重新理解-名词性从句.doc

名词性从句-主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句如题所示，名词性从句包括四种，即：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。那么它们的本质究竟是什么呢？其实“名词性从句”这五个字已经很好的解释了一切，就是用一个句子（从句）充当另一个句子（主句）的名词性成分（主语，宾语，表语，同位语）。要点：三种句子充当四种句子成分英语中大致有五类句子，包括陈述句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，感叹句，祈使句。这五类句子中除了后两类，其他的三类都可以用来作从句，充当主句的名词性成分，即三种句子充当四种橘子成分。名词性从句的学习既是围绕着这个要点学习的过程。一陈述句She has a lot of money.上面已经说过，陈述句可以充当名词成分，用来表示一件事，可以做主语，宾语，表语，同位语。但并不是直接将陈述句放在主，宾，表等相关位置，需要增加适当的成分，即在陈述句前面加上一个“指路牌”-that。1. 作主语That she has a lot of money isnt a secret.这句话表示的是：xxxxx isnt a secret（xxxxx不是一个秘密），主语部分是she has a lot of money。（她有许多钱，这并不是一个秘密。）但是，要注意的是，she has a lot of money之前必须加上一个“指路牌”that。这里的that没有实际含义，完全是一个“摆设”，但却又是一个“必不可少”的摆设。2. 作宾语I believe that she has a lot of money.翻译：我相信，她有很多钱。这里的she has a lot of money.充当的是believe的宾语，同样的是，这里也有一个“指路牌”that。这里的俄that也没有实际含义，也是一个“摆设”，但与主语从句不同的是，这里有一些例外，后面将会讨论。3. 作表语The face is that she has a lot of money.翻译：事实是，她有很多钱。这里的she has a lot of money.作的是表语，用来补充说明这里的fact。同样，这里还必须有一个that充当“指路牌”，that也没有实际含义，是一个必须的“摆设”。4. 作同位语The fact that she has a lot of money embarrassed her.翻译：事实是她有很多钱，但却让她难堪。这里的she has a lot of money.作fact的同位语，修饰fact。同样that还是做指路牌，并没有实际意义，同样也是一个必须的“摆设”。That English is important is an undoubted fact.That he doesnt understand English is obvious.We know that the world is round.My idea is that child should be sent to school.The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.The rumor that Tom was a theif turned out to be untrue.通过以上的举例可以发现，陈述句充当句子的四种成分必须跟上一个“指路牌”that。That没有实际的含义，但要注意的是，在宾语从句中，这个“指路牌”可以省略。也就是说，可以这么说：I believe she has a lot of money.但是，自己在造句的过程中，最好是将that带上。注意：当陈述句作主语的时候，根据英语的尾重原则（先表态，后叙事原则）通常将that引导的主语从句后置，前面用形式主语it代替。That English is important is an undoubted fact.往往被说成：It is an undoubted fact that English is important.It is an fact that the world is round.二一般疑问句Will she come to the party?众所周知，一般疑问句是用来问“是否”的句子，他也可以充当名词性成分，但必须进行一些变形和增加一些适当的成分。变形指的是将疑问句语序变为正常语序，这里即将will she变为she will 。增加适当的成分是指在句首加上whether。在这里改为：whether she will come to the party.1. 作主语Whether she will come to the party makes no difference .翻译：她来不来参加晚会，都无所谓。这里whether she will come to the party作句子的主语部分。2. 作宾语I dont know whether she will come to the party.翻译：我不知道，他是否回来参加晚会。这里whether she will come to the party做dont know 的宾语。3. 作表语The question is whether she will come to the party.翻译：问题是，（不知道）他是否会来参加晚会。这里whether she will come to the party做句子的谓语部分，用来补充说明the question。4. 作同位语I have no idea whether she will come to the party.翻译：我不知道，她是否会来参加晚会。这里whether she will come to the party做idea的同位语，用来说明idea。一般疑问句作主句的名词性成分是三类句子中需要对其动手术最多的，必须牢记。补充：一般疑问句作宾语时，在除以下情况下可以用if来代替（注意，只有在一般疑问句作宾语的情况下）。If不和or not 连用，即不说if or not，但可以说 ifor not。I dont know if/whether he needs my help.My question is whether people will live on the moon someday.My concern is whether he comes or not.They are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work.三特殊疑问句What did he tell you ?特殊疑问句种类繁多，可以对物体，地点，原因，时间，方式等提问。虽然种类繁多，但其变化特点却相当一致，即只要将特殊疑问句改成陈述句语序即可。这里将what did he tell you 改为what he told you。1. 作主语What he told you is true.翻译：他和你将的（一些事）都是真的。这里what he told you作句子的主语。2. 作宾语I dont know what he told you.翻译：我不知道，他都告诉了你什么。这里what he told you作dont know的宾语。3. 作表语This is what he told you.翻译：这就是他所告诉你的。这里what he told you作句子的表语。4. 作同位语I have no idea what he told you.翻译：我不知道他都和你说了些什么。这里what he told you作的是idea的同位语。用来补充idea。When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided.How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is.I have no decided whom I should vote for.No one knows exactly how speech began.Could you tell me where the post office is?We dont know why he did not come yesterday.注意：如果是特殊疑问词作主语，无需调整句子的语序。Who will chair the meeting?Who will chair the meeting has not yet been decided.练习：1. _is unimportant to me.(Do she come?)2. _remains uncertain.(Shall we have the match?)3. I wonder_.(Should we wait for him?)4. No one knows exactly_.(Is there life on other plants?)5. I am interested in the question_.(Will people live on the moon someday?)6. My question is_.(Do we have enough time to go to the movie?)7. Do you know_?(Does sound travel faster than light?)8. I dont know_ .(How old is he?)9. _was interesting.(What was he talking about?)10. Do you know _?(Whats on TV tonigth?)11. Please tell me_.(Where do you live?)12. I wonder_. (Why did dinosaurs become extinct?)13. _wasnt true.(What did he tell you?)14. _is true.(What did he tell you?)15. _is still a mystery.(Why did they refuse to cooperate with us?)16. Do you know_?(When are they coming?)17. I cant remember_.(Which book does he want?)18. Lets ask him_.(Which book do