定语从句掌握关键.doc

定语从句掌握关键1 先行词的概念：先行词是被定语从句所修饰的那个名词。2 关系词1） 分类： 关系代词和关系副词2） 功能： 关系词代替先行词在其后的定语从句中充当某个成分3） 用法：关系词代替先行词在其后的定语从句中充当主语、宾语时使用that which who whom; 关系词代替先行词在其后的定语从句中充当定语时，使用whose；关系词代替先行词在其后的定语从句中充当状语时，使用when where why 等等1.We will be shown around the city schools, museums ,and some other places, other visitors seldom go.A.what B.which C.where D.when那些地点不是作go的宾语吗，为什么不选which呢？解析：中国人学习英语关键之一：掌握及物动词和不及物动词 go 是不及物动词，根据定语从句解题原则，把先行词带入定语从句，便是：other visitors seldom go _ some other places.由于go是不及物动词，因此不可以直接加places做宾语。也就是说：place不可能做go 的宾语，也就不能选择that which。所以只能选择先行词在其后的定语从句中充当状语，选择where 2.York, last year, is a nice old city.A.that I visited B.which I visited C.where I visited D. in which I visitedvisit 是不及物动词，York可以作visit的宾语吗，那为什么A不行呢？解析：visit 是及物动词，只有及物动词才能直接带宾语，不及物动词要带宾语，必须加介词。如：I love you(love是及物动词，可以直接加宾语； 然而go to school中，go 是不及物动词，所以不能够直接加宾语，必须要在中间加上to . )类似的用法有很多，如： I live in Nanjing .live就是不及物动词。本题中visit 是及物动词 先行词york可以直接做visit 的宾语。所以： York that I visited York which I visited 都可以。但是，如果先行词后面有逗号，只能用which3. Anyway,that evening, Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A.when B.where C.what D.which解析： 根据解题原则，先把先行次evening 带入定语从句，结果为： I will tell you more about later on that evening. 很明显，evening 不可能做tell 的宾语，而是在其后的定语从句中充当时间状语。所以选when4.The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday ,but didnt help.A.it B.she C.which D.he解析：本题是定语从句常考点。关键：but/and 是用来连接两个并列成分，本题but用来连接两个并列句子。也就是说，but前后是并列关系，而不是主从关系，所以也没有从句可言，定语从句更是无从谈起：5.Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else , is there?A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn解析： 根据解体原则，把先行词no one else 带入其后的定语从句： she can turn to no one else for help.先行词 no one 在其后的定语从句中充当turn to 的宾语6.The way he did it was different we were used to do.A.in which B.in what C.from what D.from which为什么不选D？解析：当我们掌握好定语从句以后，就需要把各种从句综合起来比较，分析。本题便是定语从句和名词性从句的交叉考点。注意本题所有选项都是由介词和连词组合而成。也就是说，这是一个介宾结构，即：介词后面是一个宾语从句。选择what ，是因为what 在它所引导的宾语从句中充当了do的宾语。本题和定语从句无关，D选项是用来干扰同学的。7.Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago,_it was so poorly equipped.A.what;when B.that;which C.what;which D.which;that请老师分析一下这个句子。解析：本题考察了对于名词性从句和定语从句的综合考察：名词性从句包括：表语从句，宾语从句，主语从句和同位语从句it is no longer what it was 20 years ago。 What引导的从句在is之后，凡在be 动词之后的从句统称为表语从句。正如答案所示：名词性从句最大考点即that what 。两者之间最大的区别在于：what 引导名词性从句时，可以在其后的从句中充当某个成分。而that不可以。当我们把it is no longer what it was 20 years ago。句子中的时间状语去掉，就剩下 It is no longer what it was. Was 后面缺少表语，正好用what , that 不能在其后的从句中充当某个成分，所以不能用that.至于第二个选项when引导了一个定语从句。先行词20years ago 在其后的定语从句中充当了时间状语 8.Last week our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out.A.as B.which C.that D.what解析： 我们在定语从句中曾经学习过： It is the same book as I have 和 it is the same book that I have的区别。知道as 表示同类不同一个that表示同类不同一个。同样的用法还有suchas/suchthat 和 soas/sothat .可是本题的sotha根本不是定语从句，而是由that 引导的一个结果状语从句，表示“如此，以至于”同学们千万不要上当哦！9.Ive never been to Beijing , but its the place_ .A.where Id like to visit B.I most want to visitC.in which Id like to visit D.that I want to visit it most解析：同第二题10.In experiments _ young teens are allowed to sleep as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of 9 hours.A.that B.what C.which D.where11.The residents, _ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all of their homes B.all their homesC.whose all homes D.all of whose homes解析：主干为：The residents were give help by the Red Cross.所以逗号之间只可能是从句，只有CD选项才能符合从句的表达。 C错在all 的位置。想想看all their homes对？还是their all homes对呢？其他Could we put off the meeting？ she asked . , he answered politely . This is the only day everyone is available .A. Not likely B. Not exactly C. Not nearly D. Not really . Not exactly的用法1. 表示轻微的否定，意为：不很。如：Hes not exactly stupid, but hes too lazy. 他不很蠢，但他太懒了.We werent exactly driving fast. 我们当时车开得不很快。Thats not exactly what I had in mind. 我心里想的不完全是那样。2. 用作回答，表示：不完全是；不完全如此；不全对。如：A：Do you mean to say hell refuse us? 你的意思是说他会拒绝我们?B：Not exactly. 不完全如此A：So you missed the meeting. 所以你就错过了这次会议?B：Not exactly. I got there five minutes before it finished. 不完全是这样，我在散会前五分钟赶到了那儿。Do you have enough to all your daily expenses?Oh yes, enough and to spare.A. cover B.spend C.fill D.offercover表示包含，完全覆盖的意思。题目的意思是“你的钱够吗？” 另外， cover the report 是一个固定词组，表示“报道” 你提出的三个单词其实不能归类为同义组。应该是“spend take cost” spend，cost，take和pay的区别是历年考试的必考内容之一，虽然它们都可以表示花费，但用法却不尽相同，讲解如下： spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构： (1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间(金钱)。 例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。 例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 (3)spend money for sth. 花钱买。 例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示值， 常见用法如下： (1)sth. costs (sb.) 金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。 例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 (2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。 例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种： (1) It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 (2)doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。 例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是： (1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买。 例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付的钱。 例：I have to pa