ENGLISHREADINGWRITINGANDTRANSLATION_人教版英语PPT课件下载.ppt

高中英语人教版 精品系列课件,english reading writing and translation for non-english major professional degree postgraduates 2012 专业学位2012级研究生英语读写译 ,kunming university of science and technology faculty of foreign languages & cultures instructor: jinyu yang 杨瑾瑜 associate professor mobile:class mailbox: password: 08kmust,week 1 monday & wedsday course syllabus,course description * course objectives * course requirement * course grading * course schedule (see another written document) exemption *,course description,course name: english reading, writing and translation credits: 2 points total class hours: 18 weeks plus 1 exam week subjects: 2012 non-english major professional degree postgraduates, class 11 (31ps), 12 (38ps) and 13 (42 ps). textbook: english for graduate students - reading, writing and translation” (1st edition)研究生英语读写译教程（第一版）, chongqing university press, september, 2011.,this course intends to cultivate postgraduates way of thinking in english develop students skills in reading, speaking, listening, translation and writing focus on the translation and writing skills, which are of vital importance in future career and survival in this competitive world of “global village”. reading, listening and speaking are practicing in and out of classroom to help students to obtain the up-to-date information about their specialization and communicate with foreign academic and business experts.,in reading, the students are required to finish all the reading materials assigned including the texts and further readings in unit 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 18, with unit 12 as a back-up, which makes nine units in total to learn during this semester depending on time allowance. if teachers find no time to deal with units 12, they will assign it as self-study units and check it in class by whatever means each teacher finds suitable.,in writing, the students are required to learn summary and practical writing skills including research proposal, rsum, abstract writing, and etc. in translation, the students are required to learn basic translating skills and some practical translation such as business letter, rsum, abstract in english-chinese translation or vice versa. *,course objectives,this course aims at cultivating postgraduates way of thinking in english and to develop their skills in reading, writing, translation, speaking and listening. after this semester ends the students will be able to express themselves in english both orally and in written words and capable of different styles of practical writing and translation.,method: student-centered combined with teachers explanation. specifically, power point presentation, questions and answers, group discussion, etc. *,course requirement,students are not allowed to answer phone calls in the classroom and no ring is allowed neither. no absence is allowed. if there is an emergency or illness, please submit the note for leave. your leaves cannot exceed 4 times (8 periods) or you will not be allowed to take part in the final exam unless you get an exemption from graduate department. students are not allowed to ask for leave except for emergency that means asking for leave to do field work with your supervisors is not allowed without exemption from school of graduate studies. no lateness is allowed. 10-minute late will be counted as absence.,students should do preview, homework and review according to the instructors assignment or you will lose marks. if a student does not speak in class or take part in class activities he will lose marks. no smoking and cutting nails in classroom. no cheating in tests or exams. please clean up your desk when leave. *,course grading,40% of performance + 60% of final exam performance: 10%: attendance 10%: homework 20%: class performance notes: 4 absences (8 periods) from the class result in failure in final examination; within 4, each absence produces 2 points deduced from the 20 points; homework includes preview, review and exercises; class performance means participating in class activities such as dictation, presentation, questions and answers, group discussion, role play etc. *,exemption,for those graduate students who meet the following criteria can be exempted from studying this course and receive 80 points for their final grades. postgraduates who have passed the cet 6 or pets 5 within the latest 5 years; postgraduates who have passed the national graduate entrance examination and scored over 70 (100%) points. *,welcome to this course and wish you a happy and a hard- working semester!,翻译技巧（一）翻译的概述,whats translation? what are the three stages of translating process? what is the standard of translation?,翻译的性质: 传达意义 translating the meaning of one language (original language) into another language (target language). 