SAT语法学习讲义.doc

SAT免费在线做题测评网SAT语法学习讲义SAT语法学习讲义 修辞倒装1.在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly.when, no sooner.than, by no means, under no circumstances 等开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。 例如： Never have I come across such a difficult problem. 我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。 Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少读这种杂志。 No sooner had they left than the bus arrived. 他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。2.在以only+状语开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。否则就不倒装。 例如： Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb. 只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。 (注意：only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。) Only then did I realize the importance of English. 只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。 Only in this way can we improve ourselves. 只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。 Only after you finish it can you leave. 只有结束它以后，你才能离开。(主句倒装) 注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。 如： The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations. 只有在艰苦的谈判以后，合同才得以签署。 (改成倒装：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.) Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room. 只许资深的职员使用这个房间。3.用于以表示处所、声音等意义的副词开头的句子。用表示运动的不及物动词(如go, come, rush, fly 等)作谓语时，为了表示生动，可将某些副词放在句首，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成倒装结构。 例如： Away flew the birds. 鸟儿飞走了。 Out went the children. 孩子们出去了。 Down came the rain. 下起大雨来了。 Bang went the firecracker. 爆竹砰的一声响了。 The door burst open and in rushed a stranger. 门突然开了，一个陌生人冲了进来。4.用倒装来避免头重脚轻，使句子显得平衡。这主要是因为主语过长或强调表语或状语。 例如： At the center of the big room over there is a table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America. 在那边那个大房子的中央有一张用从南美洲的巴西进口的木头做成的桌子。 (正常语序：A table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America is at the center of the big room over there. 这句话主语和谓语间隔太长，不平衡。) Written in English on the blackboard were these words: Merry Christmas! 在黑板上用英语写着这么几个字：圣诞快乐! Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students parents. 出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生们的家长。 Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 金字塔里面是国王和王后们的墓穴和通往墓穴的长通道。翻译练习(地点状语放在句首，倒装)：1)在那棵大树底下坐着一个老农民。 Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer.2)教室的外面站着一个男孩。 Outside the classroom stood a boy.3)农舍后面是一片稻田。 Behind the farmhouse was a rice field. 4)小山脚下有一个美丽的小湖。 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.SAT语法学习笔记 语法倒装1.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句要倒装 Shall I open the door? 要我开门吗? Can you read this poem in German? 你能用德语朗诵这首诗吗? When will there be lasting peace in the world? 什么时候世界上才能有持久的和平?2.There be 句型当中。There be 句型表达的意思是：某处有.。这个句型的主语在谓语动词后面，因此这是倒装语序。 There are not many people who want to read this book. 想看这本书的人不多。 There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave. 在这个洞里曾经住过一群狼。 There happened to be a taxi parked at the gate. 碰巧门口停着一辆出租车。3.当连词as 表示虽然、尽管引导让步状语从句时，句子要倒装，as 相当于though,可以替换。 如： Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it. 尽管原子很小，我们可以击碎它。 Tired as/though he was, he went on working. (=Although he was very tired, he went on working.) 虽然他很累，他还是接着工作。 Cold as/though it was, we went out. 虽然天气冷，我们还是出去了。4.虚拟语气条件从句中的if 被省略时，要把从句中的were, had 或should 移到主语之前。(if 的省略、倒装只限于从句中有were, had 或should这三个词时。) 例如： If I had been in your place, I wouldnt have given it up so early. =Had I been in your place, I wouldnt have given it up so early. 如果我在你的位置，我不会这样早放弃。 If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west. =Were he to succeed, the sun. 如果他能成功，太阳就会从西边出来。5.以so开头的，表示也一样，也这样的句子要倒装。So 用于肯定句，代替上文中的形容词、名词或动词，通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人或物。结构是so + be (do, have 其他助动词或情态动词)+主语。 