英语成语与汉语成语的一致性.doc

/ / / / 英语成语与汉语成语的一致性成语就其广义而言是指“人们长期以来习用的、形式简洁而意义精辟、定型的词组和短语。”成语是人们在语言的长期使用过程中创造出来的,是语言文化的精髓,凡是历史比较悠久的语言都包含大量成语,汉语和英语都是如此。Idioms in terms of its generalized refers to longstanding conventional meaning, the form of concise and penetrating, stereotyped phrases and phrases. Idioms are created in the process of language use for a long time, is the essence of language and culture, all the comparative history language contains a large number of idioms, Chinese and English. 使用汉语和英语国家的历史背景、经济生活、地理环境、风俗习惯、心理态势、思维方式等存在明显的差异,导致在成语所使用的意象、含义和用法上也有很大不同,但人类对外界的认知及反应是大致相同的,这就使得汉语成语与英语成语具有很多一致性。Using Chinese and English countrys history background, economic life, geographical environment, customs and habits, psychological situation, there are significant differences such as thinking mode, resulting in image, meaning and usage of idioms used also have very big different, but human perception and reaction to the outside world is roughly the same, this makes the Chinese idioms and English idioms have a lot of consistency. 一、文化全球化使汉语成语与英语成语趋于一致A, the cultural globalization makes Chinese idioms and English idioms tend to be consistent 汉语成语和英语成语作为两种特殊的语言现象,人们往往强调它们的民族性和典故性,但也应该清楚地看到,文化并不是一成不变的,语言的变化恰好可以体现出文化的交流与融合。在中西交流过程中,很多英语习语已逐渐融入到汉语中,如酷(cool)、比基尼 (bikini)、可口可乐(Coca-Cola)、粉丝(fans)、拷贝(copy)、迪斯科(disco)等已经成为汉语中普遍使用的语言,并因此具有了成语的某些特性。还有些来自西方传说、典故、神话人物的习语,如达摩克里斯神剑(Sword Damocles)、丘比特(Cupid)等已被中国人所熟知并能直接运用。另一方面,随着世界各地华人移民数量不断增加,他们也把中国的文化带到了异国他乡,例如:kongfu(功夫)、liche(荔枝)、mahjong(麻将)、Tai-chi(太极)、Bonsai(盆栽)、Confucius(孔子)等都被写进了英语语言。English idioms and Chinese idioms as two kinds of special language phenomenon, people tend to emphasize their nationality and allusions, but should also see clearly that culture is not immutable, change of language can reflect the cultural exchange and fusion. In the process of communication between Chinese and western, many English idioms have gradually integrated into Chinese, such as cool (cool), bikini, bikini), coke (Coca - Cola), fans (fans), copy (copy), disco (disco) has been widely used in Chinese language, and therefore has some characteristics of the idioms. And some from the west, legends, allusions, myths, idioms characters, such as dharma Chris excalibur, Sword what), Cupid (Cupid) has been known and can be directly used by the Chinese. On the other hand, with the increasing number of Chinese immigrants from all over the world, they also brought Chinese culture to foreign country, such as: kongfu (kung fu), liche (lychee), mahjong, mahjong), Tai - chi (Tai chi), Bonsai (pot), Confucius (Confucius) are written into the English language. 同时,文化具有超地域性。人类具有基本相同的生存需要、生活模式和思想感情,这使得许多英语习语与汉语成语在形式和意义上基本对应。如:英语中有这样的成语:“wash ones hands of a thing”,可译为“洗手不干、金盆洗手”;“Kill two birds with one stone”可译为“一箭双雕、一举两得”;“Build castles in the air”可译为“白日做梦,空中楼阁”等都是典型的例子,中西方共有的常识造成了这类英语习语与汉语成语的相似。At the same time, has super regional culture. Humans have basic survival needs, the same pattern of life and the thoughts and feelings, it makes a lot of English idioms and Chinese idioms in form and meaning are basic correspondence. Such as: have such idiom in English: wash one s hands of a thing, can be translated as wash, wash his hands; Kill two birds with one stone can be translated as Kill two birds with one stone, Kill two birds with one stone; Build castles in the air can be translated as day dreaming, a castle in the air is a typical example of Chinese and western common sense caused this kind of similar to English idioms and Chinese idioms. 