《东击西话东西》doc版.doc

東擊西話東西20090728來賓介紹：蕭文乾，人稱問老師，就學經歷特殊，一三五年級於台灣，二四六年級於美國，國中台灣，高中美國，大學一半台灣，一半美國，台大外文，師大翻譯所，北京清華大學外語系博士班，曾任總統口譯，清華大學外語系講師，雙母語互學法發明人。節目介紹：由於問老師特殊經歷，可以藉由和德芳的訪談互動，帶給聽眾東西方文化上的特殊案例，東西方語文上的特殊趣味，以及東西方語文跟文化交集後的特殊可能性。節目結構：東家長分成文化層面語文層面兩大區塊，每週各舉一個特殊切入點，從這兩大區塊談論起。西家短分成文化層面語文層面兩大區塊，每週各舉一個特殊切入點，從這兩大區塊談論起。東家西家玩玩看將前面單元融合起來，產生所謂雙母語風格的新文化新語文。特別註明：東家長，不表示東方好；西家短，不表示西方壞。重點在於東加一點，西加一點，玩玩看。題目 秋蟬醜奴兒 辛棄疾少年不識愁滋味，愛上層樓，愛上層樓。為賦新詞強說愁。 而今識盡愁滋味，欲說還休，欲說還休。卻道天涼好個秋。有句話說：如人飲水，冷暖自知。水是涼的或熱的，只有喝水的人最清楚了；同樣的，辛棄疾這首詞也是如此，愁的滋味到底有多苦呢？只有親身體驗的人，才能夠了解。到那個時候，即使想說愁，愁反而不是言語所能夠形容了。這種心情，你不必急著知道，有一天自然會明白的。少年的時候，不知道什麼是愁的滋味；總喜歡登上高樓，像一般文人一樣，為了作一首新詞，沒有愁也勉強自己進入一片悲愁的氣氛中。如今，年紀大了，歷經世事，把愁滋味嚐遍，照理說，現在我應當可以痛快的傾訴一下心中的愁緒，但奇怪的是，我反而不知如何說出口了。只好淡淡的說：啊！天氣涼了，真是好個秋天！聲東擊西話東西，真是好個秋天。還是一樣，今天call-in號碼早點告訴大家，有兩個題目從頭到尾只要想到都可以打進來，一個中文，一個英文，節目要聽到後面才會講答案喔。第一題：蟬的英文是什麼？第二題： 是甚麼意思?Call-in號碼是:（東家長jingle）1. 東家長 1、 這首詞的作者辛棄疾，是位愛國詞人。當他出生的那年，正是岳飛領軍向北反攻，北宋人民群起響應，金人節節敗退的年代。然而，過了兩年，岳飛被害死了，只求偏安江南的南宋政府，居然屈辱的和金人談和，從此中原落入金人殘暴的統治。在北方淪陷區長大的辛棄疾，從小就富有民族意識。長大後便在家鄉聚集了二千多人，投入當時的抗敵領袖耿京的旗下，立下不少輝煌的戰功。二十三歲時，辛棄疾更率軍回到南方，打算一展抱負，收復北方的失地。然而，當時南宋政府根本沒有抵抗金人的決心，辛棄疾滿腔抱負落空了；又因為處處為人民著想，積極的作為，引起別人的猜忌，以致於兩度被迫離職，過了二十年閒散的生活。這使得滿懷壯志的他，心中非常痛苦，只好藉詞來表達心聲，因此他的詞豪放中別有一股悲涼的情懷。2、 東家語文文化 四個字如何讓寓義永遠不過時一葉知秋 從雙母語的角度出發來看，語文學習上當然也有一葉知秋的那片葉子。今天問老師好好重做馮婦，當個老師，來轉行教生物，看看三種葉子。1. 當小孩在背單字2. 當小孩在學文法3. 當小孩在模仿發音你就知道他的外語學習的酷秋來了。1. you will know its autumn when you see a leaf fall2. you will know there is fire when you see smoke3. you will know your child hates English when you see him memorizing words4. you will know your child hates English when you see him learning grammar2. 西家短1、 西家語文文化：一個字給西方人甚麼文化聯想The word autumn comes from the Old French word autompne (automne in modern French), and was later normalized to the original Latin word autumnus.2 There are rare examples of its use as early as the 12th century, but it became common by the 16th century.十六世紀前，秋天叫做harvest, 就是收穫，豐收，秋收。後來叫做fall 就是因為一年的氣溫開始往下掉，或者是樹葉開始往下掉。因此，與xxx墜入情網也叫做fall in love with xxx.落入xxx的魔掌也叫做fall victim to xxx.名落孫山的考生也叫做fall off the charts/listBefore the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season. However as more people gradually moved from working the land to living in towns (especially those who could read and write, the only people whose use of language we now know), the word harvest lost its reference to the time of year and came to refer only to the actual activity of reaping, and fall, as well as autumn, began to replace it as a reference to the season.34The alternative word fall is now mostly a North American English word for the season. It traces its origins to old Germanic languages. The exact derivation is unclear, the Old English fill or feallan and the Old Norse fall all being possible candidates. However, these words all have the meaning to fall from a height and are clearly derived either from a common root or from each other. The term came to denote the season in the 16th century, a contraction of Middle English expressions like fall of the leaf and fall of the year.5現在英國人都用autumn,美國人用fall比較多.During the 17th century, English immigration to the colonies in North America was at its peak, and the new settlers took their language with them. While the term fall gradually became obsolescent in Britain, it became the more common term in North America, where autumn is nonetheless preferred in scientific and often in literary contexts.