动词的变化规则及发音规律.docVIP

动词的变化规则及发音规律一， 动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如：stopstops s ; makemakes sreadreads z ; playplays z2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读iz 如：flyflies z； carrycarries zstudystudies z; worryworries3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为iz 如：teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读z 如：gogoes z dodoes z下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。 如：1、do du:does dz2、say seisays sez以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是s，z时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s”一起读做iz。 如：closecloses iz二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象例词：babybabiescarrycarriesstudystudying二，规则动词的过去式变化如下：一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：worked played wanted acted以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化AB型can could shall shouldwill would may mightAAA型cost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hithurt hurt hurtlet let letmust must mustput put putset set setshut shut shutread read readAAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became becomecome came comerun ran runABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtthink thought thoughtcatch caught caughtteach taught taughtbuild built builtlend lent lentsend sent sentspend spent spentdig dug dughang hung hungfeel felt feltkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptsweep swept sweptleave left leftsmell smelt smeltspill spilt spiltlay laid laidpay paid paidsay said saidsell sold soldtell told toldsit sat satspit spat spatstand stood stoodunderstand understood understoodlearn learnt learntmean meant meantspoil spoilt spoiltshine shone shonewin won wonhave had hadmake made madehear heard heardfind found foundhold held heldABC型begin began begundrink drank drunkring rang rungsing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swumblow blew blownfly flew flowngrow grew grownknow knew knownthrow threw throwndraw drew drawnshow showed shownbreak broke brokenchoose chose chosenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozenspeak spoke spokenwake woke wokendrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallengive gave givenhide hid hiddenride rode riddenrise rose risentake took takenmistake mistook mistakenwrite wrote writtenam,is was beenare were beendo did donego went gonelie lay lainsee saw seenwear wore worn易错型show showed showndraw drew drawnfall fell fallenfeel felt felthold held heldhelp helped helpedthink thought thoughtthank thanked thankedtake took takentalk talked talkedget got gotforget forgot forgottenmeet met metmean meant meanthit hit hithide hid hiddenring rang rungbring brought broughteat ate eatenbeat beat beatenlie lay lainlay laid laidfind found foundfound founded foundedbuy bought boughtbring brought broughtlearn learnt learnthear heard heard三， 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则 动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化情况 例词 读音与说明动词原形 过去式 过去分词一般在动词原形后加-ed lookcallopenneed lookedcalledopenedneeded lookedcalledopenedneeded-ed在清辅音音素后发音为t，在浊辅音后发音为d，在元音后发音也为d-ed在t、d后发音为id但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写，为fixed.以-e结尾的动词加-d movephonephonedhopehopedagreeagreed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed studycarrytry studiedstudiedcarried studiedcarriedtried以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed playenjoystayenjoyedstayedplayplayed末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stopplanfit stoppedplannedfitted stopped plannedfitted以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，再加-ed preferrefer preferredreferred preferred referred2) 不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。1动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。例：原形 过去式 过去分词cut（切）hit（打）cast（扔）hurt（伤害）put（放）let（让）shut（关）cost（花费）set（放）rid（清除） cuthitcasthurtputletshutcostsetrid cuthitcasthurtputletshutcostsetrid2过去式与过去分词完全同形。例：原形 过去式 过去分词find（找到）pay（支付）leave（离开）lend（借出）meet（遇见）keep（保持）lose（丢失）teach（教）sit（坐）lead（引导）win（赢）除） foundpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwon foundpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwon3动词原形与过去分词同形例：原形 过去式 过去分词come（来）run（跑）become（成为） cameranbecame comerunbecome4动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。例：原形 过去式 过去分词give（给）fly（飞）drink（喝）see（看见）go（去）know（知道）wear（穿）speak（说） gaveflewdranksawwentknewworespoke givenflowndrunkseengoneknownwornspoken5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式 例：原形 过去式 过去分词burn（燃烧） burnedburnt burnedburntlearn（学习） learnedlearnt learnedlearntsmell（闻） smelledsmelt smelledsmeltspell （拼写） spelledspelt spelledspeltshine （照射） shinedshone shinedshoneleap （跳） leapedleapt leapedleapt提示a. beat的过去式与原形同形：比：beat（打击） beat（过去式） beaten（过去分词）b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：lie lied, lied（说谎）lay, lain（躺，位于）c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：hang hanged, hanged（处绞刑）hung, hung(挂，吊)d. welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词比：welcome welcomed, welcomed（正）welcome, welcome（误）e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比：hit（打） hit, hit（正）hitted, hitted（误）四， 现在分词的变化规则 规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音一般在动词原形词尾加-ing，-ing发音为 iN gopushplaycarry going pushingplayingcarrying以不发音的e