2011上期高一优秀生英语辅导资料定语从句.doc

2011年上期高一优秀生英语辅导资料定语从句 I概念定语从句通常是指用来修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句，其作用相当于形容词。1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰和限制的名词或代词称之为先行词。2.关系词：引导定语从句的词。关系词关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but, than关系副词when, where, why解题思路：找先行词，看先行词在定语从句中充当何种成分，然后确定用何种关系词。He still lives in the house _is in the north of the city.He still lives in the house _window faces to the south.He still lives in the house_there is a piece of furniture.(先行词the house分别在定语从句中作主语、定语、地点状语。因此分别用which/that; whose; where.)Ill never forget the days _we spent together.Ill never forget the days _we stayed together.(先行词the days分别在定语从句中作宾语、时间状语。因此分别用which/that; in which/ when.)The reason _he gave us was reasonable.The reason _he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.(先行词the reason分别在定语从句中作宾语、原因状语。因此分别用which/that; why.)This is the only way _you can find.I didnt like the way _he spoke to his mother.(先行词the way分别在定语从句中作宾语、方式状语。因此分别用that或省略；in which/that或省略)那么该如何确定关系词呢？首先看在限制性定语从句中：一 当先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语/宾补时： 主语宾语表语/宾补人who; thatwho; whom; that; /that物which, thatwhich; that; /人和物thatthat; /1) The lady who/that came to our classis from Australia.2) I visited the country which/that had been bombed by the US-led NATO a month before.3) He is the person(who/whom/that)I met in the park yesterday.4) Ill never forget the years(which/that) I spent with my cousin in Australia?5) Watch the girl and her dog that are crossing the street.6) We liked the farmers and their farm (that)we visited yesterday.注意：1.先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语时，一般用who或that都可以。但在下列情况下，通常用who，而不用that。1)当先行词是people, those, one/ones, anyone/anybody等时People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.Anyone/Anybody who breaks the rules is punished.One who doesnt work hard will never be happy.2) He who用于谚语、格言中(要求背诵)He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉He who plays with fire gets burnt.玩火者必自焚He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.不犯错误的人一事无成He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好.He who hesitates is lost.当断不断,必受其乱3)在非限制性定语从句中Charlie Chaplin, who died in 1977, is considered one of the greatest and funniest actors in the history of the cinema.4)在分隔定语从句中A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.教你们德语的老师明天来5)一个句子带有两个定语从句，一个用who，另一个用that.The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.在会上受到表扬的那个学生是班长，他谦虚好学2.在下列情况下,通常用that,而不用who1)先行词前面有the first, the last, the only或the same等所修饰时She is the last man _ I want to see.她是我最不愿意见到的人She is the only person _understands me.She is the same teacher _ was praised the other day.2)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Who_has common sense will do such a thing?Which one of us _knows something about physics does not know this?3.先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，一般用which或that都可以。但在下列情况下,通常用that，而不用which.。1) .先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词所修饰时，2) This is the best article that has been written on the subject.2) .当先行词是all, any, anything, nothing, everything, much, little等时， I have done all _ you told me to.Is there anything _ I can do for you?This book contains much/little _is useful.3).当先行词被all, any, the very, the only, the last等修饰时，通常用that.All the books _ have been selected are useful ones.Is there any question _troubles you much?Corn was not the only food _was taken to Europe.4).主句是which开头的特殊疑问句时，通常用that.Which of the books _ you have read is the most instructive?4.在下列情况下，通常用which，而不用that.1)介词的宾语He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of which had not been cleaned for years.2)在非限制性定语从句中，代表前面的名词或整个句子One of the Charlie Chaplins most famous films was “The Gold Rush”, _ was made in 1925.Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.5.当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，关系代词通常不能省略。但是，当定语从句是there be结构时，可以省略。We must make full use of the time (that) there is left to us and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanjing.这是到南京的最快的一班车6.注意下列两种句式的定语从句：1) It is (high/about) time (that)过去式2) It/This/That is/will be the first/second/thirdtime (that)从句用现在完成时It/This/That wasthe first/second/thirdtime (that) 从句的时态用过去完成时It is time we went to bedIt is the first time that he has come to meet me at the station.It will be the second time that I have been there.It was the first time that he had passed the examination in English.7.注意避免出现以下几种情况：1) The storybook (which/that) I have just read it cannot be easily forgotten.2) Her two daughters who are studying in Beijing.3) Prices of daily goods are bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.4) Is this museum they visited last week?5) We all like Harry because he is a man whom everybody thinks is pleasant to get along with.将whom改为who. everybody thinks是插入语。