新高一知识衔接-定语从句.doc

复合句-定语从句 费县实验中学 朱宗彩概念什么是主从复合句？1. Theres a photo competition. (简单句)I want to win. (简单句)2. Theres a photo competition and I want to win. （并列句）简单句 并列连词 简单句3. Theres a photo competition that I want to win. （复合句） 主句 引导词 从句主句(main clause; principal clause)即句子的主体,能单独使用或出现的句子。从句(Subordinate Clause)：在复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who，whom，when，why，where, how，which等引导词引导的非主句部分。什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句, 定语从句在句中做定语成分。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后, 这种名词(或代词) 叫做先行词。通俗地说，先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的词。从句的特点：由引导词引导；从句的时态要服从于主句；从句的语序为陈述句的语序； 定语从句的结构通常为：先行词 + 引导词 + 从句先行词 引导词e.g.：Im looking for the photos that you took in Australia. 定语从句（that为引导词，在从句中代替 the photos。）引导定语从句的关联词分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中代替先行词。关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which等) 在定语从句中可用作主语、定语、宾语等；关系副词(when, where, why等)在定语从句中只用作状语。(一)关系代词引导的定语从句：先行词关系代词用：在定语从句中充当的成分 人who主/宾whom宾人/物that主/宾物which主/宾人/物whose定语关系代词当宾语时可省略e.g.：The photo (which) we liked best was taken by Zhao Min 定语从句 (which 为引导词，在从句中代替 the photo,并做从句中的宾语，可以省略。 ) whose 的用法：关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red. _.3. I lost a book. The title of it I cant remember now. _. 用恰当的关系代词完成下面的句子:(用横线划出主句。再用波浪线划出先行词) 1) I dont like the person _ talks much but does little.2) The cars _ are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.3) She is the person _I met at the school gate yesterday.4) The book _ my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.5) Whats the name of the young man _ sister is a doctor?6) The girl _father is a teacher studies very hard.如何将两个简单句合成一个含定语从句的复合句？ 步骤：找到先行词； 确定主句；（翻译）在整个从句之前加上引导词，且将从句中的“先行词”去掉，然后放在主句的先行词之后。Example: Mr. Smith had brought a car. The car was destroyed in an earthquake.分析：先行词car；主句：The car was destroyed in an earthquake. Mr. Smith had brought a car. which that Mr. Smith had bought. 结论： The car which / that Mr. Smith had bought was destroyed in an earthquake. 练习：Practice makes perfect!1. The building is our school. The building stands by the lake.The building _is our school.2. Here is the girl. The girl wants to see you. Here is the girl _.3. Yesterday we bought a book. The book is really hard to understand. _.4. Is this the play? We will see the play next month. _?5. Do you know anyone? His family is in Xian. _.6. I live in the room. Its windows face south. _.7. The chair has been repaired. The leg of it was broken. _.（二）关系副词引导的定语从句：先行词关系副词用：在定语从句中充当的成分时间名词When=at/in/on which时间状语地点名词Where=at/in/on which地点状语原因名词Why=for which原因状语E.g. 当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词which来代替:e.g. 1. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.2. He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning._当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词which来代替:e.g. 3. This is the house. / He used to live in the house. _.4. His uncle works in a factory bicycles are madeAthat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for which来代替:e.g. 5. I dont know the reason. / He did it for this reason. _.6. This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which注意点：要注意判断关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g. 1. This is the house He visited it yesterday. This is the house which/that / / he visited yesterday2. This is the house. He once lived in it. This is the house where/in which he once lived.Practice makes perfect!Group1: We will remember the day. We spent the day together. _We will remember the day. We worked on this day together. _Group2:. This is the reason. They told me the reason. _This is the reason. He turned(拒绝) the job for the reason. _Group3: This is the factory. My mother works in the factory. _This is the factory. we visited the factory last week. _（三）定语从句中特别注意的几个问题1 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1）、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.2）、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）2that与which的区别 1）用that而不用 which的情况 .当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing,等不定代词时e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me? . 当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如：The only thing that we could do was to wait. Thats the very thing that we can do. . 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：The first place that we visited was the Great Wall. .主句是以who, when等开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复。e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?/.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.e.g. We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常也可以省略。例如：He is no longer the man that he was.快速划出下列定语从句引导词只用that的标志词语。（练就火眼金睛）1）He was the first person that passed the exam. 2）This is the highest building that I have seen.3）Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 4）He answered few questions that the teacher asked.5）This is the same bike that I lost. 6）Daming was the last pupil that got to school yesterday. 7）I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.8）Who is the girl that is crying？ 9）Which is the book that you want to borrow.( ) 1.I dont know the teacher _ is talking with Miss Wang. A. what B. whom C. who D. which( ) 2. All the children like the teachers _ can understand them. A. who B. which C. what D. whom( ) 3.This is the best way _ has been used against pollution. A. where B. why C. which D .that( )4.The result of the experiment was very good，_ we hadnt expected. A. when B. that C. which D. who( ) 5.Beijing is the 29th city_ holds the Olympic Games. A. where B. that C. which D what( ) 6. He like music_ he could dance to. A. who B. that C. whom D. what( ) 7. The last place we visited was the Great WallAwhich Bthat CwhereDit (2）用which而不用 that的情况： 引导非限制性定语从句；指代前面整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. This is the room in which my father lived last year. 3. 介词+关系代词”考点分析关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whome.g. 1). The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now. The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.2). The chair is made of wood. He is sitting on it now. The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.3). He is a library assistant. I borrowed some books from him. _.4). It is a famous school. He graduated from it 3 years ago. _. 介词的确定不外乎三条:一是根据句子意思表达的需要。二是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配 。三是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配。根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配: 1). Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?2)The man _ you talked just now is a worker. A. whoB. whomC. to whomD. to who3)The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbor.A. with whom B. whenC. to whomD. which根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配:1) This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk. 2) Wu Dong, _whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.3) This is Peter _whose house I have lived for five years.1）. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. A .they both B. which bothC. both of themD. both of which2）. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it A. none of themB. both of whomC. none of whomD. neither of whom3）. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University.A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that4). I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which巩固与提升选出最佳选项:1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3. This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5. That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6. The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8. This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9. Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked10. The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that12. The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14. Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15. I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16. He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what18. Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19. I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20. He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21. The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A . which B. that C. whom D. who22. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24. I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25. Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26. I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together