dare的两种用法.docVIP

dare的两种用法Dare的意思是“有勇气做某事”，它也有两种用法：dare 作实义动词* as an ordinary verb followed by an infinitive with to, with s in the third person singular and with questions and negatives formed with do:作为实义动词时，接带to的不定式，第三人称单数作主语时加s，疑问句和否定句用do来构成：He never dares to criticise her for wasting money and she doesnt dare to interrupt him when hes working.他从不敢批评她浪费钱，而她不敢打扰他工作。dare 作情态动词作为情态助动词时，接不带to的不定式，第三人称单数作主语时不加s，疑问句和否定句不需要用do来构成：Dare she tell him what she thinks about him? She darent say anything. He will only shout at her. How dare you speak to me like that? he will say.她敢告诉他她对他的想法吗？她什么也不敢说。他只会对着她咆哮：“你怎敢那样对我说话？”他肯定会这么说。比较Differences in use are not as fixed or clear cut between doesnt dare to and darent as they are between doesnt need to and neednt, except in expressions or collocations such as:doesnt dare to与darent在用法上的差别不像doesnt need to和neednt那么固定或清晰，除了在以下这些表达和搭配中：* How dare you?你怎么敢？eg: How dare you walk away when Im talking to you?我在跟你说话的时候你怎么敢走开？* I dare you to我谅你不敢I dare you to go up to him and ask him for a date.我谅你也不敢走到他面前请他跟你约会。* I dare say我敢说I dare say youre pretty hungry after all that cycling.我敢说你骑了那么久后肯定饿死了。In this last example, I dare say means I suppose.最后一例中的I dare say的意思是I suppose，我料想。情态动词如何表猜测情态动词用于肯定猜测1. must用于肯定句，表示较有把握的推测，意为“准是，一定”。后面接动词原形，表示对现在的推测。如：-Ive had no sleep for 48 hours. 我已经48小时没睡觉了。-You must be very tired. 你一定很累了。2. should用于肯定句中，语气次之，意为“很可能，应该”，指按常理推测。如：They left yesterday. They should be home by now. 他们昨天就离开了，现在该到家了。3. can用在肯定句中，表示理论上的可能性。如：Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟有可能引起癌症。4. may用在肯定句中，表示对现在把握不大的推测，意为“也许，可能”。如：Dont play with the knife. You may cut yourself. 不要玩小刀，你可能会伤了自己。5. could, might也可表示推测意义，常用在过去时态中；但在某些场合下，为了使语气更缓和、更委婉，常用could, might代替can, may。如：They saw something in the sky last night. It could/might be a UFO. 昨天晚上他们看见天空中有个东西。它有可能是不明飞行物。You may/might/could be very tired. 你可能很累吧！情态动词用于否定猜测1. 表示否定的推测时，cant/couldnt语气最强，指“不可能”，带有惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。如：The story sounds reasonable, but it cant be true. 这个故事听起来合情合理，但不可能是真的。2. 语气不很肯定时，常用may not或might not表否定推测，意为“可能不，也许不”。如：He may not/might not be at home. 他可能不在家。情态动词用于疑问句表猜测疑问句中的推测，常用can或could，意为“可能”。如：Who can it be? Can it be Jenny? 那会是谁呢？是珍妮吗？The money has disappeared! Who could have taken it? 钱不见了！会是谁拿去的呢？Oh, how could you be so stupid? 哦，你怎么会这么愚蠢呢can have done用法小结can have done 通常只用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句时表否定推断，推测肯定没做；用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”，表示怀疑。例如：Can he have done such a foolish thing? (= Is it possible ?)他会做这样的傻事吗？（表怀疑）He cant have taken it home.他不可能把它带回家了。（表不可能）could have donecould have done 可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做，有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，也可以表示对过去动作的推测；用于否定句和疑问句的情况与can have done相同。例如：You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.你本可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力而为。（表惋惜）This glass is cracked. Someone could have dropped it.这个玻璃杯破了。可能是谁把它掉在地上了。（表推测过去）Could he have left the work unfinished?他会丢下工作不干了？（表怀疑）He couldnt have checked out so early.他不可能这么早就离开了。（表不可能）注意：cant have done 的语气比 couldnt have done 要强一些。例如：He cant have been to that town.他根本不可能去过那座城市。（语气略强）The measurement couldnt have been wrong.测量不可能出错了吧。（语气稍弱）may have done用法小结may/might have done 推测过去“may/might+动词的完成式”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。例如：-Whatever has happened to George?-乔治发生了什么事?-I dont know. He may have got lost.-我不知道，他可能迷路了。You might have read about it in the papers.你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。