音标知识汇总修改.doc

音标知识总汇音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素. 音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 12个单元音：短元音e e i u 长元音 i: : a: u: : 8个双元音：ei ai u au i i e u辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音. 1) p 2) b 3) t 4) d 5) k 6) g7) m 8) n 9) 10) l 11) r 12) f 13) v 14) s 15) z 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) h 21) w 22) j 23) t 24) d 25) tr 26) dr 27) ts 28) dz 开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello 绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. 相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. 闭音节1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant 26个英文字母及发音音标如下:Aaei Bbbi: Ccsi: Dddi: Eei: Ffef Ggdi: Hheit Iiai Jjdei Kkkei Llel Mmem Nnen Oou Pppi: Qqkju: Rra: Sses Ttti: Uuju: Vvvi: Wwdblju: Xxeks Yywai Zzzi:zed辅音包括清辅音和浊辅音两大类。发音时声带不震动、送气的叫清辅音;发音时声带震动、不送气的叫浊辅音。轻辅音发音的时候声带不振动，如：k s f p 浊辅音发音的时候声带要振动，如：g z v b d如何区别清辅音与浊辅音，把音发到位。经常有朋友来询问如何区别这些音，尤其是p和b,td的音。这里简单给大家讲一下。发轻辅音的时候发音部位比较靠前，在口腔前部，不振动声带，发音的时候感觉人在往前倾，而发浊辅音发音部位比较靠后，在轰隆部位，发音时候感觉头在往后倾.元音音标表（20个）5个元音的字母音 a ei e i: i ai o u u u:5个元音的短元音：a e e e I i o u 元音发音规则表：英语发音规则 一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音 a 在开音节中 ei name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 e bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 i: he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 e bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 ai bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 i fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 u those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 ju: student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音,例如:June blue ruler 二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 a China another woman breakfast i orange comrade village cabbage e hundred student open weekend i chicken pocket begin children i /i holiday beautiful family animal ai exercise satellite o second tonight somebody welcome u also zero photo u autumn diffcult ju: popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读ei音,例如:operate u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读u(:)音,例如:July influence 三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 a在w音后面 发 want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 发 a: after plant graph ask grasp glass fast i在-nd -ld和gh前 发 ai find child light high o在-st -ld前 发 u most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 发 come monkey love mother 四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 ar a: far art ar在w音后面 : warm quarter towards or : forty morning short 在w音后面 : word worker worse er ir ur : certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 are e care dare hare ere i here mere ire ai fire hire wire ore : more score before ure ju pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读E音,例如:picture pleasure 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读r音. 例如:parent zero story during inspiring 六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音 ai/ay ei afraid rain wait day play air e air hair chair pair repair al : small ball talk wall all fall :l always also salt almost bald 在f m前 a: half calm au/aw : autumn daughter draw ea i: teach easy cheap please e heavy bread sweater weather ei break great ear i hear dear near clear year e bear pear wear : earth learn early ee i: jeep week green three eer i pioneer deer beer ei/ey ei eight neighbour they i: key eu/ew在 j l r s后 ju: new few newspaper u: flew brew ie/eis音之后 i: piece field receive oa u coat Joan boat goal oar/oor : roar board door floor oi/oy i noise point boy toilet oo u: broom food tooth school u book look cook foot good ou/ow au flower house count down u know row throw though young country enough u: group you soup our : course your four au our hour ours : journey ui 在j l r s后 ju:i fluid suicide tuition u: juice fruit suit 七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 ai/ay ei/ey i Sunday foreign monkey ow u yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读音或i. 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion n impression nation -sion在元音字母后 n vision decision occasion -tion在s后 t n question suggestion -sten sn listen -stle sl whistle -sure pleasure measure -ture t picture culture 八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读. 例如: everydayei handbag blackboardC: 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音. 例如: sun太阳 + dayei日子 Sundayi 星期天 holy神圣 + dayei日子 holidayi 假日 break中断 + fasta:斋戒 breakfastE 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板C: cupboardE 碗柜 九,辅字组的读音 b b bike bus bag / bomb tomb c k cake picture coat music c在e前或在i/y前 s face decide cinema ch t much chick rich teacher k school headache chemistry machine -ck k cock pocket black knock d d doctor bread hand day -dge d bridge fridge dr- dr children driver drink f f five four breakfast g g bag gardon go g在e i/y前 d orange large German gymgh f cough enough / light daughter high gu- -gue g guess league dialogue 在非重读音节中g w language h h hot head house hand / hour honest j d jeep jar joke join July k k kind bike skate make week kn- n knife know knock l l life milk school tall m m monkey come autumn -mn m autumn column n n not shine ten noten在k g音前 thank hungry -ng morning young wrong p p paper plane pig ship pen ph f elephant photo telephone q k Iraq qu- kw quality quite r r red rubber ruler s 在词首或清辅音前s sit sleep desk 元音字母间或浊辅音前 z music husband sc- sk schools muscle science sh she fish shirt wash t 在通常情况下 t ten letter meet 在弱读字母ia ie io前 patient nation tch t watch th 在通常情况下 thin thirty method 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 the these with than clothe father weather tr- tr tree train country truck v v very voice love leave w w week win wake sweet wait / answer two wh- w what when white why wh-在字母o前h who whose whole x ks box text exercise 在重读元音前gz examle exist exact wr- r write y- j yes yard yellow young z z puzzle zero zoo 重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号. 开音节 绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-