如： Production is going up, so is the peoples standard of living. 生产不断发展，人们的生活水平也一样。 Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了， 社会上的人也变了。 Coal is under the ground, and so is oil. 煤在地底下，石油也是。注意：在so.that.结构中，如果so 在句首，通常也用倒装结构。 例如： So easy is it that a boy can learn it. 那很容易，小孩子都能学。 (原句是：It is so easy that a boy can learn it.) So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly. 他说得很快，我们简直听不清楚。 (原句是：He spoke so rapidly that we could hardly understand him clearly.)6.以neither与nor开头的句子，表示也不时，句子倒装。Neither 与nor 意思相同，可以互换。Neither, nor 用于否定句，通常指前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他人或物。结构是：Neither (nor) + be (do, have, 其他助动词或情态动词) +主语。 例如： I wont do such a thing. Nor/Neither will anyone else. 我不会做这样的事，别人也不会。 The first one wasnt good and neither was the second. 第一个不好，第二个也不好。7.以here, there, now, then 等副词开头的句子中。习惯上用一般现在时(除以then开头的句子用过去时)。 例如： There comes the bus! 汽车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Now comes your turn. 该轮到你了。 Then came a new difficulty. 接着来了个新难题。Then followed three days of heavy rain. 后来连着下了三天大雨。Up went the plane. 飞起来了飞机。Our rushed a cat from under the bed. 从床底下窜出一只猫。Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。注意：在这种句型中，如果主语是代词时就不倒装。 例如： Here you are. 给你。 There he comes. 他来了。 Here it is. 这就是。8.在表示祝愿的句子中。 如： May you have a pleasant trip. 祝你旅途愉快。SAT语法笔记 陈述句1，主语从句。“that+陈述句”在主语位置即成主语从句：Stuart is ugly。That Stuart is ugly is a fact.。That Malaysians dont speak good English is obvious。更常见的是用it式主语置于句首，而将主语从句放在句末。例如：It is a fact that Stuart is ugly。It is obvious that Malaysians dont speak good English。因此下面都是常见的主语从句句型：(￥)It is +过去分词 +that 从句(found, believed, reported, thought, noted)It is +形容词 +that 从句(clear, possible, likely, natural, certain, fortunate, necessary, strange)It is +名词(短语) +that 从句(a pity, a shame, an honor, a good idea, a miracle)2，宾语从句。“that+陈述句”在宾语位置即成宾语从句：I think (that) you turned off the light。We know (that) women love shopping。She believed (that) her child was premature。只有宾语从句中的that才可以省去，其他名从that不省。3，表语从句。“that+陈述句”在表语位置即成表语从句：My idea is that the students should be more open to each other。The reason is that he was careless and irresponsible。(考点)4，同位语从句。“that+陈述句”在同位语位置即成同位语从句：所谓同位语，就是用来补充说明名词的成分。The rumor that Tom washed his socks once a month turned out to be untrue。Our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal。A saying goes that tomorrow is another day。SAT语法讲义 一般疑问句1，主语从句： does she love dog-walking?Whether she loves dog-walking or not is unknown。2，宾语从句：I dont know if/whether whether she loves dog-walking3，表语从句：My concern is whether you are a student or not。4，同位语从句：They are faced with the problems whether they should continue to play。补充：if whether区别1)if一般用于引导宾语从句，而whether可引导所有名词从句If he comes or not makes no difference。The question is if he will arrive。2)if 不和or not直接连用，一般不说 if or not。但可以说 if or not 。而whether没有此限制。I dont know if or not he arrives。I dont know whether or not he arrives。SAT语法复习 特殊疑问句There arose the question where we could get the loan。I have no idea what gender he is。Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery。I dont know how many letters I have written to her。NBA is what I am crazy about。How China should develop next is a serious problem。Excuse me, can you tell me where the post office is?My question is where we are going to have our holidays。The point is whose book is the most horrible。Whoever comes will be welcomed。Whatever is left over is yoursDo whatever you please。Read whichever books you please。Ill give it to whichever of you wants it。SAT语法知识 名词从句名词从句是SAT语法知识中的一个重点，在英文中，名词或名词短语主要充当四种成分，主语、宾语、表语和同位语。如果我们把句子当作名词来使用，分别在另一个句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，于是就构成了我们今天要讲的SAT语法知识中的四种从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为以为这四种从句在本质上相当于名词的作用，所以我们把他们统称为名词从句。三种句子来充