（之前我们做过can have done用法小结，can have done表推测时都是对过去进行推测，但是may have done不仅可以推测过去）may/might have done 推测现在“may/might+动词的完成式”表示对现在情况的推测。例如：She might have got up now.现在她可能已经起床了。may/might have done 预测未来“may/might+动词的完成式”表示推测将来某时之前的情况。例如：He may have left when you get there.等你到达的时候他可能已经离开了。注意：may have done 和 might have done 表推测时，might 所表示的可能性比 may 小，语气较委婉：How quickly time passed! It might have happened yesterday.时间过得好快啊！这事好像就发生在昨天。He might have seen the surprise in my face.他或许已经看到了我惊异的表情。might have done 表轻微责备might have done 除了能够表推测，还能表示过去本来可以做而实际并没有做。这时带有轻微的责备之意。例如：The proposal might have been refused.这个建议本该拒绝的。（有轻微的责备之意）I might have taken another path.我本可以走另一条路。may not/mightnt have done 表“可能不”之前我们讲到过 cant/couldnt have done 是表示“不可能”，而 may not/mightnt have done 则是表示“可能不”，要注意区分哦：He cant have been at the meeting, hes on a business trip this week.他不可能有出席会议，他这周出公差。We couldnt have done it without you.没有你我们肯定完成不了。They may not have known it beforehand.他们事先可能不知道这事儿。They mightnt have regarded me as their friend.他们可能没有把我当作朋友看待。如何表达本来该做某事？should have done“should have + 动词的完成式”表示本应该做而实际上没有做，它的否定形式表示某种行为本不该发生但却发生了。有责备的意味。You should have started earlier, but you didnt.你本应该早点儿出发，但是你没有。You should have washed the wound.你应该已经洗好了伤口。She shouldnt have taken away my dictionary, for I wanted to use it.她本不应该拿走我的词典，因为我要用它。You shouldnt have been so rude to him.你本不应该对他那么粗鲁。注：“should have + 完成式”虽然可以表猜测，但因为会造成歧义，应少用。ought to have done1、“ought to have + 动词的完成式”表示过去应做某事而实际未做，它的否定形式表示本不应该做某事却做了（用法和should相同）。You ought to have helped him, but you didnt.你本应该帮助他但你没有。You ought to have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的。He ought not to have stopped his work halfway.他本不应该做这项工作时半途而废。He oughtnt to have done that.他本来就不该做那件事。2、“ought to have + 动词的完成式”还可以用来表猜测。They ought to have arrived by now.现在他们想必已经到达。If he had started at nine oclock, he ought to have been in London by eleven oclock.如果他在九点出发，那他十一点钟该到达伦敦了助动词的用法常见的助动词有：be（无词义），do（无词义），have（无词义），shall 将要，will 将要。一、be 的助动词用法be 作为助动词，用来构成进行时态和被动语态。如：We are working hard in the garden.（构成现在进行时）我们在花园里辛勤劳动。The house was painted purple.（构成被动语态）房子被刷成紫色的。二、do 的助动词用法do 作为助动词，用来构成疑问句、否定句、强调句。如：Do you live in Shanghai?（构成疑问句）你住在上海吗？I dont like to have hamburgers.（构成否定句）我不喜欢吃汉堡包。Do come please.（构成强调句）一定要来。三、have 的助动词用法have 作为助动词，用来构成完成时态。如：Have you finished the work?（构成现在完成时）你的工作完成了没有？四、shall 和 will 的助动词用法shall 和 will 作为助动词，用来构成将来时态。如：I will call you this evening.（构成一般将来时）今晚我会打电话给你。What shall we do next week?下个星期我们做什么？动词如何接ing1、一般在词尾加inghelp-helping 帮助look-looking 看plant-planting 种植work-working 工作2、以不发音的e结尾的词，先去e，再加inglive-living 居住hope-hoping 希望change-changing 变化3、名词以y结尾时直接加ingplay-playing 玩stay-staying 逗留study-studying 学习carry-carrying 运送4、以ie结尾的动词，先将ie变为y，再加ingdie-dying 死lie-lying 躺；撒谎tie-tying 绑5、以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，然后再加ingdrop-dropping 掉落begin-beginning 开始run-running 跑prefer-preferring 更喜欢6、少数双音节动词，尽管重音不在后面，可以双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加ingtravel-traveling （美语）旅行travel-travelling（英语）旅行动词如何接ed英语中在描述过去发生的事情时，动词是要发生变形的，也就是我们所说的动词的过去式和过去分词。在规则变化中，一般就是在动词后加上ed，今天我们就来看看该如何接吧1. 一般在词尾加“-ed”help-helped-helped 帮助look-looked-looked 看plant-planted-planted 种植work-worked-worked 工作2. 以不发音e结尾的词加“-d”live-lived-lived 居住hope-hoped-hoped 希望change-changed-changed 变化3. 名词以“元音字母y”结尾时，加“-ed”；以“辅音字母y”结尾时，变 y为i，再加“ed”play-played-played 玩stay-stayed-stayed 逗留study-studied-studied 学习carry-carried-carried 运送4. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，然后再加ed。drop-dropped-dropped 掉落stop-stopped-stopped 停止plan-planned-planned 计划prefer-preferred-preferred 更喜欢5. 少数双音节动词，尽管重音不在后面，可以双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加ed。travel-traveled-traveled（美语）旅行travel-trav