高中英语必修一Module6.doc

. Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and its accessible through a computer. It consists of millions of pages of data. In 1969, DARPA, a U.S. defence organisation, developed a way for all their computers to talk to each other through the telephone. They created a network of computers called DARPANET. For fifteen years, only the U.S. army could use this system of communication. Then in 1984, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) started the NSFNET network. It then became possible for universities to use the system as well. NSFNET became known as the Inter-Network, or Internet. The World Wide Web (the web) is a computer network that allows computer users to access information from millions of websites via the Internet. At the moment, about 80 percent of web traffic is in English, but this percentage is going down. By 2020, much web traffic could be in Chinese. The World Wide Web was invented in 1991 by an English scientist, Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee built his first computer while he was at university using an old television! He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland. Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just universities and the army. He designed the first web browser, which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers. From that moment on, the web and the Internet grew. Within five years, the number of Internet users rose from 600 000 to 40 million. The Internet has created thousands of millionaires, but Berners-Lee is not one of them. Everyone in the world can access the Internet using his World Wide Web system. He now works as a lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston.一、单词（一）单词表中的单词：6contain 包含；包括 access 接近；通路 crash （计算机）崩溃 keyword 密码；口令 log 记录；登录 software 软件 breakdown 故障 source 来源；出处 accessible 可进入的； 可使用的 data （复）数据 defence 保护；防卫 create 创造；发明 network 网络 via 途径；经由 percentage 百分数；百分率 design 设计 document 文件 invention 发明 permission 许可 military 军事的；军队的 concentrate 集中（注意力、思想等） definite 明确的 fantastic 极好的；美妙的 independent 独立的 essay 文章 pass 超过 frequently 时常；经常 disadvantage 弊端；缺点 average 平均的 statistics （复）统计数字 shorten 缩短 sideways 横着地；斜着地（二）课本方框中的单词：（含补充）monitor 监视器screen 屏幕mouse 鼠标CD-ROM 光驱keyboard 键盘hard disk 硬盘access 接近；通路click on 点击 crash 狼藉 download 下载email 电子邮件hardware 硬件Internet 因特网keyword 密码；口令log on/off 登录/下线modem 调制解调器（“猫”）personal computer 个人电脑software 软件store v.=储存 n.=商店surf 上网；冲浪method 方法website 网页accessible 可接通的 academic 学术的army 军队communication 交流consist of 由组成（主动）create 创造data 数据defence 防御develop 发展lecture(r) 讲座（讲师）military 军事的millionaire 百万富翁network 网络organisation 组织percentage 百分比source 来源system 系统university 大学web 网络web browser 网络浏览器concentrate 集中definite 明确enjoy 高兴fantastic 神奇的 favourite 最喜欢的 useful 有用 independent 独立 make sure 确信reason 原因studio 录音棚terrible 糟糕的；可怕的补充单词：tangible 有形的intangible 无形的double click 双击simple click 单击upload 上传modern 现代的log 木头；对数 communication 交流 crash 狼藉；崩溃 college 学院 creation 创造 date 日期；枣；约会 definitely=certainly=absolutely=100完全的 film studio 摄影棚二、词组（一）课本P117中的词组：consist of 由组成as well也become known as 作为而出名；被称为；叫作go down下降come up with 提出from that moment on 从那时起concentrate on 聚精会神；集中思想compared with 与相比concentrate on sth.