丈夫语言文化翻译分析.doc

对【夫妇】当中文化负载词的翻译比较【夫妇】是沈从文的一篇短篇小说，描写的是湘西地区淳朴的乡土气息和本真的人性。虽然没有他其他作品那么出名，但是也受到广泛欢迎。其中就有一些湘西文化负载词，如果翻译不得当外国人是很难理解我们的文化。所以此处我们进行比较的是金介浦和戴乃迭翻译的两个版本。关键词：湘西文化 文化负载词 音译 意译1.出了门，还见到人向南跑，且匆匆传语给路人，说：“在八道坡，在八道坡，非常好看的事！要去，就走，不要停了，恐怕不久就要送到团上去！南山坳A: He saw people running towards the south, filling in bystanders in haste as they went:” down by eight path hill, eight path hillwhat a pretty sight! Go now if you wan to see it. Dont wait around. They will be turning to the Militia any minute!B: People were running in all directions, and all the while they were shouting: Down by the Pao-tao hill -yes, down by the Pao-tao hill-come along quickly -before they are sent to the judge court.” 团上：当时湘西地主武装团防的设置，而第一个版本的翻译是民兵局，第二个版本是村里的办公室，作者写这篇文章的时候应该是国民时期，所以我们觉得是打一个版本的翻译更加确切，八道坡是文中故事发生的一个地方，两个译本一个用的是意译，一个用的是音译，我认为音译比较合适，因为这里只是一个地方的名字，如果用意译可能会让读者以为那个地名读作eight path 而没有地方特色效果后文中的南山坳分别翻译的是a small hollow among the hills和 a hollow in the hills也都是直译2.究竟是怎么回事他也是不得分明的。唯以意猜想，则既然是人人都想一看，自然是有趣味的东西。A: He couldnt imagine what n the world it was about. He could only suppose that, since everyone wanted to see it, it must be pretty interesting.B: Secretary Huan was puzzled.不得分明：是湘西的口语话，意思就是“不清楚，不知道”译文2更好一些，意思表达明确而且比较简单明了。后文中的 “从这里去黄陂只有六里路”分别译为Only two miles away和For it only three miles away都表示“距离，离”的意思。3.微微的晚风刮到璜的脸上，听到山上有人吹笛，抬头望天，天上有桃红的霞，他心中纠正想到，风光若是诗，必定不能缺少一个女人。A: A gentle evening breeze brushed Huangs face. Hearing the sound of a flute playing up in the mountains, he raised his head to the skies and took in the peach -pink glow of the sunset. It occurred to him that such a poetic setting was incomplete without a woman.B:The evening wind was fanning his face, and there came to him from the mountains the music of flutes. Looking up, Secretary Huan noticed the pink glow of the clouds.笛：见图1 是中国最具特色的吹奏乐器之一 ，而西方用金属做成的笛子是不同的，所以两个译本中用的“flute”是不恰当的。在湘西文化除了会放蛊、画符和赶尸还有吹笛驱兽这一说法，在其他作品中也有体现：蓝秋雁除了会放蛊、画符和赶尸，最喜欢的便是吹笛驱兽。由于蓝秋雁最喜欢吹笛用魔音驱使百兽，所以恨花婆便将独眼九太所给的那支金灿灿的金笛，转赠与她巫女奇情.他想是问问被绳缚定如有所思垂了头那男子是什么地方来的人，总不是造孽。A: Trussed up though he was, the young man seemed lost in thought. Huang thought there could be no harm in asking where he came from.B: suddenly the thought there could be no harm in asking the man who was tied with ropes and whose head was bent low as though meditating, where he came from.“造孽”，原是“造业”，在方言里演变为了造孽。泛指干坏事，一般都被解释为做坏事的恶业。两个译本中的翻译都比较合适。.璜又看看女人。女人年轻不到二十岁，一身极干净的月蓝麻布衣裳，脸上微红，身体硕长，风姿不恶。A: Hung examined the girl again. She was young, not yet out of her teens. Her outfit was impeccably clean, make of moon-blue burlapB: He looked the girl again. She was so young, hardly twenty and starched. She wore linen clothes, blue-moon colored, very clean and starched中国旧时常用麻来制作衣服，当时湘西做衣服也多用这种布料现在在有些村里还有保留。用linen来翻译麻布比较合适，也比较容易让人联想到那种布料。见图2 图1 图2 然而做居停主人的朋友进了城，此间团总当事人又不知是谁。A: But her friend whod given him lodging was off to the city, and Huang had no idea who was in charge of the militia bureauB: But he knew no one in the village, he did not even know the red magistrates name, and his host had departed for the city.