oracle11gredhat6.0完整安装版.docx

Redhat6.0 Oracle 安装一. 安装环境：redhat6.0 静态IP#Vi /etc/redhat-release(安装完成可改回，有时候有影响，本人无影响) #Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0 (Santiago)Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.0 (Tikanga)#Vi /etc/hosts hostname Vi /etc/sysconfig/networkHOSTNAME=二. 挂在redhat6.0光盘安装oracle所需rpm包# yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc+-33 compat-libstdc+ elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c+ glibc glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio libaio-devel libaio-devel libgcc libgcc libstdc+ libstdc+ libstdc+-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel 三. 创建oracle用户和组#group dba#groupadd oinstall#useradd g oinstall -G dba oracle#passwd oracleoracle四创建目录# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oracle11g/oradata#mkdir p /opt/oracle/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/db_1#mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oracle11g/flash_recovery_area#chown oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle; chmod 755 R /opt/oracle五修改环境变量及系统参数Vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile# .bash_profile# Get the aliases and functionsif -f /.bashrc ; then . /.bashrcfi# User specific environment and startup programsPATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin#oracle11gR2#export DISPLAY=:0.0export PATHexport ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/oracle11g /product/11.2.0/db_1;export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/oracle11g;export ORACLE_SID=vm;export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib;export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib; #vi /etc/sysctl.conf文件末尾添加：kernel.sysrq = 0kernel.core_uses_pid = 1net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1kernel.msgmnb = 65536kernel.msgmax = 65536kernel.shmmax = 4294967295kernel.shmall = 268435456kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744s.aio-max-nr = 1048576 #sysctl -p#vi /etc/security/limits.conforacle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536#vi /etc/pam.d/loginsession required /lib/security/pam_limits.so或session required pam_limits.so六.挂在oracle至mnt下#mount /dev/sr0 /mnt#cp /mnt/* /opt/oracle/# chown oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle / -R#chmod 775 /opt/oracle/ -R#unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2(1).zip #unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2(1).zip#xhost +(不然会在安装时报错：Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set)#reboot七安装oracle# su oracle# export en#cd /opt/oracle/# ./runInstallerStarting Oracle Universal Installer.Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. Actual 24216 MB PassedChecking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 4063 MB PassedChecking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 PassedPreparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2014-06-24_12-32-32AM. Please wait .oracleserver database$ 邮箱可跳过，不跳过会报错Unexpected error occurred while validating inputs at state getOCMDetails. 该错误是因为没有安装pdksh的原因,将该包安装好后,问题解决.1.下载pdksh2.安装pdkshroothost1 soft# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.i386.rpmwarning: pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897error: Failed dependencies: pdksh conflicts with ksh-20060214-1.4.i386遇到如上错误后,解决办法是删除掉ksh-20060214-1.4.i386roothost1 soft# rpm -e ksh-20060214-1.4.i3863.继续安装roothost1 soft# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-1.i386.rpmPreparing. # 100% 1:pdksh # 100%再次运行.runInstall后填写email地址,就可以顺利通过了.匹配字母大小写数字，Liuzhizhong123然后# su # /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh# /opt/oracle/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh安装完数据之后，在root用户下执行netca（在图形界面下执行），完成监听程序的配置出现乱码执行#export LANG=en_US中文添加监听程序输入监听输入默认端口1521完成配置启动监听 #lsnrctl start解除对于SCOTT用户的锁定：conn sys/bitservicettonline as sysdba;alter user scott account unlock;select * from dba_users where upper(username)=SCOTT;ACCOUNT_STATUS:EXPIRED3、连接SCOTT用户：conn scott/tigerttonline;提示该用户已经过期，请重新输入新的密码：tigerconn scott/tigerttonline;此次可以正常连接此用户设置oracle开机自动启动（文件路径需更改）linux下系统开机oracle自启动(方法一) -加载为服务自启动、停止一、dbstart 及 dbstopOracle 数据库的自动启动及停止可籍 Oracle 提供的 dbstart 及 dbshut 档达成 (在 .0 中）。这些文件又耍依靠 /etc/oratab 存在才能使用（虽然更改 dbshut 和 dbstart 档可使解除这限制。）/etc/oratab 档格式如下：-SID:ORACLE_HOME:AUTO-例如-*:/opt/oracle9/product/:Nboss:/opt/oracle9/product/:Y-二、 init.d 及 rc.d要在开机关机时自动启动和结束数据库的话，你需要修改 Linux 的启动脚本文件。这并不困难，不过，我需要指出这些改动因应不同的 Linux 发行版本（slackware, debian, redhat 等）而有所不同。我这些例子适用于 Redhat 5.0。