高中英语学习基础必备简单句五个基本句式.doc

初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之一简单句的五种基本句型句型一 主语+系动词+表语讲解 （1）系动词的三分类：在初中阶段，我们学过的表示.保持或状态类的有be,remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall，go，come等；表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem，appear. 等；例如: I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.我是高中生他是初中生。After four years, Tom became a doctor =turned doctor.四年后，汤姆成了一名医生。The story sounds interesting and instructive.这故事听起来既有趣又有教育意义。（2） 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词（短语）等。例如：In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday.(形容词作表语)In my mind, mother is my hero.(名词作表语)Look1 Your pet dog is there.(副词作表语)The schoolbags come in different sizes.(介词短语作表语)Youve changed a lot. You are not what you were.(表语从句作表语)Many passengers got injured in the accident.(过去分词作表语)The machine keeps running for a long time.（现在分词短语作表语）（3）使用系动词应注意的地方:第一，没有被动语态；第二，.一般没有进行时（除了feel以外）；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词，如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get,smell等。第四，非谓语一般用现在分词（这一点仅作了解，高中阶段将涉及。）倒如：After two-days treatment, he felt well again.(不用was felt) He remains an excellent engineer in the fatory.(不用 is remained)比较以下句子：The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.（keeps是系动词而kept是及物动词）We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.(grew是及物动词而grow是系动词)Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.(第一个grew是及物动词而第二个是系动词)练习 根据句子，选择一个合适的动词填空或根据汉语提示填空：(1)I _（remain/keep/stay）a nurse while he has_(turned/become) engineer(2) Put the meat in the refridgerator(冰箱).It _(goes/gets/turns/becomes) bad easily.(3) What he said_(sounds/looks/smells/tastes) reasonable.(4)He feels _(comfortable/comfortably), working in the air-conditioned office.(5) When the winter comes, the leaves in the tree turn _(yellow/green).(6) My mother _(looks/appears) young although she is already in her late fifties.(7) More trees will _(be grown/grow/) around our school.(8) We do morning exercises to _(keep/turn/become) healthy.(9)The apple _(tastes/is tasted) sweet. (10)Those apples _(have tasted/have been tasted) already.（11）Please keep _(安静) ; The baby has fallen _(睡). (12) They work day and night to make their dream come_(真).句型二 主语+不及物动词讲解 (1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如, agree, lie, work, argue,lie,belong,come, go,reply等。(2) 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如，agree with, lie in, work at, belong to , come across, go to等。（3）有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如，begin, sell,write,wash,answer, read等。例如：The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物动词) The professor began his speech directly.（及物动词）The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.(第一个sell为不及物动词而第二个及物动词)。练习 1.指出划线部分动词的词性，是及物动词还是不及物动词。(1)Speak aloud so that everyone can follow you. ( )(2) Except for Japanese, he can also speak Spanish.( )(3)His father used to work hard to make much money. ( )(4)I intended to lie to him, but failed. ( )(5)Unfortuately, the driving test failed me. ( )2.在每一空格上填一恰当的介词。（1）I dont agree _you completely. I have my own opinion.(2) The dictionary is not Toms. It belongs _me.(3) Use your head, and you will think _some ways to solve the problem.(4) To improve my English, I work hard _it.(5) Lood _the cloudy sky,. It is going to rain.句型三 主语+及物动词+宾语练习 划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分如：Doing morning exercises benefits our health.（1）To master a foreign language helps us communicate with foreigners.（2）I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.（3）We missed going to college for that reason.（4）What he said touched me greatly.句型四 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）讲解 （1）双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。例如：My father bought me a car.（me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语）The singer sang us another song.（us为间接宾语，another song 为直接宾语）（2）如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间有一个介词(to, for等)。The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.The singer sang another song for us.练习 在每一空格上填一个恰当的介词。（1）Mother bought a birthday cake _me.(2) Give a second apple _her. She likes it.(3) The company will provide some drinks _ the volunteers.句型五 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）： 讲解 宾补是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾补的逻辑主语（暗含的主语）。宾补可由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）等来充当。例如：Tom made the baby laugh.（不带to的不定式laugh作补语）Tell him to follow the instructions.(不定式短语作宾补) They made Beijing the capital of the PRC.(名词作宾补)We saw the old man crossing the street when we walked.(现在分词短语作宾补)I tried my best to make the lesson a lively one.(不定代词one 作宾补)What made you here?(副词作宾补)We found ourselves in great trouble.(介词短语作宾补)Dont leave the machine working all day long.(现在分词短语作宾补)练习 根据汉语或英语提示在第一空格上填一个恰当的单词。（1）Let him_(进来)（2）Let the student _(站) outside the classroom.(3) We made our classroom_(明亮)。(4) Father have some employees _(work) all day and all night.(5)Did you have your bicycle_(repair)?(6)I have nothing _(do) this afternoon. Lets go swimming.(7)He kept us _(read) the story once and again.(8)The keeper kept the monkey_ _ _(在笼子里)(9)Jenny left his money_(偷了).(10)I found myself_(surround)by some snakes.(11) I would like to see the plan_(carry) out.(12)Who got the machine_(start)?(13)Jim asked me _ _(wait ) him at the school gate.(14)The boy was made_(stand) outside the room. (15) Dont allow the guests _ _(smoke) here. 参考答案：句型一 主语+系动词+表语（1）-（5）remain,turned; goes; sounds;comfortable;yellow (6)-(12)appears;be grown;keep;tastes,;have been tasted;quiet,asleep;true 句型二 主语+不及物动词1.不及物动词：（1）（3）（4） 及物动词（2）（5）2. （1）-（5）with,to,up ,at,at句型三 主语+及物动词+宾语（1）To master a foreign language helps us communicate with foreigners.（2）I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.（3）We missed goi