初步解析名词性从句.doc

名词性从句(1)名词性从句的含义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(2)名词性从句的种类：名词性从句共有四种，它们是：主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句主语从句1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句.2.构成：关联词 + 简单句（1）从属连词 that.如:Thattheyweresisterswasunknowntoanyone.她们是姐妹这件事好象没任何人知道。（2）从属连词 whether.如:Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。（3）连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever（4）连接副词where,when,how,why.如:Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。（5）缩合连接代词和缩合连接副词Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Whereveryouareismyhome,myonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家我唯一的家。特别注意：if引导的主语从句不能放在句首。以what等连接代词引导的主语从句What you needis more practice. 你需要的是更多的练习。Whatever was saidhas left us much to think. 这里说的话都应当保密。Whoever wants itmay have it. 谁要都可以给他。同类的连接代词还有：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever以that引导的主语从句Itwas strangethat he had made a mistake.真奇怪，他竟然错了。“it”叫做“形式主语”，以“that”引导的主语从句，常用如上的表达法。“that”从句直接放在句首的情况较少，通常是因为行文的需要才这么做的。That we need more equipmentis quite obvious.我们需要更多的设备，这是很明显的。主语从句的引导词that什么时候可以省略当主语从句不太长时，引导词“that”可以省略。如：Its clear (that) he has done his best.很明显他已经尽力而为了。Its a wonder (that) he didnt fail.真奇怪，他没有失败。以whether引导的主语从句Whether he will join uswont make too much difference.(Its wont take too much difference whether he will join us.)他是否加入我们，没有太大的差别。以if引导的主语从句以if引导的主语从句不能放在句首，只能采用外置形式，It is doubtfulif he will come.It is doubtfulwhether he will come.Whether he will come is doubtful.他是否会来值得怀疑。以because引导的主语从句because很少用来引导的主语从句，只能用于“Just because.doesntmean”句式中，才能引导主语从句。Justbecausesomeonesbeenarrestedfordomesticviolencepriordoesntnecessarilymeanthattheyreguiltyofaheinouscrime.Ofcourse,justbecausehedagreedtothemdidntmeanheplannedtoabidebythem.it作形式主语的主语从句-1主语从句可以用 it 作形式主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有以下五种：（1）It + be +形容词+ that 从句。Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。以下是适合本句型的形容词：obviousnaturaltruesurprisingfunnygoodwonderfulpossiblelikelyit作形式主语的主语从句-2（2）It + be +名词词组+ that从句。Itsa pitythat we cant go.很遗憾我们不能去。Itsno surprisethat our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。以下是适合此类句型的名词词组：no wonderan honoura good thingno surpriseit作形式主语的主语从句-3（3）It + be + 过去分词+that从句。It issaidthat Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。It isreportedthat China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。以下是适合本句型过去分词：arrangedannounceddecidedexpectedthoughtreportedit作形式主语的主语从句-4（4） It +seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+ that从句。It seems thatAlice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。It happened thatI was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。it作形式主语的主语从句-5（5）It + doesnt matter+ 连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。It doesnt matterwhether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。It doesnt matterwhen youll come back.你什么时候回来都没关系。It doesnt matterhow far it is; we can go by bike.路远也不要紧, 我们可以骑车去。表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。What the police want to know is when you entered the room.警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。The trouble is that we are short of funds.困难是我们缺乏资金。This is what we should do.这是我们应当做的。Thats why I want you to work there.那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet.他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。She seems as if she had done a great thing.她看起来好像做了一件大事。It is because you eat too much.那是因为你吃得太多了。特别注意：if 不能引导表语从句。宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的注意事项1. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。He is wondering whenhe canfinish this difficult job.2. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。I thoughtitimpossiblethat he could finish this job in just two hours.He leftitto my judgmentwhether we should continue this project.3. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Idont thinkhe likes the English teacher.4. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态。Hewantedto know why hewas cryingin the corner.宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词基本相同。点击这里：请参考主语从句的引导词。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。特别注意：if“是否”，可以做宾语从句的引导词；不能做主语从句的引导词。及物动词后的宾语从句Everybody knowsthat money doesnt grow on trees.谁都知道钱不是长在树上。Do you knowwhere I can find her?你知道在什么地方可以找到她？Have you decidedwhere you will go for a holiday?你有没有决定到什么地方去度假？短语动词后的宾语从句Please go and find outwhen the train will arrive.请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。The teacher pointed outthat Tom hadnt studied hard enough.老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。That depends onhow you do it.那得看你怎么做的。形容词后的 “that从句”形容词后的 “that从句”She was gladthat everything was all right.她很高兴一切都很顺利。I am sure (that) he is here now.我确信他现在已经来了。They were insistent (that) we be ready. (Formal)他们坚持我们得做好准备。Im sorry (that) he should have left. (Formal)我很遗憾他得这么就离开了。同类形容词有：afraid, angry, annoyed, anxious, delighted, eager, frightened, glad, happy, hurt, pleased, proud, relieved, sad, sorry, surprised, upset, worried.介宾从句I am curious as towhat they are going to do next.我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。The twin sisters differ only inthat one is a bit fatter than the other one.这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。I am interested inwhat she is doing. 我对她做的事感兴趣。特别注意：Wehaventsettledthequestionof_itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.A. ifB.whereC.whetherD.that （06江苏）宾语从句：否定的转移有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。I dont suppose youre used to this diet.= I suppose you arent used to this diet.我想你不习惯这种饮食。I dont imagine she will win the championship.= I imagine she wont win the championship.我认为她得不了冠军。I didnt expect she would pass the entrance exami