二、英语成语与汉语成语在逻辑上的一致性Second, the English idioms and Chinese idioms in the logical consistency 人类具有类似的情感反应,虽然引起情感变化的原因不尽相同,但表达情感的英语习语与汉语成语却存在很多相似之处。用心琢磨就会发现,在表达同样意思时,虽然使用的词汇或比拟的事物不同,但表达了相同或相似的意思,这也使得我们在理解英语成语的时候有章可循。Humans have similar emotional responses, although the cause of emotional change is not the same, but the emotion of the English idioms and Chinese idioms has much in common. Thinking with your heart you will find, in expressing the same meaning, though the use of words or match different things, but expressed the same or similar meaning, it also makes our kinks in understanding English idioms. 例如:“Kill goose that lays the golden eggs”,源于希腊寓言,说的是曾有一个乡下人,因发财心切,杀死了自己饲养的那只能下金蛋的鹅,以为这样就可一次获得全部想象中的金块,结果一无所获。现比喻只贪图眼前利益,没有长远打算。但汉语中不说“杀鹅取卵”,而说“杀鸡取卵”,意思是相同的。两者喻体不同,这是因为在中国古代也有一个类似的故事,只是故事里的主人公杀死的不是鹅而是一只鸡,要取出的是蛋而不是金子而已;“crocodile tears”译为“鳄鱼的眼泪”,据说鳄鱼在吞食人畜时,它那双蓝灰色眼睛里常常会挤出几滴眼泪。由于鳄鱼贪婪凶残,令人生厌,所以英语中有这样形象的比喻,这与汉语中“猫哭老鼠,假慈悲”有异曲同工之妙。For example: Kill chicago-brewed goose that lays the golden dense eggs, from the Greek fable, said that there was a peasant, eager for get rich, killed himself raised the golden goose, only thought that gold can be a full imagination, the results found nothing. Metaphor and immediate interests only now, not long term. But dont say kill the goose egg, in Chinese and said kill, meaning is the same. The analogized body is different, this is because in ancient China also has a similar story, just the story of the hero kill not the goose but a chicken, will remove the eggs instead of gold; Crocodile tears translated into crocodile tears, it is said that when crocodiles devour people and animals, it is those blue-gray eyes tend to squeeze out a few drops of tears. Due to greedy crocodiles ferocity, boring, so in the English language have such a parable of the image, in the Chinese cat crying mice, crocodile tears has the same effect. 像这样的例子还有很多,比如“As poor as a church mouse”译为“一贫如洗”,想一想教堂是什么地方,那里老鼠的生活当然是“一贫如洗”了;“As proud as a peacock”,骄傲得像只孔雀,想象一下孔雀的形象,正与汉语成语“目中无人”相对应;“Black sheep”,白羊群中的黑羊,那不就是“害群之马”吗;“Chicken hearted”,鸡和老鼠都是胆小的动物,所以英语说“胆小如鸡”,而汉语说“胆小如鼠”,喻意相同;“The early bird gets the worm”,早起的鸟有虫吃,显然是“捷足先登”;“Walk on eggs”,踩着鸡蛋走路,当然是“小心翼翼”了。Like this there are plenty of examples, such As As poor As a church mouse translated As poor, think of what church is a place, where rats live, of course, is poor; As proud As a peacock, proud As a peacock, imagine the image of the peacock, is working with the Chinese idiom arrogant corresponds; Black sheep, the white Black sheep out of the flock, that is not a Black sheep; Chicken hearted, Chicken and mouse are timid creatures, so dont speak English timid like a Chicken, said timid, and Chinese metaphor; The early bird gets The worm, The early bird get The worm, apparently pre-empted ; Walk on dense eggs, walking on eggs, of course, is carefully. 以下列举一些英语成语与汉语成语的对照情况,以便于我们更加深入的理解两种语言成语内在逻辑的一致性。List some English idioms and Chinese idioms on the control of the situation, in order to we more in-depth understanding of two languages idiom internal logical consistency. Armed to the teeth全副武装Armed to the teeth Armed to the teeth Bite the hand that feeds one忘恩负义Bite the hand that feeds one ungrateful At my finger tips了如指掌At my finger tips All roads lead to Rome殊途同归All roads lead to Rome, All roads lead to Rome Misery loves company同病相怜Misery loves company in advance On pins and needles如坐针毡Was On pins and needles On pins and needles Sitting on a powder keg一触即发Sitting on a powder keg Come to a dead end陷入僵局To a dead end an impasse Enough is enough适可而止Enough is Enough, Enough is Enough 这些成语通过逻辑分析,均能找出相应的汉语成语,而且有一定的规律可循,单词也非常简单,再通过上下文很容易把它们翻译成汉语成语。