阅读理解题的答题技巧.docVIP

阅读理解题的答题技巧 在快速浏览全篇文章，了解文章内容的基础上，应该注意以下几点： 1.抓住文章的句首 文章中的第一句话往往是短文中的关键一句，是文章的主题句，是引领全文内容的窗口，了解句首的关键句在做阅读理解题时很重要的。 2.仔细观察段首段尾 每段的首句和尾句一般是表达文章中的主题和中心思想的，各段的段落大意往往概括在一个主题句中，其它的句子只是对主题句子的补充、说明、解释或者引申。所以说应该仔细阅读好段落的开头和结尾。 3.进行合理的推理 对文章有了详细、全面的了解以后，就要按照文章的要求、上下文的逻辑关系，作出合理的推理和判断。阅读理解涉及词汇、句型、段落结构、语法、文化背景等各方面的因素。答题时候应该领会句子之间的逻辑关系，特别是相邻句子之间的逻辑关系，这样有利于理解全文。表示逻辑关系的标志性的连接词有副词、代词、介词、关系词、插入语等，所以在通读的时候应该特别注意如：if,because,though,as,which,it,and,but,however,therefore,so,for,example,Im afraid,so that,so.that. 因为他们在文中往往起着条件、原因、让步、指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目的、承上启下等作用，分布在文章中的各个位置，正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用，对阅读文章有很大的帮助。 如下面的这篇文章：去年北京高考题， The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（身体上）. Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels. On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we dont have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle. The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous. Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.From Paragraph 1, we learn that _.A. diet products fail to bring out peoples potentialB. people have difficulty in choosing diet productsC. diet products are misleading peopleD. people are fed up with diet productsOne psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _.A. try out a variety of diet foods B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foodsC. pay attention to their own eating habits D. watch their weight rather than their dietIn Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means _.A. losing weight is effortless B. it costs a lot to lose weightC. diet products bring no pain D. diet products are free from caloriesDiet products indirectly harm people physically because such products _.A. are over-consumed B. lack basic nutrientsC. are short of chemicals D. provide too much energy从问题的第一题就可以看出，此题考查学生理解和归纳的能力，We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. 这一句的so.that.很关键，还有第四句中的for products that harm us ，从这两句中可以总结出“减肥产品在误导人们”。我相信这里面有一些学生看不懂选项的意思，因为觉得里面有一些新的单词，如：misleading其实在阅读中应该学会两中方法解决单词的意思，就是学会拆词和猜词，例如mis-leading可以拆分成两个部分，后面的意思很明朗“导向”而加上前面的前缀，一般情况下，前面的前缀mis起相反的意思，那么就是误导了。 第二题，第二段起关键作用，第二段的意思为：我们在心理上，饮食产品的显著削弱。在一个层面上，我们并不容许我们的大脑承认，我们的体重有问题不在于在实际上失去了重量，但在控制消费脂肪，高热量，不健康的食品。饮食产品，让我们跳下去超过思想的阶段，直行为规模（秤），而不是。所有我们要做的，是吞下或承认“饮食”在食物标签。所以大家应该注意一些关键的句子，很显然原因就是D“注意体重而不是饮食”。这个题目属于中等难度题，北京考生正确率为52%,所以说往往这些题目容易拉开考生之间的距离。 下面的一些习题讲解我不做一一介绍了。题海无边，但是只要总结好方法，就能驾驭题海。 从上面的一些问题设计来看：阅读理解中存在以下几个方面的陷阱， （1），无中生有，在做这类题的时候往往会遇到一些被命题者优异捏造的信息组成干扰项。 对策：仔细阅读文章，看看选项中提及的在文章中有否依据，按照依据答题，千万不要主观臆断。此外，一定要注意题干中有无向：In the authors opinion或According to the passage等限定词语。 （2），偷梁换柱，就是不经意间命题者采用大部分与文章中语句结构相似的句子出现在选项中，而这些句子只有几个词语甚至一个词语与文章中的词语不同。所以大家应该仔细答题，看清问题的细节部分。 （3），张冠李戴，命题者常在设计问题的时候，把文中一些人的观点变成作者的观点，把一些事物的特征说成另一个事物的特征。所以大家在做题的时候一定分清楚它们之间的关系，哪些是作者的意图？那些是文章的正观点，哪些是文章中的反面观点和否定的观点。（4），以偏概全，鱼目混珠，在做阅读的时候往往有一些学生平时做题目慢，在考试的时候时间不够用，常常会在做阅读理解的时候压力比较大，因为作文还在后面等着自己写呢，可是时间不多了，因此在做一些问题的时候往往不细看，。命题者恰好利用这些把一些选项设计成陷阱，用一些不具体的