=pay attention to =focus on集中在concentrate on doingspend(on)+doing （二）部分词组及其用法：communicate with与交谈become known as 作为而出名allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事via=through 通过at the moment 此刻going down 下滑by 到时come up with 提出 + suggestion 建议from that moment on 从那时起work as 作为而工作Massachusetts Institute of Technology 麻省理工学院have advantage over sb. 跟谁比有优势take advantage of sb. 占某人便宜text +（n. book ；v. sb.）修饰比较级：a little，much，far，evenshorten（v.）使变短widen the road 使马路变宽avoid doing 避免做某事a series of 一系列的三、语法（一）合成词语法精讲：【高中学习测评部分】 合成法即把两个或两个以上的词组成一个新词，由合成法产生的新词称之为合成词。合成词在英语中比较活跃。合成名词可以在句中作主语、宾语等；合成形容词多数作定语，有些也可以作表语；合成动词也很常见。1合成名词合成名词常见的构词方法如下：名词+名词 football；classroom形容词+名词 shorthand(速记法)；blackboard(黑板)动词+名词 breakwater(防波堤)；pickpocket(扒手)副词+动词 downfall(衰落，垮台)；outbreak(爆发)动词-ing+名词 sleeping-pill(安眠药)；waiting-room(休息室)名词+动词-ing handwriting(手写)；sunbathing(日光浴) 动词+副词 get-together(集合)；break-through(打破) 另外，还有一些其他方式构成的合成名词： go-between(媒人，中间人)；good-for-nothing(无用的人，懒惰的人) 请看如下例句： Sightseeing took up the whol emorning 观光花了一上午的时间。 Finally they reached a crossroad 最后他们来到了一个十字路口。 Smoking is not allowed during take-off 飞机起飞时不允许吸烟。2合成形容词 合成形容词常见的构词方法如下： 形容词+名词+ed goodtempered(脾气好的)；noble-minded(思想高尚的) 形容词+动词-ing. good-looking(好看的)； easy-going(脾气随和的) 形容词+过去分词 ready-made(现成的) 名词+动词-ing peace-loving(热爱和平的)； epoch-making(划时代的) 名词+过去分词 heartfelt(衷心的)； handmade(手工制作的) 名词+形容词 duty-free(免关税的)； self-satisfied(沾沾自喜的) 副词+过去分词 well-known(著名的)； widespread(流传广泛的) 副词+动词-ing hard-working(努力工作的)； far-reaching(意义深远的) 请看如下例句： He can speak a lot of everyday English他会说许多日常英语。 She is very outgoing 她很外向。3合成动词 合成动词常见的构词方法如下： 名词+动词 brainwash(洗脑)；sleep-walk(梦游) 副词+动词 outweigh(超重)；overcome(克服) 形容词+动词 safeguard(保护)；blackmail(敲诈) 请看如下例句： They are now massproducing this kind of instrument 他们正在大批生产这种仪器。 We managed tO overcome all the difficulties 我们设法克服了所有困难。4合成副词 形容词+名词 hotfoot匆忙地 形容词+副词 everywhere到处 副词+副词 however尽管如此介词+名词 beforehand事先 介词+副词 forever永远5合成代词 代词宾格+self herself她自己 物主代词+self myself我自己 形容词+名词 anything任何东西6合成介词 副词+名词 inside在里面 介词+副词 within在之内 副词+介词 into进入7截短法(缩略法) 截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。 (1)截头 telephonephone；aeroplaneplane；omnibusbus (2)去尾 mathematicsmaths； co-operatecoop examinationtiexam； kilogramkilo；laboratorylab；taxicabtaxi (3)截头去尾 influenzaflu；refrigeratorfridge；prescriptlonscript；8混合法(混成法) 混合法，即将两个词混合或各取部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前、半部分表示属性。 news broadcastnewscast 新闻广播； television broadcasttelecast 电视播送 smoke and fogsmog 烟雾；helicopter airportheliport 直升飞机场9首尾字母缩略法 首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音，作为一个单词读音。 very important personVIP(读字母音)要人，大人物；贵宾 televisionTV(读字母音)电视；Testing of English as a Foreign LanguageTOEFI托福10合成词的复数形式有下列几种情况： (1)以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式。例如：homework，newspaper等。 (2)以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。例如：woman doctor women doctors；man waitermen waiters (3)以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把名词变复数。例如： father-in-lawfathers-in-law (4)以“动词/过去分词+副词”构成的复合名词变复数时，在词尾加s。例如： grown-up grownups； stand-bystandbys（二）冠词的用法：一、不定冠词的基本用法1. 具有泛指的概念，表示“一类”或“其中的一个”。2. 初次提到某人或某物。3. 速度、比率、价格等，其意义相等于one或every。4. 用在某些物质名词前，该物质名词便具体化了。a coffee, a heavy rain5. 用在某些抽象名词前，该抽象名词前便具体化了。He has a knowledge of chemistry. The get-together was a great success.6. 用在专有名词前，表示类似的一个或某一个。He is a Kong Fansen. A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you.7. 表示“同一个”的意思。The two boys are of an