“一般将来时”的几种语法形式.doc

“一般将来时”的几种语法形式 一般将来时的语法形式主要有四种：shall / will 动词原形；be going to 动词原形；现在进行时和一般现在时。现将这四种形式分述如下：一、shall / will 动词原形1. will可用于所有人称，但shall 仅表示单纯将来时，用于第一人称I和we，作为will的一种替代形式。以You and I为主语时通常避免用shall。例如：He will be back soon. 他很快就会回来。I shall/will be free on Sunday. 星期天我有空。You and I will work in the same factory. 你和我将在同一工厂工作。2. will, shall可用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事，或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。例如：It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨。3. will, shall除可表示单纯的将来时以外，还可以带有意愿的色彩，仍指的是将来。例如：Ill buy you a bicycle for your birthday. 你过生日时，我给你买一辆自行车。(表示允诺)Will you open the door for me please? 请你帮我开门好吗？(表示请求)Shall I get your coat for you? 我可以为你拿外套吗？(表示提议)二、be going to 动词原形1. 表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象，判断将要或即将发生某种情况。这类句子的主语可以是人，也可是物。例如：There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛。(已有告示)I feel terrible. I think Im going to die. 我感到难受极了，我想我快不行了。Look at those black clouds! Its going to rain. 看看那些乌云！天快要下雨了。2. 表示主语现在的意图或现已做出的决定，即打算在最近或将来进行某事。这种意图或决定往往是事先经过考虑的。例如：He isnt going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥。Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up. 玛丽决定长大了当一名教师。3. 只是单纯地预测未来的事，此时可与will互换。例如：I think it is going to/will rain this evening. 我认为今晚要下雨。注意：(1)be going to和will在含义和用法上略有不同。be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算；will多表示意愿、决心。两者有时不能互换。例如：He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams.他正努力学习，准备参加考试。(不能用will替换)Can somebody help me? 谁能帮我一下吗？I will.我来。(不能用be going to替换)(2)在if之后，通常不用will表示预言，但可以用be going to表示意图。例如：If you are going to go to the cinema this evening , youd better take your coat with you. 你若今晚去看电影，最好带着外套。be going to也常可以用于主句之中。例如：If you invite Jack, theres going to be trouble. 如果你邀请杰克，那就要惹麻烦了。如果表示将来的意愿，will可用于条件从句。此时will为情态动词。例如：If you will learn to play football, Ill help you. 如果你想学习踢足球，我可以帮你。三、现在进行时表示位置转移的动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, send, move, travel, fly等)和其它几个动作动词(如do, begin, work, spend, play stay, happen, have, finish, join, eat, die, meet等)常与现在进行时和表示将来的时间状语连用，表示在最近将要发生某事。这些事是事先安排好的。例如：The Browns are coming to dinner tomorrow. 明天布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭。What are you doing tomorrow? 明天你做什么？The train is arriving at nine oclock.火车将在九点钟到。在特定的上下文中，这类动词有时也可不带时间状语。例如：Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow.Why? Whats happening?明天穿你的旧衣服来上学。为什么？有什么事？四、一般现在时1. 动词be；表示位置转移的动词(如go, come, arrive, leave, return等)和表示“开始，结束”的动词(如start, begin, open, finish, end, close等)与一般现在时和表示将来的时间状语连用，表示时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的动作或事态将要发生，日程不易改变，口气肯定。例如：School finishes on January 18th. 学期一月十八日结束。Are you free next Tuesday evening? 下周二晚上你有空吗？The party starts at four thirty , doesnt it? 晚会四点半开始，是吗？Mr. Green leaves Beijing for home tomorrow. 格林先生定于明天离京返家。2. 在由when, before, as soon as, until / till引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。例如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the East Lake. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去东湖。I must finish my homework before my mother returns. 我必须在妈妈回来之前做完家庭作业。3. 在hope后接表示将来时间的宾语从句中，也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，hope的主语往往是第一人称。例如：I hope you (will) have a good holiday. 我希望你假日愉快。I hope he comes (will come). 我希望他会来。be going to句型 “be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做某事。常与表示将来的时间连用。如：tomorrow, tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening, this evening, next week / month / year等。be是助动词，随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。否定句在be后加not, 一般疑问句将be放句首大写。例如：I am going to have a swim tomorrow. 我打算明天去游泳。They arent going go have any lessons next week. 他们下星期不上课。Is Li Lei going to play basketball after school? 李雷打算放学后去打篮球吗？Where are you going to meet? 你们打算在哪儿见面？On the road outside the school gate. 在校门口的马路上。一般将来时一、一般将来时的动词形式 一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。