THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION_PPT英语课件下载.ppt

the industrial revolution,the industrial revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. it began in the united kingdom, and then subsequently spread throughout western europe, north america, japan, and eventually the rest of the world.,background of the industrial revolution the british industrial revolution was a necessary result of the social development in britain. capitalist system was established in britain. the enclosure in britain caused many farmers to lose farmland and became free labor. enclosure, carrying trade and robbery, and the black slave traffic accumulated large funds. manipulatory manufacture collected a huge mass of techniques. enclosure, carrying trade and robbery got rich raw material. in the mid-18th century, great britain growing to be a colonial empire, it had the widest colony in the world. the social developments need the industrial revolution. (direct reason),process of the industrial revolution(17501850) 英国工业革命首先出现于棉纺织工业。 1733年，凯伊发明了“飞梭”，大大提高了手工织布的速度，满足了纺纱更快的要求。 1766年，哈格里夫斯发明了珍妮纺纱机，可以使一个手工劳动者纺纱效率提高十倍。 瓦特为寻求更有效的能源发明了蒸汽机，1785年他所改良的蒸汽机首次投入使用为纺织提供风力能源，这个发明为纺织业带来一场真正的“革命”。 1814年，史蒂芬孙制造了第一台蒸汽火车头，标志了工业革命一个新阶段的开始。,飞梭,手摇纺纱机,水力纺纱机,自动织布机,瓦特改良的蒸汽机,16世纪纺织业手工工场,工业革命后的纺织工厂,还认得这艘船吗？到1912年蒸汽动力仍在英国广泛使用。,effect of industrial revolution the industrial revolution was completed firstly in britain, which made britain become the first industrial country in the world. the industrial revolution turned britain into the “workshop of the world.” british products flooded the world market. in this revolution, manual labor was replaced by machines. the british bourgeoisie amassed large amounts of wealth through trade, plunder and colonization. no other country was strong enough to match britain in the nineteenth century.,the industrial revolution simplified the class structure in britain. the industrial revolution pushed the middle class (the industrial and commercial classes) to the dominant position in the country. opposed to them was the proletariat that was called into existence by the industrial revolution. as a result, the class contradiction between the capitalists and the proletariat, or capital and labor, became the major problem in english society. the gravitational center of economy in england also changed. corn law high tariffs agricultural south decline central and north england (raw materials and cheap labor for industry),the lower-middle class, which populated the novels by dickens and some other progressive writers, was mainly composed of small traders. adam smith the wealth of nations the industrial revolution had made the productive force improved. the goods on the market were more and more abundant, which consolidated the position of bourgeois. the industrial revolution started the process of urbanization; advanced production mode and technical were spread to all over the world. the ind