over logging cable , Change elevator links, 准备穿心打捞电缆，换吊卡吊环。Make up overshot, Strip over CNLC logging cable to 1190mkb 接卡瓦打捞筒，穿心下CNLC电缆到1190米Work on TDS Torque Gauge 搞顶驱扭矩表Break circulation casing shoe, & Circulate 在套管鞋顶水眼，循环Continue in hole to 2055mkb 继续下钻到2055米Make up circulating head, Break circulation & Circulate hole clean 接循环头，顶水眼并循环干净。Continue in hole to 2082, & Circulate above fish 继续下钻到2082米，在落鱼上方循环Latch on to fish, Move pipe & monitor cable tension ( Hook Load increasd 2000#) 落鱼对扣，活动钻具并监视电缆拉力（大钩负荷增加2000磅）。Repeat above procedure to ensure fish properly engaged. 重复上述操作以确保捕获落鱼。Circulate ( Noted increase in pump pressure indicating fish engaged ) 循环（注意到泵压增加意味着落鱼被捕获）。Check logging cable tension, & Shear pin at rope socket W / 8,000# tension 检查测井电缆拉力，拉力8000磅间断电缆接头销子。Pull out logging cable, & Rig out CNLC sheavs 起出测井电缆，甩CNLC滑轮。Bit locked up, 2 cones worn in half, 1 cone missing, Bit 3/8 under gauge 钻头卡住，2个牙轮磨损成一半，一个牙轮落井，钻头前尺寸3/8”。Down load data fr RAB & ADN, Install Radio active source 从RAB和ADN下载数据，安装放射源。Run in w/ 3 stds. Drill collars & test Anadrill tools.( All tested OK )下钻铤3柱测试Anadrill工具（所有测试正常）。Continue in w/ collars & drill pipe 继续下钻铤和钻杆。Slip & cut 44 m drilling line, Test TDS inside BOP, OK 划和割钻井大绳44米，测试顶驱内防喷器，正常。Continue running in, Break Circulation 2541m, & Caliberate LWD tools 继续下钻，在2541米顶水眼，校核随钻测井井深Wash & ream fr. 3484 to 3514m. Ream under gauge hole fr 3514 to 3520m (Torque increased due to junk on bottom ) 从3484到3541米冲洗和划眼，自3514到3520米划欠尺寸井眼（由于井底落物扭矩增加）Circulate, Work junk basket & attempt to clear bottom of junk. Pump pill. 循环，活动打捞杯并试图清洗井底落物，泵入加重浆。Pull out for BHA change( Hole in good condition ) 起钻换钻具组合（井下正常）。Remove Radio active source, Break out bit & junk sub, Stand back Anadrill tools in derrick. 取出放射源，卸钻头和打捞杯，将Anadrill工具立到井架。Make up 7 7/8 Reverse Circulateing Junk basket & Junk sub. 接7 7/8”反循环打捞篮和打捞杯。Run in hole w/ Fishing assembly to 1064m 下打捞组合到1064米。Slip & cut 120 meters drilling line,( Found additional broken strands on fast line)划和割钻井大绳120米（发现快绳上额外断股）( Did not have sufficiant line left on old spool to replace damaged line, INSTALL NEW LINE )（旧滚筒上确实没有足够大绳替换损坏大绳，安装新大绳）Move 2 stds. collars to left racking area & run in to 2417m移动2柱钻铤到左边钻杆排放区，下钻到2417米。Break circulation & Respool dilling line on drum. 顶水眼并重排滚筒大绳。Work junk basket, Drop ball, & pump down same. 活动打捞篮，投球并泵送。Work Reverse Circ. Junk Basket fr. 3519.42 to 3520.62m 从3519.42 到 3520.62米活动反循环打捞篮。Break out Rev. Circ. & Boot basket ( Recover 1/2 cone, 2 lbs junk, & .37m core ) 卸反循环打捞篮和打捞杯（收获1/2牙轮，2磅落物）Make up bit, Boot basket & Anadrill tools. Test tools at surface, RAB failed & replace same. 接钻头，打捞杯和Anadrill工具，在地面测试工具，RAB失败并更换。Make up Baker Cement retainer, Check function surface OK 接贝克桥塞，在地面检查功能正常。Run in w/ Cement retainer to 3770 MKB. ( fill drill pipe surface every 10 stands ) 下钻带桥塞到3770米（在地面每10柱向钻杆灌泥浆）Break circ & attempt to set cement retainer 3770 , 3775, 3760 mkb without sucsess. 顶水眼并试图在3770 , 3775, 3760米座桥塞，未成功。Repeat retainer setting procedures 3765, 3755, & 3750 mkb w/ negative results 在3765, 3755和 3750米重复桥塞座封程序，未成功。Pull out of hole w/ Retainer setting tool, ( Retainer left in hole below 3775 mkb ) 起出桥塞座封工具（桥塞留到井里3775米以下）Inspect setting tool, Disassemble, & Make up to new cement retainer. Function test same OK 检查座封工具，解体并接新的桥塞，功能测试正常。Run in w/ cement retainer, Fill & apply 1 left hand turn every 10 stands. 下桥塞，每10柱灌泥浆并施加1圈反扭矩。Confirm string wt. 270,000# , ( 15,000 overpull, 20,000 drag down ) 确认悬重270千磅（多提15千磅，20千磅下行阻力）Set cement retainer 3750 mkb. ( Surface indicators confirmed that slips set & Retainer remaind in place ) 在3750米座桥塞（地面指示器证实卡瓦座封且桥塞就位）。Pressure up to 1000 PSI on drill pipe w/ annulas open ( held OK ) 环空敞口，钻杆憋压到1000psi（憋压正常）Pressure up on annulas to 500 PSI w/ drill pipe open ( held OK ) 钻杆敞口，环空憋压到500psi（憋压正常）Pull out of hole w/ Setting tool. 起出座封工具。三. 补充材料TO : Les Lee 至：莱斯李FROM : Bill Smith 自：比尔斯密斯SUBJECT : JAR FAILURE 主题：震击器失效In reply to “e” mail from zhang bowen dated september 12, 1999, the following information is numberd in the same order as requested.回复张博文1999年9月12日的电子邮件。根据要求编号下述答复。(1) Twisted off at 6 ” drill collar leaving 8 x 6 ” drill collars , CDR tool, MWD monel, 9” stabilizer, power pack mud motor, 9 7/8” bit. 在6 ”钻铤处扭断，8根6 ”钻铤，CDR工具，MWD无磁，9“稳定器，动力密封泥浆马达，9 7/8”钻头落井。(2) Fishing assembly, 8 1/8” overshot ( dressed w/ 6 ” spiral grapple ) bumper sub, DAILY jar, 3 x 6 ” drill collars, 12 x 5” hevi-wate, 打捞组合，8 1/8”卡瓦打捞筒（装6 ”螺旋卡瓦），震击器，DAILY震击器，3根6 ”钻铤，12根5”加重（钻杆）。(3) Latch on to fish (perfect grab on first attempt ) no rotating required , string wt. 195,000 lbs. Attempt to jar up only. Did not jar down at any time. JARS DID NOT FIRE ! 抓住落鱼（完美的第一次尝试），没有要求转动，悬重195千磅。仅试图上击，从没下击。震击器没有震击！JAR OPERATED AS FOLLOWS.震击器操作如下：(1) Applied straight pull up to 325,000 lbs ( ie 130,000 lbs overpull ) No jarring action. 上提到325千磅（即多提130千磅），没有震击动作发生。(2) S