高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义16.doc

公共英语3级精讲班第16讲讲义DialogueDialogue 1:A tourist is looking for the Tourist Information center and asks a passerby for directions.1. Im trying to locate the Tourist Information Center.我正在找旅行咨询中心。locate 1) 找出，指出（某人、某事物）的准确位置或地点locate an electrical faultlocate a town on a mapIm trying to locate Mr. Smith.2) be located 将（某物）设置在某处A new factory is to be located on this site.The information office is located in the city center.2. I always seem to get lost when I try to follow directions.当我听从别人方向时，总是迷路。Dialogue 2:A tourist wants to go to the Brooklyn Museum and asks a passerby for directions.1. As soon as I get underground I lose my sense of direction.我一进地铁就没有方向感。lose the sense of direction2. Say, Im going in that direction. Ill show you where it is.我正朝着那个方向走，我告诉你它在什么地方。Ill show you where it is.宾语从句用陈述句语序。3. Think nothing of it.没关系。Monologue 1:May Hunter is at a travel conference and exhibition in Manchester, England. She is talking about her first and second day there.1. Its full of life, lots to see and do in the evenings.它到处充满生机，在晚上有很多地方可以参观有很多方式可以娱乐。2. It seems as if I am going to enjoy myself here for the coming day.看起来我在即将到来的日子里可以在这儿充分享受了。the coming day 即将到来的日子3. I went to the conference to register and to set up my exhibition stand.我到会议去注册并且准备我的展览摊位。4. Things are going well.一切都顺利。5. I set out our brochures ready for the official opening.我们摆放好我们的宣传书册等着正式开幕。set out 安排或摆放Well need to set out chairs for the meeting.She set out the pieces on the chess-board.Dialogue 3:1. Sally Brown, a journalist, is talking with Peter Smith, a government official in charge of transport planning, about the transport policy he is working on.记者莎莉布朗正在和负责交通规划的政府官员彼得史密斯关于他正在计划的交通政策进行交谈。1）in charge of 处于控制或支配某人、某物的地位Whos in charge here?He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.2）work on 忙于做某事He is working on a new novel.2. By the year 1700, Britain had a whole network of canals and rivers.到1700年，英国已经有了一个运河和湖泊交通的一个完整的系统。3. With a bit of forward planning, we could still move constructions materials by waterway, though Id agree that the main potential of the canal routes today is the recreational use.虽然，我得承认运河交通今天的潜在作用主要是娱乐作用。未来计划中，我们仍然用水路来运输建筑材料。forward 向着将来的，向着未来的from this time forwardLook forward and consider the advantages of a larger house.4. Britains rail network is still second to none.英国的铁路交通是世界上第一的。second to none 不亚于任何事物和人As a dancer, he is second to none.5. A lot of our trade s with Europe and before the Channel Tunnel, there was a very good container industry. The containers could either be hooked onto lorries or loaded onto ships. Why not adapt the rail network to allow it to cope with containers?铁我们的很多贸易都是和欧洲进行的，在运河隧道之前，我们有非常好的集装箱工业。集装箱的货品或者使用卡车运送或者使用船只运送。为什么不使用铁路来运送集装箱的物品呢？1) be hooked onto 和-联系在一起2) adapt - to - 适应（新环境）Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.6. You couldnt have loading bays and cranes at every station along the line.在沿线每个车站你们没有卸货港和起重机吗？7. No, but you could have freight terminals in each of our major cities. Loading could take place during the night to avoid congestion.是的，但是你们在主要城市肯定有货物集散地。为了避免拥挤我们晚上必需装货。1）freight terminals 货物集散地2）loading 装货8. Disabled people will be given taxi vouchers and there will still be ambulances driven by professionals.我们会给残疾人发放出租车的代金券，并且由专业人士驾驶救护车。PassagePassageBackground knowledge:1. Capitol Building 国会大厦2. Museums of Smithsonian Institution 史密森博物院3. The National Air and Space Museum 国家航空博物馆4. National History Museum 国家历史博物馆5. Hope Diamond 希望之星钻石6. National Portrait Gallery 国家肖像展览馆7. National Museum of American Art 美国艺术国家博物馆8. The Washington Monument 华盛顿纪念碑9. tidal basin 美国华盛顿中心的一个湖，与波托马克河相同。10. Jefferson Memorial 杰斐逊纪念碑11. A memorial to Franklin Roosevelt 富兰克林罗斯福纪念碑12. White House 白宫13. the National Zoo 国家动物园14. the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国15. the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 无名烈士墓16. Arlington National Cemetery 阿灵顿国家公墓17. the National Symphony 国家交响乐团Language points:1. Washington, D.C. serves as the seat of government for the United States of America.华盛顿特区是美国政府所在地。