但是现在第一人称一般也用will，其区别并不明显。二、一般将来时的句式肯定句否定句疑问句I (We) shall (will) go.You (He, She, They) will go.I (We) shall (will) not go.You (He, She, They) will not go.Shall I (we) go?Will you (he, she, they) go?三、一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况：I will (shall) arrive tomorrow. 我明天到。Will you be busy tonight? 你今晚忙吗？注意：在时间或条件状语从句中，一般不能用将来时态，而用其它时态代替。（参考“时间和条件状语从句中的时态”）四、表示将要发生的动作或情况，除了用一般将来时外，还有一些其他结构和时态：1. “be going to+动词原形”表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。如：It is going to rain. 要下雨了。We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。be going to和will相比，be going to通常表示主观，will通常表示客观。如：Next year my little sister will be 10 years old. 明年我妹妹就十岁了。（属客观事实）在表示打算或准备做某事时，如不提时间、条件等时，多用be going to这个结构，用一般将来时是很少的，特别是在口语中：He is going to buy a dictionary. (很少说He will buy a dictionary.) 他打算去买一本字典。2. “be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。如：The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 这个男孩明天要去上学。Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗？3. “be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。如：We are about to leave. 我们马上就走。The film is about to begin. 电影马上就要开始了。4. 一般现在时表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事(限于部分动词，如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等) 如：The meeting starts at five oclock. 会议五点开始。He gets off at the next stop. 他下一站下车。5. 现在进行时表示按计划安排要发生的事(限于某些动词，如：go, come, start, move, sail, leave, arrive, stay等) 如：Im leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。Were having an English evening tonight. 我们今晚有英语晚会。一般将来时小比较 shall, will, be going to三者可以用于表示将来。在英国第一人称用shall，第二、三人称用will；在美国三个人称均用will；在口语里一般多用be going to.例如：“明年我14岁”可译成：Im going to be fourteen years old next year.I shall be fourteen years old next year.I will be fourteen years old next year.在一般疑问句中，在第一人称中可用：Shall I (we) ? Am I? Are we? 表示“建议”；在第二、三人称中可用will you ? will be (she, they)? 也可用Are you (they) going to? Is he (she) going to? 意思相同。例如：1. Shall we go there by bus?Are we going there by bus?2. Will you meet him at the station?Are you going to meet him at the station?3. Will they go to Shanghai tomorrow?Are they going to Shanghai tomorrow?这三对句子分别译成：1. 我们乘公共汽车去那儿好吗？2. 你去车站接他吗？3. 明天他们去上海吗？但以下几点值得注意：一、情态动词shall用于第二、三人称表示：1. 允诺。例如：You shall do exactly as you wish.你可以按你想的做。2. 命令。例如：You shall do as I say.你必须按我说的做。在问句Shall I (we) ？中表示征求对方意见。例如：Shall we go for a walk? 我们去散步好吗？Shall I go with you? 我和你一起去好吗？二、Will可以表示：1. 意愿。例如：Ill do my best to help you. 我愿意尽力帮助你。2. 猜测。例如：Hell be upstairs. 他一定在楼上。3. 习惯动作。例如：He will arrive last and will be the first to leave. 他将是最后到最先走。4. 坚持。例如：Well fight on until final victory is won. 我们一定要战胜到赢得最后的胜利。在问句Will you？中表示“请”、“要求”。例如：Will you have some more tea? 再要一些茶吗？三、be going to 表示将来，一般含有“计划中的”或“从现在看来是必然的”意思。在条件从句的主、从复合句的主句里，因语气不十分肯定，一般不用be going to,而用shall, will。Unit 10 习题精选（一）一、英汉互译。1. sound like 2. 计算机科学 3. fashion show 4. 同时 5. keep fit 6. 飞行员 7. mineral water 8. 火锅 9. fill with 10. 为付款 二、根据句意用适当的单词填空。1. September is the month of a year.2. In China, spring is from to .3. Today is the last day of November. Thats November the 4. 1st is our National Day, and 1st is Childrens Day.5. s the first day of the week, and is the fourth day.6. The last month, that is, the month of a year is .7. Among the four , I like best, because the isnt too hot too cold. and its the for the farmers , too.8. The season in China is winter. It from December三、单项选择。( ) 1. Im going to do some A. shop B. shopping C. shoping D. shop ( ) 2. Im going to have rest after I finish my homework.A. / B. some C. a D. the( ) 3. -Are you going to buy apples?-Yes, .A. I do B. I am C. it is D. they are ( ) 4. The teachers will have a meeting Friday afternoon.A. in B. on C. at D. with( ) 5. There is going to a football game tomorrow.A. have B. be C. has D. is( ) 6. He is going to school .A. in next Sunday B. for next SundayC. to next Sunday D. next Sunday( ) 7. How are you here?A. coming B. going to comeC. coming to D. going( ) 8. In spring, flowers start to .A. come from B. come inC. come out D. come over( ) 9. It rains today than it yesterday.A. much heavily; had B. more heavily; wasC. much heavily; was D. more heavily; did( ) 10. - .