要为你所用的 Linux 作出修改，请先参考你手头上的 Linux 文件。（虽然这实际上应该适用于所有 Sys V UNIX。）首先，我们要建立会执行 /etc/rc.d/init.d 目录中 dbshut 及 dbstart 的脚本文件。把以下文件命名为 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle:#Linux下让Oracle服务自动启动与停止默认地，如果在Windows下安装Oracle的话，会注册相应的服务，并随着操作系统启动而自动启动。但是，在Linux（环境是：RHEL5.2）下却需要进行一些配置才能实现这个功能。具体如下：一、修改Oracle系统配置文件/etc/oratabrootRHEL#gedit/etc/oratab/etc/oratab格式为：SID:ORACLE_HOME:AUTO，把AUTO域设置为Y(大写)。只有这样，oracle自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。我的环境为：orcl:/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y二、编写服务脚本rootRHEL#gedit/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle!/bin/bash# whoami# root# chkconfig: 345 51 49# description: starts the oracle dabase deamons#ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/db_1/ORACLE_OWNER=oracleORACLE_DESC=Oracle 11gORACLE_LOCK=/var/lock/subsys/oracle11gcase $1 instart)echo -n Starting $ORACLE_DESC:runuser - $ORACLE_OWNER -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl startrunuser - $ORACLE_OWNER -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstartrunuser - $ORACLE_OWNER -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsoletouch $ORACLE_LOCKecho;stop)echo -n shutting down $ORACLE_DESC: runuser - $ORACLE_OWNER -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stoprunuser - $ORACLE_OWNER -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshutrm -f $ORACLE_LOCKecho;restart)echo -n restarting $ORACLE_DESC:$0 stop$0 startecho;*)echo usage: $0 start | stop | restart exit 1esacexit 0保存后，需要修改一下权限：rootRHEL#chmod755/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle关于这部分服务的编写，可以参考/etc/rc.d/init.d下其他服务，比如iptables之类的。三、建立服务连接（以上开机启动为本机设置的，可正常启动，可复制粘贴，后续修改下dbstart，dbshut，设置3 5 自启动就行了，下边的shell等没做尝试，随意）系统启动时启动数据库，我们需要以下连结rootRHEL#ln-s/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle/etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99oraclerootRHEL#ln-s/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99oraclerootRHEL#ln-s/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle/etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oracle#rc4.dunused要在重新启动时停止数据库，我们需要以下连结rootRHEL#ln-s/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle/etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01oracle#stoprootRHEL#ln-s/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle/etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K01oracle#restart四、修改dbstart和dbshut尽管在服务脚本中，用到了dbstart和dbshut，但是还不知道里面有些什么。其实，还是需要简单地修改一下这两个文件，以便正确启动oracle监听服务。oracleRHEL$gedit$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart可以在内容中找到：#SetthistobringupOracleNetListenerORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracleif!$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNERthenechoORACLE_HOME_LISTNERisnotSET,unabletoauto-startOracleNetListenerelseLOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log#StartOracleNetListenerif-f$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnrthenecho$0:StartingOracleNetListener$LOG2&1$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctlstart$LOG2&1& exportVER10LIST=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctlversion|grepLSNRCTLfor|cut-d-f5|cut-d.-f1elseechoFailedtoauto-startOracleNetListeneusing$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnrfifi这部分内容是启动Oracle监听服务，但是它指定的路径却是：/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle。需要修改一下，变成我们自己的安装路径：ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/opt/oracle/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/db_1/(自己的路径)需要说明的是，如果监听(Listener)的名字不是标准的，那么还需要修改：$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctlstart为$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctlstart监听名。oracleRHEL$gedit$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut找遍内容，却没有发现有关于停止监听服务的内容。为了于dbstart对应，在文件中添加如下内容（其中着色部分是添加的内容）：.#SaveLD_LIBRARY_PATHSAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH#Addedbyldy2009-01-04#SetthistostopOracleNetListenerORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1if!$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNERthenechoORACLE_HOME_LISTNERisnotSET,unabletoauto-stopOracleNetListenerelseLOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.logif-f$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnrthenecho$0:StoppingOracleNetListener$LOG2&1$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctlstop$LOG2&1&exportVER10LIST=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctlversion|grepLSNRCTLfor|cut-d-f5|cut-d.