并列复合句与主从复合句.doc

并列复合句与主从复合句一、 并列复合句“二步”学习法并列复合句（简称并列句）与主从复合句（简称复合句）的区别是：并列句用并列连词连接两个或两个以上的句子，并表示句子与句子之间的并列关系。复合句是一个完整的句子，用连接词连接的从句充当句子的某一个成分，是主从关系。试比较： Come here early , and you will see our manager . （两个句子之间是并列关系，没有从属关系，所以是并列复合句） If you come here early , you will see our manager . （句中If引导的条件状语从句和后面的主句有主从关系，从句从属于主句，所以是主从复合句）二、 掌握并列复合句的连词并列句的连词由单个连词和连词词组两部分组成。1、 由and ,but ,or/or else , so , for 等并列连词把连个简单句连接起来而成为并列复合句。2、 由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句。常用的并列连词词组有not only but also . , eitheror , neither nor , notbut , bothand , as well as等等三、 主从复合句“二步”学习法 主从复合句中的从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句等6种。前四种均相当于一个名词的作用-名词性从句。名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句第一步、掌握复合句的结构以下采用线条和图示的方法介绍复合句的结构：说明：主句：_从句：连接词： 1.主语从句的两种结构： 连接词谓_Who are the winners hasnt been announced .It谓_ 连接词 It hasnt been announced who are the winners .主语从句是整个句子作主语，他可以放在主句的谓语动词之前（结构），但多数情况是it做形式主语（结构），而把主语从句放在主句之后。如果主语从句太长，显得笨重，这是我们就采用结构这种it作形式主语的主从复合句有以下几种结构： It is n. that It is adj. that It is 过去分词 从句 It vt. 宾语 从句It worried /shocked/surprised/delightedthat或It makes no difference that /whetherIt worried me a bit that her hair was turning grey .It shocked me that Peter didnt tell anybody where he was .It makes no difference to me whether he goes there or not . It v. 从句It made adj. thatIt happens/happened that It seems/seemed thatIt appears/appeared that It seemed to him (that) he would never work out the question .It (so) happened that the famous actor was her mother .(The famous actor happened to be her brother .)2.表语从句的结构 _系 连接词The question is whether they have enough time .表语从句：位于系动词之后，整个句子作表语的句子。表语从句对主语进行解释、说明，是主语的内容具体化。表语的从句的结构比较简单，显著特点是从句位于系动词之后。China is no longer what is used to be .He looked just as he had looked ten years before .It sounds as if someone is knocked on the door .Thats because he didnt understand me .Thats why he got angry with me .3.宾语从句的两种种结构： _动、行、介 连接词 _动 it （adj./n.） 连接词Do you know where the boy lives .Im interested in what you said at the meeting .We are glad (that) youve come to join us .The boy has made it clear that he wont give up .We feel it a pity that you wont join us in the game .宾语从句：就是整个从句作及物动词、介词和少数形容词的宾语。当宾语从句之后带有形容词、名词等，一般用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放到句末，此时引导宾语从句的that不能省略。注:从结构上讲，宾语从句特别要注意的是语序和时态。宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。是太主要取决于主句的时态。主句是现在时，从句可以是任何时态。但主句是过去时，从句除了表示客观真理可用现在时外，一律用过去时态。Could you tell me what time it is now ?Nobody knows where she lives .Do you know when they will come back to school ?Mother said that she would buy me a bag .When do you think Mr. Zhang will come back to our company .4.定语从句的三种结构_先行词 连接词This is the pen that I bought last week ._先行词 ，连接词He gave her mother a watch for her birthday , which pleased her a lot .定语从句：整个句子在复合句中作定语，修饰先行词（名词、代词或句子）。结构上分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。学生常会出现的错误：Do you know the girl is standing under the tree ?The boy , often come here to see me , is my brother .The stamp that you give it to me ia valuable .5.同位语从句的结构从结构上讲，同位语从句和定语从句完全一样.区别：同位语从句解释说明先行词（一般是一些比较抽象的名词）的内容，引导词是that，不能用which（引导词后还有其他词），that不充当任何成分：而定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，一般情况下that和which都行，而且在句中充当成分。This is the news which/that our neighbor told us .This is the news that our team won the game .His suggestion that well go for a visit on Saturday is very much .His suggestion that/which he put forward at the meeting is very much .6.状语从句的两种结构 连接词 ，_Because he was very busy , he didnt come here . _ 连接词He didnt come here because he was very busy .状语从句：整个句子在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。因此我们可以把状语从句称作副词性从句。状语从句分为时间、地点、原因条件目的结果让步方式和比较状语从句从结构上讲，表示地点、目的、结果、方式、比较的状语从句只能谓语句末。但有些（并非全部）表示时间、条件、让步、原因的状语从句既可以谓语句首，也可以位于句末。位于句首时，一般用逗号与主句隔开。I was watching TV when my mother came in .= when my mother came in ,I was watching TV .If you put your heart into study ,you will make good progress .=you will make good progress if you put heart into study .Although /Though he is very young ,he knows a lot .=he knows a lot although/though he is very young .Young as he is ,he knows a lot .The man was very happy because he had found his lost car .=Because he had found his lost car , the man was happy .状语从句常见错误：误:Although/though he is over seventy , but he is strong .Although/though he is over seventy , yet he is strong . he is strong . he is still strong 。Although/though均为连词，不能再重复用力按此but ，但可以用副词yet，still 。类似情况还有because和so不能连用。 误：I was walking in the street , suddenly I saw my friend Tom .正：I was walking in the street ，when suddenly I saw my friend Tom正：When I was walking in the street , suddenly I saw my friend Tom .误：Well go boating if it will be fine tomorrow .正：Well go shopping if it is fine tomorrow .正：if it is fine tomorrow Well go shopping .误：As he is very busy ,he is always ready to help us .正：Busy as/though he is ,he is always ready