翻译的过程：理解、表达、校核 翻译的标准：忠实、通顺 练习 把下面的英语段落翻译成汉语。 没有哪个政治体制是完美的；但是很多美国人都会告诉你，如果他们会嫉妒我们的一样东西的话，那就是我们英国传统的为期三周的大选，因为它的简洁就是一种仁慈-是对选民和政治家们双方的仁慈：他们拿它跟美国四年一度的总统选举中进行的那些耗时几个月的战争相比。,把下面的汉语段落翻译成英语。 someone has once prophesied that once cigarettes disappear from the surface of the earth, the whole world may be in chaos. this might be an exaggeration, but the dander of smoking should not be underestimated. smoking is a curse affecting the whole globe. lets put foreign countries aside. china alone has hundreds of millions of smokers. addicted smokers often say that it would be more difficult for them to endure the suffering of two hours without smoking a cigarette than that of a day without having meals. smoking pollutes the air and dangers the health, consequently increasing the incidence of lung cancer greatly.,writing skills how to write a summary,what is summary? how to writing a summary? read pp 240-242 carefully. definition of a summary: a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a piece of writing, which should be concise 简明的, complete, accurate, coherent条理清楚的 and objective.,tips: skim the text for the general theme analyze the structure: how many parts it has? write down the key supporting points for each main idea. organize the main and the related supporting points in a logical order check the finished summary sample: read the passage and study the example of a summary carefully on p 242 practice: write a summary of the text in unit 3.,翻译技巧二 直译与意译,直译 (literal translation): keeping the content and the form identical with the original version when doing translation. it is not word-for-word translation. for example: dry battery 干电池 sing a different tune 唱反调 真金不怕火炼。true gold fears no fire. 意译 (liberal translation): conveying the meaning, rather than form, of the original version when doing translation. usually focusing on the “smoothness” of the translated version. for example wanted 受通缉的 lick sbs boots 拍马屁 明枪易躲，暗箭难防。 false friends are worse than bitter enemies.,keys to the exercises: 用直译法翻译下列的词语、惯用语和句子： （1）开胃酒 （2）水果蛋糕 （3）童装 （4）人工语言 （5）门铃 （6）访问学者 （7）走下坡路 （8）扣帽子/加标签于某人（9）随大流 （10）overtime pay （11）peanut oil （12）rice flour （13）academic journal （14）woman editor （15） evening paper （16）tear up by the roots （17）get in by the backdoor （18）paper tiger (19) 必须注意到,电流是与每次电阻减少成比例地增加的。 (20) we will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems.,用意译法翻译下列的词语、惯用语和句子： （1）公共电话亭 （2）公务员 （3）社论 （4）太平梯 （5）消防站 （6）妓女 （7）耍花招 （8）绕圈子/旁敲侧击（9）奉承某人/灌米汤 （10）bell-bottom （11）waterproof （12）social butterfly （13）traffic light （14）pickings （15）poor-mouth （16）spout hot air （17）put on airs （18）overcharge （19）他决不会干这种事。 （20）rubber easily gives way to pressure. 翻译下列段落。 除此以外，女性还对当代男性存有一点点矛盾的期望强壮而又敏感，成功而又不那么物质化，体贴而又阳刚这种期待本身就是不可实现的。随着性别角色的转变，每件事情都要谈判，或者说是争执。,unit 3 gms & asean adbs gms program,objectives: understand the main idea of the text: what does the author want to tell us in the text? understand the structure of the text: how does he organize his idea? learn to express your idea in english by using the vocabulary, expressions and sentence patterns youve learnt in text: how does he give his thought in written words? which words, expressions or sentences that youve found useful in the text?,learn to write a rsum. how to write a rsum? what are those tips of writing a rsum? learn translation skill 3 - 增译与简译 whats amplification and what is omission? what elements can be added and what can be omitted? time spent：8 periods, i.e., 5 periods on text learning and the exercises, 1 period on further reading and 2 periods for translation and rsum writing.,preview：prepare the following questions how much do you know about gms? what is the chinese meaning of gms? how many countries dose gms comprise? what natural resources does gms possess? what function do paragraph 1 and 2 perform in the text? how is the text organized? prepare questions 1-5 in a of exercises i. text comprehension on p 42 and bring your answers to the class.,origin of gms: the gms is a natural economic area bound together by the mekong river. the gms covers 2.6 million square kilometers and has a