-f1echoFailedtoauto-stopOracleNetListeneusing$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnrfi#EndAdded#SetthisinaccordancewiththeplatformORATAB=/etc/oratab.五、验证服务最简单的办法，就是重启电脑，查看效果。重启之后： oracleRHEL$sqlplus/assysdbaSQL*Plus:Release.0-ProductiononSunJan418:41:372009Copyright(c)1982,2005,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Connectedto:OracleDatabase10gEnterpriseEditionRelease.0-ProductionWiththePartitioning,OLAPandDataMiningoptionsSQLselectinstance_name,statusfromv$instance;INSTANCE_NAMESTATUS-orclOPENoracleRHEL$lsnrctlstatusLSNRCTLforLinux:Version.0-Productionon04-JAN-200918:42:25Copyright(c)1991,2005,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Connectingto(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL.)(PORT=1521)STATUSoftheLISTENER-AliasLISTENERVersionTNSLSNRforLinux:Version.0-ProductionStartDate04-JAN-200915:16:45Uptime0days3hr.25min.40secTraceLeveloffSecurityON:LocalOSAuthenticationSNMPOFFListenerParameterFile/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.oraListenerLogFile/usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.logListeningEndpointsSummary.(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=RHEL.)(PORT=1521)(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)ServicesSummary.ServicePLSExtProchas1instance(s).InstancePLSExtProc,statusUNKNOWN,has1handler(s)forthisservice.Serviceorclhas1instance(s). Instanceorcl,statusREADY,has1handler(s)forthisservice.ServiceorclXDBhas1instance(s).Instanceorcl,statusREADY,has1handler(s)forthisservice.Serviceorcl_XPThas1instance(s).Instanceorcl,statusREADY,has1handler(s)forthisservice.Thecommandcompletedsuccessfully当然，也可以手动启动关闭重启服务：rootRHEL#serciceoraclestartrootRHEL#serciceoraclestoprootRHEL#serciceoraclerestart如果在oracle用户下，那么直接用dbstart或者dbshut就可以了。此外，如果想启动数据库服务时也启动管理器或者isqlplus，那么还需要修改一下dbstart和dbshut脚本，或者在服务脚本中进行编写。增加：emctlstartdbconsole和isqlplusctlstart。#下面是另一SHELL的-#!/bin/sh#chkconfig:2345 98 05#description:Oracle Server#/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle#解说启动及停止 Oracle 数据库和监听程序#检查如何执行脚本文件case $1 in start) echo -n Starting Oracle Databases: echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle su - oracle -c dbstart /var/log/oracle echo Done. echo -n Starting Oracle Listeners: su - oracle -c lsnrctl start /var/log/oracle echo Done. echo echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Finished. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle ; stop) echo -n Shutting Down Oracle Listeners: echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Shutting Down Oracle Databases as part of system down. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle su - oracle -c lsnrctl stop /var/log/oracle echo Done. rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle echo -n Shutting Down Oracle Databases: su - oracle -c dbshut /var/log/oracle echo Done. echo echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Finished. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle ; restart) echo -n Restarting Oracle Databases: echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Restarting Oracle Databases as part of system up. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle su - oracle -c dbstop /var/log/oracle su - oracle -c dbstart /var/log/oracle echo Done. echo -n Restarting Oracle Listeners: su - oracle -c lsnrctl stop /var/log/oracle su - oracle -c lsnrctl start /var/log/oracle echo Done. echo echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Finished. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle ; *) echo Usage: oracle start|stop|restart exit 1esac不要吝啬於检查这个文件到底有没有真的正确地启动和停止系统中的数据库。请检查记录档(log file)，看看有没有错误讯息。弄妥这脚本文件後，我们要在正确的执行等级目录 (runlevel directories) /etc/rc.d/rcX.d 中建立及删除符号连结 (symbolic links)。以下指令确保在执行等级 2, 3 , 4, 5 下会叫出数据库$ ln -s ./init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99oracle$ ln -s ./init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99oracle$ ln -s ./init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S99oracle$ ln -s ./init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oracle要在重新启动时停止数据库，我们需要以下连结$ ln -s ./init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01oracle # 停止$ ln -s ./init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K01oracle # 停止$ ln -s ./init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K01oracle # 重新启动把oracle service添加到服务里# chkconfig add /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle查看自动启动设置是否成功:# chkconfig list oracleoracle 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:开启 4:开启 5:开启 6:关闭*从上面可以看出level为345的都已经开启了，配置成功!linux下系统开机oracle自启动(方法二)以root身份登录：$