These idioms through logical analysis, can find out the corresponding idiom in Chinese, and there are certain rules to follow, the word is also very simple, and it is easy to translate them into Chinese idiom from context. 三、形式功能上的一致性Three, form functional consistency 在对英语成语和汉语成语的比较分析中我们不难发现,虽然这两种成语各具特色,各有千秋,但它们在形式上、功能上还是存在着许多相同之处,在语言的运用中也发挥着相同的作用。In a comparative analysis of English idioms and Chinese idioms we discover not hard, although the two idioms each has its own characteristics, each has his strong point, but they are in the form, function, or there are many similarities, in the use of the language also is playing the same role. 首先,英语成语和汉语成语在结构上基本是固定的。HDPE土工膜一般说来,它们的结构是定型的,不可随意改动,不但成语的构成成分不能用意思相同或相近的词汇替换,而且成分的位置也不可变更。如英语中的“with flying colors”(旗开得胜)不能改成“with flying flags”;“a bolt from the blue”(晴天霹雳)不能改成“the blue from a bolt”;汉语中的“吉祥如意”不能改成“好祥如意”;“心旷神怡”也不能说成“心怡神旷”。其次,英语成语和汉语成语组织结构上具备着很多共同之处,它们都有并列结构、动宾结构和偏正结构。并列结构:例如英语中有“heart and soul” (全心全意)、“tooth and nail” (竭尽全力)等,而汉语里则有“一心一意”、“千军万马”等;动宾结构:例如英语中有“face the music”(勇于承担后果)、“draw a blank” (终于失败)等,在汉语里则有“包罗万象”、“顾全大局”等; 破壁灵芝孢子粉偏正结构:例如英语中有“white elephant”(无用而累赘的东西)、“black sheep”(害群之马)等,汉语中同样有“众矢之的”、“世外桃源”等等。First of all, English idioms and Chinese idioms base is fixed on the structure. In general, their structure is already set, do not optional change, not only the composition of idioms cant replace with the same or similar meaning words, and the location of the components and do not change. Such as in English with flying colors (triumph) cant change to with flying flags; A bolt from the blue (a bolt from the blue) cant change to the blue from a bolt; Luck in Chinese cant change to good auspicious happiness; Cant say find the scenery pleasing to both the to heart off-dry kuang. Second, English idioms and Chinese idioms on the organizational structure have a lot in common, they all have joint structure, verb-object structure and s). Parallel construction: for example, in the English language have heart and soul (heart), tooth and nail (best), etc., while Chinese have undivided attention and hammering, etc.; Svo structure: such as in the English language has face the music have the courage to bear the consequences, the draw a blank fail (finally), etc., in Chinese is everything, the tail from wagging the dog, etc.; S) : English, for example a white elephant (useless and burdensome thing), black sheep (black), etc., also have fire in Chinese, arcadia, etc. 汉语成语与英语成语在语法功能上也有很多共同点:汉语成语和英语成语都可以分成名词性成语、动词性成语、形容词性成语和副词性成语。例如英语名词性成语有“the lions share” (最大的分额)、“brain trust”(智囊团)等,汉语中名词性成语有“奇花异草”、“中流砥柱”等;动词性成语在英语中有“beat about the bush”(旁敲侧击)、“make short work of”(迅速处理)等,在汉语中也有“拔苗助长”、“掩耳盗铃”等;英语形容词性成语有“wide of mark”(毫不相干的)、“wet behind the ears”(缺乏经验的)等,汉语形容词性成语则包括“五颜六色”、“千真万确”等;英语副词性成语有“through thick and thin” (不避艰险地)等,汉语副词性成语则有“大步流星”、“心悦诚服”等。泰山奇石通过上述实例我们可以清楚地看到汉、英成语的语法功能是基本相同的。English idioms and Chinese idioms on the grammatical function also has a lot of things in common: Chinese idioms and English idioms can be divided into nominal phrases and verbal phrases, adjective adverbial phrases and idioms. Such as English noun phrase is the lion s share (the