-Yes, it is.A. It really is a hot day today B. It is really a hot day todayC. It is a really hot day today D. It is a hot really day today.四、阅读理解。One day some beggars (乞丐) were sitting under a tree to have a rest. They saw many people coming and going. One of the beggars said, Look! These people are very busy. They must go to work or go home. They must work or do a lot of housework. But we neednt go to work and we neednt do any housework. We are very happy! Another beggar said loudly (大声地)， “You are right. How happy we are!” At that time, another beggar said, Ah.Dont say that so loudly or the people on the road will envy (嫉妒) us.”根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。( ) 1. The beggars were sitting inside a house.( ) 2. Many people were coming and going on the road.( ) 3. The beggars were happy because they were free.( ) 4. Many people envied the beggars.( ) 5. The beggars envied the people on the road.答案：一、略。二、1. ninth 2. March, May 3. thirtieth 4. October, June 5. Sunday, Wednesday 6. twelfth, December 7. seasons, autumn, weather, or, harvest season 8. fourth, lasts, to February三、15 BCBBB 610 DACDB四、1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. FUnit 10 习题精选（二）一、根据中文提示写单词。1. My uncle us a _（业余的）writer.2. I want to be a _（新闻记者）.3. Is she an art _（编辑）?4. My father is going to study _（经济学）.5. There is a _（时装）show on the street.6. I, going to hold stamp _（展览）tomorrow.7. These _（游客）come from England.8. Theyre going to take _（艺术）lessons.二、单项选择。( ) 1. What did you have _ lunch?A. as B. like C. for D. to ( ) 2. Can you _ English? Yes, but only _.A. say, a little B. speak, a little C. talk, few D. speak, little ( ) 3. Is there _ todays newspaper?A. anything interesting in B. something interesting in C. anything interesting D. something interesting on ( ) 4. _ bad news it is!A. What B. How C. What a D. How a ( ) 5. His answer is different _.A. about us B. from us C. about ours D. from ours ( ) 6. What _ you _ next week?A. are, doing B. /, doing C. do, do D. are, going to do ( ) 7. The boy with his mother _ to see his aunt every month.A. go B. goes C. are going D. is going ( ) 8. We are going to _ the film tomorrow.A. see B. look C. look for D. look at( ) 9. _ going to travel all over the world.A. The Smith is B. The Smith are C. The Smith isnt D. The Smiths are ( ) 10. Im going to do _.A. what do I want to do B. what to do C. what I want to do D. I want to do what三、用适当的介词填空。1. She is looking _ a job _ China now.2. I want to communicate better _ their kids.3. Its time _ supper. What _ going out a walk after supper?4. Kate goes to _ London _ her parents every years.5. Does you father come _ Beijing?6. Some of the students go to school _ bike, others _ foot.7. My grandpa goes _ a walk near the river _ supper every evening.8. She reads English _ school.四、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Her father _（come）back in an hour.2. What _ your uncle _（do）? He is a worker.3. If you _（not go）soon, you will be late.4. Jim is good at _（swim）.5. Who _（take）part in the party last night?6. I am sure he _（be）a good boy next year.7. I picked up the pen and _（give）it back to Mr. Wang.8. Do you know the girl _（call）Mary?五、阅读理解。Mary is a nice English girl, but she lives in Pairs. She is six and a half years old. Her mother says to her, “Youre six and a half years old now, Mary, and you are going to go to school here. Im sure you will like it very much. It is a nice school.”“Is it an English school?” Mary asks.“Yes, it is.” Her mother says.It is September and the new school year begins. Mary goes to school every day. She likes her lessons very much and works hard at them. Her mothe