定语从句易错点例说.doc

定语从句易错点例说 易错点一：不能透彻地理解关系词具有三功能。 (三种功能为：在从句开头引导一个定语从句；指代或替代“先行词”且先行词绝不可省，引导词有时可省；在定语从句中作适当成分。关系代词：that既指人又指物，既可作主语又可作宾语。which只能指物，既可作主语又可作宾语。who只能指人，既可作主语又可作宾语。whom指人，只能作宾语。whose既指人又指物，在句中作形容词性物主代词。关系副词：when,where,why) Put the book _ it should be when you have finished reading it. A. where B. in which C. at the place D. the place where 此题答案为A，但where并非引导一个定语从句，而是一个地点状语从句。学生极易选B或C。选B错在in which若引导定语从句，其前的先行词不可省，而book不能作表地点的先行词；选C若看成一个定语从句，倒是有了先行词the Place，但定语从句引导词在从句中要作表语，此时引导词不能省；引导词能省的情况是引导词在从句中作宾语的时候。I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C.what; that D.on which; when 此题答案为A，学生易选B。这里面特别要注意定语从句“关系词”的第三种功能即引导词要在从句中作适当的成分。work为不及物动词，不可能再由which作它的宾语，when刚好能代替the day又可作为句中状语，故前面为when；后一空中which能作spend这一及物动词的宾语，故答案为A。 请你练一练：1. We will put off the picnic next week,_the weather may be better.A.where B.when C.which D.that 2. The machines we use today are much better than_ we used ten years ago. A. those B. ones C. which D. them3. The day finally came _ she went to college. A. that B. but C. so D. when4. The Queen will visit the town in May,_she will open the new hospital. A. when B. then C. while D. as5. Would you please put the book _ it belongs? A. to whom B. to which C. to that D. where 易错点二：不能区别定语从句与别的从句或结构。 学生们极易弄混定语从句与强调结构，定语从句与状语从句、表语从句等之间的区别。It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET97) A. that B. until C. before D. when 此题学生极易选D而答案为A，选D恰恰是把定语从句与强调结构弄混了。这两种结构十分相似，稍不注意便会出错，而且这类题目刚好是最近几年高考考查的热点。判断是否是强调结构的正确方法是删除法，即将“it is(was)that”部分去掉，若整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话，也就是说此题去掉此部分后其结构完整正确，则只能看做强调结构。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out. A. that B. as C. so that D. which此题选B而易误选为A，选A是把as引导的定语从句与sosuchthat”类结果状语从句弄混淆了。so修饰先行词时用as引导定语从句且as刚好能作worked out这一及物性动词短语的宾语，故as正确；而选A则只能是“如此以至于”的结果状语从句，此时that不在从句中作成分，故此时worked out缺少宾语，因而选that错误。请你练一练：6. It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. (2001) A. which B. why C. that D. how7. Keep away from such things will do you harm. A. as B. that C. to which D. which8. Was it in the village _ we used to live in_ the accident happened? A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which9. He is such a funny sort of person _ I dont understand at all. A. who B. that C. whom D. as10. Is this hotel _ you said we were to stay in your letter? A. where B. which C. in that D. in which11 .The temperature can fall to - 30C. is 30C below freezing point. A. Which B. It C. That D. This12. Many old people like to live _ there are many trees and flowers. A. in which B. in that C. which D. where易错点三：不注意标点符号。 标点符号在定语从句中，尤其是以逗号连接主从句的非限制性定语从句中作用极大，又极易被学 生忽视。许多学生不注意符号的特定作用，认为只要主从句指代无误、翻译通顺就可以，因而常易导致错误。一般情况下两句话间以逗号连接，则两句话间应是一种逻辑上的主从关系(特殊情况除外)；另外that不能引导非限制性定语从句。Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much. (NMET99) A. it B. that C. when D. which 此题答案为D，而易错项为A和B。据逗号可知两句间应为主从关系，即后一部分只能是一从属于前一句子的从句，而which能引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面整句话且充当doubt的宾语，故D正确。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，it可作主语却无法引导一个从句。此题如果一定要用it代替前面一句话，则可考虑改为：Carolby October and personally l doubt it very much_ is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time. ( 1994) A. That B. This C. As D. It 此题学生极易混淆“it is known that”句型与as引导的非限制性定语从句。依据逗号可知，前一部分应为一从句，而让不能引导从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故答案为C。that的用法归纳如下：(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。(4) that可指人或物请你练一练：13. In our school there are 2000 students. About two fifths of are girls. A. whom B. who C. which D. them14. Deals going to join us, was agreed on the day before yesterday. A. it B. that C. what D. as15.h is said that we will move into the new school next term,_ it will be completely finished. A. by the time B. by which time C. by that time D. by this time16. The weather turned out to be pretty good in that area,_ we hadnt expected. A. that B. what C. where D. which 易错点四：不注意介词+关系代词引导定语从句时介词的习惯搭配。 一般来说选择合适的介词依据如下四点： 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配； 介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配； 介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性的短语； 表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时用介词 of。The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. (2000 ) A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 此题极易选A或C。依据习惯搭配只能说tell sbsth或tell sbabout sth(sb)，而不能说tell sbsb，故A和C有误，答案应为B。The train _ she is travelling is arriving.A. by which B. in which C. that D. which此题表乘车的搭配有by train及inon the train两种，但which代替的为the train，用by which则等于用by the train，可知其中多了一个the，故只好选B项 (in which；in the train)。请你练一练：17. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation_ he is likely to lose control over the plane. ( 2001 ) A. where B: which C. while D. why 18. The police arrived, the situation became calmer. A. when B. where C. which D. after which19. She liked to tell the same story again and again_ we had got tired. A. when B. that C. which D. of which20. In the office I never seem to have time until after5: 30 p. m., _ many people have gone home. ( 1995 ) A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which 21. In the dark street , there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help. (NMET92) A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 22. The film brought the hour back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 易错点五：不能准确断句。 许多学生或因粗心或因对句子结构理解不清而易出现一些错误。The rich, for _ money was not a problem,wanted to stay at an expensive hotel. A. their B. his C. whose D. whom 此题学生易把for看做表原因而选A，却不知for表原因往往表达的是推测原因或补充原因；又易看到whose可以修饰money而选whose，两种错误的原因在于断句不清，此句应断句为money was not a problem for the rich，for表“相对于”，故答案为DI can still remember the sitting-mom, my brother and I used to sit in the evening. A. which B. when C. that D. where 此题许多学生易把sit in看做含义上连在一起而选答案A，而实际上in与the evening是连在一起的，故答案为D。请你练一练：23. Next winter,_ you will spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be another exciting holiday. A. which B. when C. in which D. where24. Madam Curie, for _ life had once been very hard, was successful later. A. whom B. which C. whose D. that易错点六：不注意句子的结构。The largest collect