兩大聯想之一: 豐收。例如：感恩節就是在中秋。Harvest associationAssociation with the transition from warm to cold weather, and its related status as the season of the primary harvest, has dominated its themes and popular images. In Western cultures, personifications of autumn are usually pretty, well-fed females adorned with fruits, vegetables and grains and wheat that ripen at this time. Most ancient cultures featured autumnal celebrations of the harvest, often the most important on their calendars. Still extant echoes of these celebrations are found in the mid-autumn Thanksgiving holiday of the United States, and the Jewish Sukkot holiday with its roots as a full moon harvest festival of tabernacles (huts wherein the harvest was processed and which later gained religious significance). There are also the many North American Indian festivals tied to harvest of autumnally ripe foods gathered in the wild, the Chinese Mid-Autumn or Moon festival, and many others. The predominant mood of these autumnal celebrations is a gladness for the fruits of the earth mixed with a certain melancholy linked to the imminent arrival of harsh weather.This view is presented in John Keats poem To Autumn where he describes the season as a time of bounteous fecundity, a time of mellow fruitfulness.edit Melancholy association兩大聯想之二：感傷。Autumn in poetry has often been associated with melancholy. The possibilities of summer are gone, and the chill of winter is on the horizon. Skies turn grey, and people turn inward, both physically and mentally.6 Rainer Maria Rilke, a German poet, has expressed such sentiments in one of his most famous poems, Herbsttag (Autumn Day), which readsWho now has no house, will not build one (anymore). Who now is alone, will remain so for long, will wake, and read, and write long letters and back and forth on the boulevards will restlessly wander, while the leaves blow. Similar examples may be found in William Butler Yeats poem The Wild Swans at Coole where the maturing season that the poet observes symbolically represents his own aging self. Like the natural world that he observes he too has reached his prime and now must look forward to the inevitability of old age and death. Paul Verlaines Chanson dautomne (Autumn Song) is likewise characterized by strong, painful feelings of sorrow. Keats To Autumn, written in September 1819, echoes this sense of melancholic reflection, but also emphasises the lush abundance of the season.Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run; To bend with apples the mossd cottage-trees, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core; To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells With a sweet kernel; to set budding more, And still more, later flowers for the bees, Until they thin