课件提纲ContrastiveStudy.doc

Unit 2 Contrastive Study of Chinese and EnglishLanguage Differencel From Structure1. 英语有形态变化,汉语没有严格意义的形态变化.English: gender, number, case, tense, voice, mood, degree of comparison, person and parts of speech. 汉语: 数量助词,动态助词,结构助词 比较：我给了他一本书. I gave him a book. 他给了我两本书. He has given me two books.他爸爸常常给他一些书. His father often gives him books2. 英语词序比较灵活，汉语词序相对固定.Not a finger did I lay on him.我从没有指责过他.他被剥夺了权利之后,只好离职,流落他乡.He had to quit the position and went in exile, having been deprived of his power.3.英语经常使用定冠词和不定冠词out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 绝不take a chair 请坐/就坐take the chair 主持会议/做主席a hundred and one 很多one hundred and one 一百零一She was with a child. 她带着一个孩子。She was with child. 她怀孕了。They are students of our school. 他们是本校的学生。They are the students of our school. 他们是本校的全部学生。I have lived here for more than a year. 我在这儿住了一年多了。I have lived here fore more than one year. 我在这儿住了超过一年了。4.汉语有丰富多彩的助词.吧今天不会下雨吧? It isnt going to rain today, is it?你好好想想吧! Just think it over.明天就明天吧. All right, lets make it tomorrow.咱们走吧. Lets go.打吧, 打不下去; 跑吧, 跑不了, 敌人只好投降. Unable to fight on or to escape, the enemy were forced to surrender.5.英语常用介词,汉语则少用介词. What is he at? 他正在干什么? John voted with the Tories. John 投票支持保守党. He is a man above vulgar interests. 他是一个脱离了低级趣味的人 It looks as if we are in for a storm. 看来我们免不了要碰上一场暴风雨了.l From Intonation1. 英语是语调语言,语音表意手段主要是语调和重音.You may not go. 你不可以去.You may not go. 你可以不去.You said he would COME.You said he WOULD come.You said HE would come.You SAID he would come.YOU said he would come.2. 汉语是声调语言,语音表意手段主要是声调. 我的衣服我的姨夫 我爱马我挨骂 我叫他去。Ill ask him to go.Ill go and call him. 我想起来了。Ill get up. Ive thought it out.3. 汉语注重音节均匀，成双成对:对偶,排比,反复,叠音Translate:重重叠叠山，曲曲弯弯路，叮叮咚咚泉，高高下下树 Escalating mountains, meandering paths, tinkling springs and interspersing trees.行行过太行, On and on past Taihang we walk迢迢赴延安. By and by to Yanan we make our way细细问故旧, Again and again with old friends we talk星星数鬓斑. One by one we count our hairs grey. l From Meaning1. Chinese grammar is flexible while English grammar is rigid.1) .汉语是意合语言,以神统形,注重逻辑,隐形连贯.人不犯我,我不犯人。We will not attack unless we are attacked.人到事中迷,就怕没人提. When a man is lost in a labyrinth, what he needs badly is a hint. As you sow, so will you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆He is smart as a rule, but this time a fool. 聪明一世，糊涂一时Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposite direction is inevitable. 物极必反Birds of the same feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分远在天边，近在眼前。Right here.一言既出，驷马难追。What is said cannot be unsaid.耳听为虚，眼见为实。Seeing is believing.差之毫厘，谬之千里。A miss is as good as a mile.佛要金装，人要衣装。Fine feathers make fine birds.There is no difference but difference of degrees between different degrees of difference and no difference. 实为五十步笑百步是也.2).英语是形合语言,必须使用关联词,以形式连接词语句去了也白去。Even if you go there it wouldnt do any good.无事不登三宝殿。I wouldnt come to you if I hadnt something to ask of you. 喝水不忘掘井人When you drink water, think of those who dug the well.2. Chinese has an overall perspective while English has an individual viewpoint.英语:重理性、重分析、重个体、严谨汉语:重感性、重悟性、重整体、含蓄 门吱呀一声开了, 进来一个人. The door squeaks open and in comes a person.人生来平等。All men are created equal.做人难，做女人难，做名女人更难。It is difficult for everyone to live in this world, esp. a famous woman.Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。No discord, no concord. 不打不相识; 不打不成交The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue. 敌进我退, 敌驻我扰, 敌疲我打,敌退我追.When those above behave unworthily, those below will do the same. 上梁不正下梁歪。Until all is over, ambition never dies. 不到黄河心不死。无官一身轻One who has no official duties has a light heart.3. Chinese language is implicit and concise while English language is explicit and elaborate.Figure of SpeechPun双关语: The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect. A bicycle cant stand on its own because it is two-tyred. His left brain has nothing right and his right brain has nothing left. I was arrested at the airport. Just because I was greeting my cousin Jack! All that I said was Hi Jack, but very loud. On Sunday, they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you. An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately. (Benjamin Franklin) Try our sweet corn, and youll smile from ear to ear. I saw a saw saw a saw. Its the buy buy time. Trust us. Over 5000 ears of experience. OIC! 春蚕不应老，昼夜常怀丝。 何惜微躯尽，缠绵自有时。 杨柳青青江水平，闻郎江上唱歌声。东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴。Why is an island like the letter T? Because it is in the middle of water. Why are Saturdays and Sundays so strong? Because they are not week/weak days. Why is a room full of married people like an empty room? Because there is not a single person there. What is the difference between the law and an iceberg? One is justice while the other is just ice. Why is death like the letter E? Because it is at the end of life. Why are soldiers tired on April 1st? Because they have just had a long march. When is a new hat like an old one? When it is worn. What starts with T, ends with T and full of T? Teapot. Why are movie stars so cool Because they have so many fans. Palindrome回文: a word or phrase that reads the same backward as forward a Toyota race car Put up if I put up! Able was I ere I saw Elba. Madam in Eden, Im Adam. No X in Nixon. The jail might have been the infirmaryThe infirmary might have been the jail Experience without learning is better than learning without experienceAnticlimax: a disappointing decline after a previous rise; an abrupt, unintended transition in style from the exalted to the commonplace, producing a ludicrous effect反高潮，突降法 The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes. The following was written on the gravestone of an army horse: “Here lies Maggie, the horse who in her time kicked a general, 2 colonels, 4 majors,10 captains, 24 lieutenants, 40 sergeants, 220 privates, and a bomb. Your future depends on your dreams. So go to sleep. The wise never marry, and when they marry they become otherwise. Love the neighbor. But dont get caught. One should love animals. They are so tasty. Behind every successful man, there is a woman. And behind every unsuccessful man, there are two. Save water. Sho