He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.二 当先行词在定语从句中作定语时：指人whoseof whom指物of which 1) They study in a classroom whose windows (the windows of which/of which the windows) are broken2) Do you know the man whose house (the house of whom/of whom the house)was burned down?2. “介词+whose+宾语”引导的定语从句。1) The boss in _department Mr. King worked called at the hospital.2) The engineer, from _ doctor we know all the truth, was put in a womens room.3) The doctor, with _ help the sick child was saved, is very kind to her patients.3在下列情况下，只能用of whom, of which.而不用whose引导定语从句。1).定语从句的主语是some, most, many, few, much, little等时.About 200 people, many of whom were Europeans, worked on the project.Those foreign engineers, most of whom have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here.They gave me much ink, little of which is red.2).定语从句的主语是all, none, both, neither, each等时She has two sons, both of whom are PLA men.He gave us many books, none of which was interesting.3).定语从句的主语是数词时In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, 12 of which/of which 12 were won by women.There are forty-five students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.4).在定语从句中作表语的定语时Look! There come a lot of students, of whom Lucy is one.The stories about the Long March, of which this is one example, are well written.三 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时：状语时间状语When地点状语Where原因状语Why方式状语in which; that; /1). My girl friend told me the day on which /when she was born.2) The bookstore in which/where his sister works is the largest one in Nanjing.3). The reason for which /why Im writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.4). I dont like the way (in which / that) you speak to her.注意：1.when/where=at/in/on which等 why=for which.2.原因状语其先行词通常是reason，方式状语其先行词通常是way3.当先行词是situation, point, case, conditions等相当于under which, in which等。表示“在什么情况下，从中”，用where连接。He has got himself into a dangerous situation _ he has no control.The newly-married couple quarreled so much that they reached the point_ they had to separate from each other.这对新婚夫妇吵架吵得这么凶，以至于到了不得不分手的地步we had to face the conditions _pressure was heavy.我们必须面对压力很大的情况1. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.A. which B. where C. what D. that2. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what3. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A. what B. whose C. which D. that.4. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, _ turned out to be a wise decision.A. that B. which C. when D. where5. The newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after the work.A. that B. it C. what D. which6. I have become good friends with several of the students in my school_ I met in the English speech contest last year.A. who B. where C. which D. whose7. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister_ she would stay for an hour.A. where B. who C. which D. what8. Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually.A. that B. where C. which D. whose9. In China, the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world.A. where B. which C. whose D. that10. The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many of _ left their homes for better life in the city.A. whom B. which C. them D. those11. Thats the new machine_ parts are too small to be seen.A. that B. which C, whose D. that12. The old temple _ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.A. where B. which C. its D. whose13. - Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? - You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15.A. as B. which C. where D. that14. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where15.-Have you finished the book?-No. I have read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.A. which B. what C. that D. where16. I want to be liked and loved for_ I am inside.A. who B. where C. what D. how17. Part of the reasons Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. what B. that C, why D. whether18. _ some people regards as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. whether B. what C. that D. how19. How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A. what B. who C. how D. why 20. - I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.- Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what21. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one on the office knew_ she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 22. We should respect food and think about the people who dont have_ we have here and treat food nicely.A. that B. which C. what D. whether23. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bike to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allow C. must not allow D. could not allow24. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions_ had used the products. A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which25. It is uncer