combined population of around 326 million. in 1992, with assistance from the asian development bank (adb), the six countries of the gms launched a program of sub-regional economic cooperation to enhance their economic relations, building on their shared histories and cultures. the gms program, with support from adb and other agencies, helps implement high-priority高优先级sub-regional projects in nine sectors (see program sectors).,background information,three csconnectivity连接性, competitiveness, and community社区,团体: the gms program has adopted a three-pronged有三叉的 strategythe 3csto reach its vision of a prosperous, integrated整合的, and harmonious sub-region. this means: connectivity in the sub-region through sustainable development of infrastructure and transnational economic corridors; improving competitiveness through efficient cross-border跨国界的 movement of people and goods, and integrated markets and production processes, thereby easing the sub-regions integration into the global economy; building a greater sense of community through programs that address shared social and environmental concerns.,the “economic corridor” approach recognizes that development entails必然导致infrastructure integrated with other economic opportunities. these include trade and investment, and efforts to address social and other impacts arising from increased connectivity. the gms countries have formed an economic corridors forum to bolster加强 efforts in transforming gms transport corridors into economic corridors. it is designed to enhance collaboration among areas along the corridors and among gms sector working groups, and will act as a single body focusing on economic corridor development. this will help improve interaction between the public and private sectors, and between central and local governments.,cambodia has been an active participant in the gms program since the programs inception in 1992. the 11th ministerial conference was held in phnom penh pnmpen金边 in september 2002. the first gms summit of leaders was held in phnom penh in november 2002. the second summit was held in kunming, prc in july 2005. questions: can you match each country with its national flag?,1,5,4,2,3,6,can you identify each of the 6 countries location on the map? *,text analysis,how many aspects does the text talk about? five aspects. part 1: (para. 1 to para. 2 ): general introduction of gms part 2: (para. 3 to para. 6 ): gms resources part 3: (para. 7 to para. 8 ): the gms program part 4: (para. 9 to para. 19 ): gms plan of action part 5: (para. 20 ): adbs role in the gms program,part 1 introduction what do paragraph 1 and 2 focus on? a general introduction of gms: members, economic potential, natural resources, etc. what are those advantages and disadvantages that gms have? * where does gms get its financial support? * what is the aim of gms? * translate paragraph 1 and 2 into chinese. *,advantages: * an area with immense economic potential and rich natural resources an area with large population with the fastest economic growth rates in the world with funding from different sources. disadvantages: poverty, environmental degradation and lack of human resources differential social development and governance structures externally-driven sub-regional integration,financial support: * international organizations including adb foreign governments non-governmental organizations (ngos) private investments *,aim: to achieve true integration and cooperation among the 6 member nations and to pave the way for sustainable development and prolonged peace in this region.,hinder阻碍 poverty贫困 cooperation合作; integration整合;一体化 multilateral多国（或多方）参加的，多边的 fund-funding资助 pave the way for为铺平道路 e.g. the proposals will pave the way for a speedy resolution to the problem. 这些提议将为该问题的迅速解决铺平道路。 prolong延长 e.g. two countries prolonged signing an agreement until details could be agreed on. 两国推迟签约直到就细节达成协议。,参考译文：亚洲开发银行的大湄公河次区域合作规划 1 大湄公河次区域是亚洲开发银行（亚行）的创意，它最初由五个国家和一个省份组成-他们分别是柬埔寨王国，缅甸联邦，泰王国，越南社会主义共和国，老挝人民民主共和国和中华人民共和国的云南省。 2 大湄公河次区域是一个拥有巨大经济潜力和丰富自然资源的区域。七千多万的人民生活在湄公河盆地，整个次区域将近两亿六千万人。大湄公河次区域也经历了世界上最快的经济增长率。然而贫穷、环境的恶化和人力资源的缺乏以及不同的社会发展和治理结构阻碍了可持续和公平发展。自六个成员国于1992年开始合作以来，大湄公河次区域经历了空前的整合进程。通过国际组织、非政府组织和私人投资的资金支持和多边合作，大湄公河次区域经历了经济的迅速发展。然而至今大湄公河次区域的整合主要是通过国际组织，尤其是亚洲开发银行和外国政府的资金从外部的驱动。为了在六个成员国之间达到真正意义上的整合和合作，创立新的大湄公河次区域精神是很有必要的。在最初开始的15年后，该区域的双边和多边合作进一步增强，其公民的认同感也进一步加深，这一切将为这个历史上麻烦不断的区域提供长期的和平以及为该地区的可持续发展铺平道路。