serve as 在某地承担某项职位/起到某项作用He served as a naval officer during the war.She has served her country as a civil servant.2. Over the course of over 200 years, Washington, D.C. has grown with the nation, and it now represents the very best of America.1) over/in the course of 在-的过程中2) best 最好的人，最好的东西She wants the best of everything.He was acting from the best of motives.3. The immerse open space of the Mall is marked off by the various museums of the Smithsonian Institution, the largest cluster of museums in the world.首都广场的大片空地被史密森博物院的各种不同的博物馆所划分，它是世界上最大的博物馆聚集区。1) mark off 标明界限以划分某物We have marked the playing area off with a white line.2) cluster 群、堆、组、团、串A cluster of houses/ speculators/ bees/islands/ diamonds/stars4. Visitors also line up for the Natural History Museum to learn about the sciences and to view the famous Hope Diamond参观者排队参观自然历史博物馆学习科学知识并且参观文明的希望之光钻石。line up 排队做某事line up the suspects5. It is second only to New York in number of theatre seats.它剧院座位的数目仅次与纽约。ExercisesExercises:Use of English2. available,可得到的 invaluable,价值高的无法估量的，宝贵的 accountable,对-负责的 incredible难以置信的，不能相信的7. numerous, 很多的notable,值得注意的，显著的 countable,可数食物 curious，好奇的9. themed,以-为主题的 schemed, 计划的famed，以勇敢著称的12. imaginable, 可想象的inspirable,启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的 improvable可以改进的17. volumes, 体积、容量、音量 20. hospitality, 好客creativity,创造性 originality创新Reading Comprehension Part A1. 第一段第二句“People can never forget their first sight of the canyon and it will never fail to impress or offer something new, no matter how often they visit.”。2. 第二段第一句“Ninety percent of visitors see only the South Rim since it is easily accessible and the main road parallels the canyon for some distance.”。3. 第三段第二句“The remote Tuweep area to the northwest can be reached by several dirt tracks of over 60 miles starting fro US 89 in Utah and offers some spectacular viewpoints, but most of the canyon is completely inaccessible by road.4. 第四段第一句“As others have said, sometimes the scale and extent of the Grand Canyon is disconcerting too vast to take in at first sight, but a hike down beneath the rim gives a more intimate and manageable perspective.”。5. 最后一段最后一句“Prospective hikers should be aware of the National Park Service（NPS）guidelines for exploring the canyon, and take suitable precautions.Part B6. 第一段第三句“This book was published in 1997 when the political and economic situations in the Philippines were radically different.”。7. 第二段最后一句“These are highly accurate, although some have been under-rated, in my opinion.”。8. 第三段第一句“Philippines Handbook presents nearly five centuries of written history and knowledge about a people often called “Malay, Madrid, and Madison Avenue”。9. 第四段第一句“Philippines Guide offers a wide range of accommodations, from plush seaside resorts and top-notch hotels to simple, homey inns and guesthouses in off-the-beaten-track locations.”。10. 最后一段第二句“He has spent several months over the last five years covering dozens of places, from the bustling capital to remote, untouched wilderness areas, capturing more than 15,000 images”。句子结构句子结构4. 强调句结构常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。 It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。It is from the sun that we get light and heat.It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.典型例题1） It was last night _ I see the comet.A.the timeB.when C.thatD.which 答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 who，其余用that。原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. 2）It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. thatB. when C. since D. as 答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 It isthat，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。 It is /was +时间+ since其中is has been was had been.用助动词进行强调强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。She does like this horse.她的确喜欢这匹马。Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。5 反意疑问句1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7)陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9)陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12)陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?Lets go