自考“英语”笔记.doc

湖南大学自考网 / 自考“英语（一）”笔记（15）11. random adj. 胡乱的，任意的，随意的n. 无目的或目标The way the books were arranged seemed completely random.（图书排列的方式似乎很随意。）This is just a random selection of all the complaints we have received about our after service.（我们只是对所收到的有关售后服务方面的投诉随意地选择了一下。）He opened the books at random.（他胡乱地打开了书。）When his wife was away， he piled the soiled dishes in the kitchen at random.（他妻子外出时，他把脏碟子乱七八糟地堆在厨房里。）12. categorize v. 分类 / category n. 种类；范畴；部门If you categorize the information you need to remember， you will find it much easier.（如果你把所需记忆的信息分类，你就会觉得记忆起来要容易得多。）They categorized 200 songs as folk songs.（他们把两百首歌归为民歌类歌曲。）These books fall into the category of reference books.（这些书属参考书类。）His research does not belong to the category of natural science.（他的研究不属于自然科学范畴。）13. following adj. 接着的，下述的prep. 在之后the following 如下He promised the old man that he would come and see him again the following day.（他答应老人第二天再来看他。）After the meeting the following teachers will stay.（会后，以下的老师请留下。）The following examples will prove my point.（下面的例子将证实我的观点。）Following the discussion a decision was made.（讨论之后便做出了决定。）Following the concert he went home.（音乐会后，他就回了家。）The following are worthy of your attention.（以下几点值得你们注意。）The winners of the competition are the following： （竞赛获胜者如下：）14. needless adj. 不需要的，不必要的Needless to say， I dont think much of the proposal he put forward at the meeting.（不用说，我觉得他在会上提的建议不怎么样。）You dont have to take such a needless risk.（你不用去冒这种不必要的险。）Dont you think it is a waste of time to give him so much needless are？（你不觉得给他这么多不必要的关心是浪费时间吗？）15. refer v. （ to ） 提到，涉及；参考，查阅；把归到上；使向请教；有关联reference n. 参考；提及；关联The whole thing is finished now， please dont refer to it.（整个事情都结束了，不要再提了。）He often refers to a dictionary for the spelling and meaning of a word.（他常常翻词典查阅词的拼写和意思。）He referred to her former classmates for her character.（他向她以前的同学询问她的品行。）He referred his defeat to poor health.（他把自己的失败归因于身体不好。）She referred me to Prof. Wang for detailed information.（他叫我去王教授那儿询问详情。）The doctor referred her to a heart specialist.（医生嘱咐她转诊于一位心脏病专家。）These answers are for reference only.（这些答案仅供参考。）His play is full of references to the political events of those days.（他的剧本涉及当时的许多政治事件。）16. relate v. （ to ） 有关联；叙述，讲述related adj. 有关的，相关的relation n. 关系，联系He related the story vividly to the whole class.（他向全班同学生动地讲述了那个故事。）I dont understand how the result related to / with the cause.（我不理解结果和原因如何关联。）If you want me to do this， you have to give me all the related material.（如果你想让我做这件事，你得把所有相关的材料给我。）Dont worry too much about them， they have very good relations.（别太为他们担心，他们的关系很好。）The two countries have established trade relations.（两国建立了贸易关系。）17. accurately adv. 准确地，精确地accurate adj. 准确的，精确的accuracy n. 准确，精确Remember that you have to do this work carefully and accurately.（记住，这项工作得做得细心而准确。）Right now I cannot give you a very accurate estimate.（现在我不能给你一个非常准确的估计。）He required that the typing should be done with great accuracy.（他要求打字必须十分准确。）18. memorize v. 熟记，记住Our English teacher asked us to memorize the words we learned today.（我们英语老师要求我们熟记今天所学的英语单词。）It is no easy thing for me to memorize all these telephone numbers.（熟记这些电话号码对我来说真不是一件容易的事情。）19. repeat v. 重复 repetition n. 重复I didnt quite catch what you said just now. Will you please repeat it？（我没有听清你刚才说的话，请你重复一遍，好吗？）We cannot repeat our mistakes.（我们不能重复自己的错误。）Repetition is necessary in language teaching and learning.（重复在语言教学中是必要的。）He memorized his lines after many repetitions.（经过多次重复他终于熟记了台词。）20. preserve v. 保护，维持；保存You will soon be near-sighted if you dont preserve your eyesight from now.（如果你不从现在起保护视力，你很快会近视的。）What do you think the United Nations can do in preserving world peace？（你觉得联合国能为维护世界和平做些什么？）Deep freezing is the simplest way of preserving food.（深冻是保藏食品最简便的方法。）词缀法1. 名词后缀 -ation； tion； sionorganization，visualization，information，preservation，integration，relation，association，repetition，separation，addition2. 动词后缀 -izeorganize，memorize，visualize，categorize，familiarize3. 名词后缀 -encereference，difference4. 名词后缀 -itysimilarity，familairity本课简介本课介绍了在如何增强记忆方面心理学所做的研究。信息的意义，组织，联想和想像是有助于记忆的几个基本原则。如何运用这些基本原则呢？课文对此一一作了介绍，条理十分清楚。学了本课，相信会有收获。本课语言点1. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.research 在本句中做名词，这个词也可以做动词用。请看下面的例句，注意research的词类和用法：1） An excellent piece of research won him the international prize.（一项出色的研究使他获得了国际大奖。）2） Research shows that the potential of mans brain is limitless.（研究表明人脑的潜力是无限的。）3） Much research has been done on / into diseases of blood.