,part 2 gms resources what are those natural resources in gms? * what lifestyles do the great majority of people in gms live? what rapid changes and improvements do gms countries experience and since when? what are the challenges that the gms countries are facing with? translate para. 6 into chinese. *,yield 出产 petroleum = petrol or gas石油 fishery渔业；水产业 abundant丰富的 considerable reserves储量; resources资源 lifestyle 生活方式 in parallel with与同时 the highway runs parallel with the railway. 这条公路与那条铁路平行。 the two experiments are run in parallel. 这两个实验是同时进行的。,in terms of 就而言, 从方面说来 he referred to your work in terms of high praise. 他对你的工作大加赞扬。 he thought of everything in terms of money. 他是从钱的角度来看每一件事。 labor mobility 劳动力流动性 hydropower水电 address考虑处理 i addressed my letter to him personally. 我以个人名义给他寄信。 a fundamental problem has still to be addressed. 还有一个基本问题要处理。,rich energy resources like timber, minerals, coal * rural: subsistence, semi-subsistence agricultural lifestyles. in living standards and conditions since 1990s: a transition to modernization and industrialization; a shift from subsistence farming to more diversified economies, and to more open, market-based systems; growing commercial relations among the six mekong countries reducing disparities between ruban and rural communities; narrow growing gap between rich and poor; ,译文： 6 这些挑战包括：减少都市与乡村之间的差距；缩短贫富之间的差异；关注少数民族的特殊需要；考虑处理性别的不平等；改善并普及基本医疗健康和教育；保护人们传统上赖以生存的环境。,part 3 the gms program whats gms program? whats the aim of gms program? who finance the program? what are those high priority sub-regional projects?,economic cooperation to promote development through closer economic linages; to help the implementation of high priority sub-regional projects. adb, foreign governments, non-governmental organizations (ngos), private investments transport, energy, telecommunications, altogether 9 projects.,donor捐赠者 extend: 1. 延长；2. 发放 the bank will extend your loan, should the need arise. 如果出现这种需要，银行将延长你的贷款期 extend a loan 发放贷款 bank: loan贷款, deposit, credit, withdraw, interest, balance, atm =automatic teller machine grant 拨款,part 4 gms plan of action whats poa and what role does it play? what did the 13th gms ministerial conference introduce? what did poa implement? what did the second gms leaders summit carry out? what consensus did gms leaders reach? what points does this part discuss?,poa is plan of action. its role is to guide the gms programs activities in the medium term. it introduced an innovation that has set a new standard for ministerial meetings and produced a plan of action. poa identified important projects and activities that are focused, prioritized, coordinated, and with clear timelines. it serves as a concise road map for cooperative action in the medium term in the 9 priority sectors of gms cooperation. it reviewed and endorsed the poa. to accelerate the implementation of the cross border transport agreement, improve , transform, and implement ,thrust 1.n.目标; 2.v.插；戳 anti-americanism became the main thrust of their policy.反美主义成了他们政策的主要风向标。 he thrust at his opponent with his sword. 他用剑刺向对手。 innovation革新, 创新 too strict a regulatory system will stifle innovation. 过于严格的监管制度会扼杀创新。 ministerial conference部长会议 in the short/ medium/ long term 中/长期,commitment 约定，义务 i cannot make such a commitment at the moment. 此刻我不能作出这样的承诺。 timeline时间轴/线 initiative 1. 动议；2. 首创 china welcomed the us initiative. 中国欢迎美国提出的改善两国关系的提议。 california took the initiative in banning smoking in public places. 加利福尼亚州率先禁止在公共场所吸烟。 promote促进;推销 biotechnology生物技术 renewable energy可更新的能源,constraint to限制, 约束 they would be able to talk without constraint. 他们可以毫无拘束地谈话。 livestock家畜 biodiversity conservation corridors initiative (bci)生物多样性保护走廊举措 communicable disease传染性疾病 hrd cooperation 人力资源合作 strategic framework for action in trade facilitation and investment 贸易促进与投资行动战略框架 business forum 商业论坛,part 5 adbs role in the gms program what role does adb play in the gms program? adbs role: adb plays a multifaceted多方面的role in the gms program: as financier, providing financing and assistance to the gms countries; as technical and advisory support for many activities under the gms program; as secretariat秘书处 and coordinator of the gms program; as honest broker, supporting subregional dialogue at the political and operational levels, and among stakeholders风险共担者 of the gms program; as catalyst催化剂, by bringing together the different participants in the gms program, and helping them reach consensus on key issues.,summarize the text:,homework,write a summary of the text. prepare a 5-