团总：地主武装团防的头目，在沙汀记贺龙三七：“赶快回去对你们的团总讲，就说我回来了。” 袁任远石门南乡的起义：“ 石门 的地主多兼团总，而且拥有武装，封建势力很大。”1所以译文1翻得更准确一些。一个满脸疙瘩再加上一个大酒糟鼻子的汉子，像才喝了酒，把酒葫芦放下来到这里看热闹的样子A: A man who looked like hed been drinking, with a face full of pimples and a drunkards nose, set down his bottle of liquor and came forward to get in on the commotion.B: It was a man with a large red rose and a face full of pimples.葫芦：是属于葫芦科葫芦属的一种植物，它是爬藤植物，其果实也被称为葫芦。在成熟后收割加工为容器或者烟斗。葫芦在中国既为食，又为器；作器皿既能容纳、包藏，并且不拒固体、液体，又便于多种使用，携带，贮存。除因袭上古为吉器，象征天生品质以及被重视、重用，又寓意顺利、富裕、如意。旧时中国很多地方都用来装酒。译文A中翻作bottle of liquor，装酒的瓶子，而译文B直接省译. 见图3.大众喊这人作练长，璜知道必定是本村有实力的人物了，且不做声，听他如何处置。A: Everybody clamored to fill him in and their own opinion. Seeing that they addressed him as “Captain,” Huang figured he must be a man of influence in the village.Suddenly there appeared in the crowed a man who resembled a soldier who had risen from the ranks. He was called “Captain” by the crowd, which eagerly surrounded him and related the story of the young couple found in the hay.练长：此处应当指的是比较大的一个官员，是在军队中连一级编制的最高指挥员。两个译文翻的都是captain，是比较合适的。.那女子不答，抬头望望审问她的人，又望望璜。害羞似的把头下垂，看看自己的脚。脚上的绣的双凤，是只有乡中富人才穿的好鞋。A: Then she shyly turned her gaze downward toward her feet. She wore shoes embroidered with afford in the countryside.B: Then she looked at Secretary Huan and bent her head low again, seemingly from shyness, starting at her feet. Her shoes could only have been worn by a rich country girl, for they were embroidered with double phoenixes.双凤：凤是人们心目中的瑞鸟，天下太平的象征。古人认为时逢太平盛世，便有凤凰飞来。凤凰在人们心中就代表吉祥，高贵。而湘西地区人们用针和线把人的设计和制作添加在任何存在的织物上的一种艺术。刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一，在中国至少有二三千年历史。四大名绣，其中有一种就是湘绣。见图4 图3 图4 10.又有人说找磨石来，预备沉潭。只是恐吓。A; “Flog them!” someone butted in from the crowd. It was the tried and true method for country people who liked to tell tales and could never get the truth out before an official without a little help from the wooden plank, the leather whip, or the bamboo rod.B: And someone suggested that they should have a large mill-stone, tie it round them and throw them into a pool.至今湘西地区仍保留着部分传统习俗。比如每年十月初一的“十月朝”，又称“祭祖节”，即有“送寒衣”、“做会”、“罚请吃”、“站笼”及“沉潭”等传统家法族规遗留下来的文化习俗。1.在处置这一对男女之前，他还想多知道一点这人的身家，因为在方便中可以照习惯法律，罚这人一百串钱，或把家中一只牛牵到局里充公，他从中也可以多叼一点光。：Because the custom and law might allow, in passing, that the boy be fined a hundred stings of cash or that an ox be requisitioned from his family-with the captain making a little something for himself.：For it might be necessary to fine them thirty dollars as well ,and perhaps he would order that a cow should impounded from the victims family , and perhaps-well-an official can always benefit from such things 所谓充公就是把罪犯或违法者与案件有关的财物没收归公,也指把违反禁令或规定的东西收归公有 没收归公 在鲁迅 的故事新编出关也有出现: 关尹喜 一面自己亲手从架子上挑出一包盐，一包胡麻，十五个饽饽来，装在一个充公的白布口袋里送给 老子 做路上的粮食。 洪深 劫后桃花四七:这是一所充公的房子。1.其中有知道璜是谁的，就扯了练长的黑香云纱的衣角轻轻的告练长这是谁。图5 图6A: Others, aware of who Huang was, tugged at the captains lacquered black silk uniform and quietly clued him in.B:And t