gaozhong主谓一致.doc

主谓一致以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题1. 由and/bothand连接的并列主语1） 由and或 bothand连接的并列结构作主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 Eg: Both parents and children are here. Rain, hail and wind have caused an estimated ￥22,000,000 damage to crops and livestock.2)如果作主语的并列结构并不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单数意义，则动词用单数。Eg: Ham and eggs is a good breakfast.Brown and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon.A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat.The secretary and treasurer is absent.3）有一些带连词and的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，随后的动词用复数。Eg: Good and bad taste are inculcated by example. (good and bad taste = good taste and bad taste) What I say and think are no business of yours. (what I say and think = what I say and what I think )4)当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every, 或者 many a 等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。Eg: Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy. Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.2. 由or/nor/eitheror等连接的并列主语由or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, not only but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。Eg：My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home.Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon.Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.3. 主语+as much as 等当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。Eg: Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss. Her brother rather than her parents is to blame. My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go there again. 4.主语+as well as 等当主语后面跟有由as well as, with, along with, together with, besides, except, including等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的形式。Eg: The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.The father, as well as his sons, is going to enroll.以-S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题1.以-S结尾的学科名称某些以-S结尾的学科名称，如physics（物理学），mathematics（数学）, politics（政治学）, economics（经济学）, athletics（体育学）,等通常做单数用.2.以-S结尾的地理名称某些以-S结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如 the United States, the United nations, the Netherlands（荷兰），作单数用。Eg: The United States is a country of people with varied origins.但若不是国名，而是山脉，海峡，瀑布等地理名，通常用复数用。Eg：The Himalayas(喜马拉雅山) have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. 3.其他以-S结尾的名词一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-S结尾，如scissors（剪子）, glasses, shorts（短裤）, trousers（裤子）等。这一类名词，如果不带“一把”“一副”“一条”等单位词而单独使用，通常做复数。Eg: Joes new trousers are black and white.PS: One pair of scissors isnt enough.以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题1.通常做复数的集体名词有些集体名词，如people, police, cattle, youth, 等通常做复数，随后的动词用复数Eg: The youth of our country are given more opportunities than before.2.即可作单数也可作复数的集体名词audience, class, family, public, team, government等，如将各该名词所表示的集体视为一个整体，则动词用单数。 Eg: Our family owns a cute dog.如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上，用复数Eg: The team are very diligent.以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题1.以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语1）如果数量概念被看做一个整体，动词用单数；如果被看做组成该数量的一个个的个体，则动词用复数。Eg: Six months is too short a time. Two hours is enough.2)如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数（或百分比）+of- 词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定Eg: Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. Thirty-five percent of the doctors were women.3)两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数，也可用复数。Eg: Forty minus fifteen (40-15) leaves twenty-five. Forty divided by eight (40/8) is five. Seven plus/and five (7+5) makes/make twelve. Five times eight (5*8) is/are forty.2.以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语如果主语是all of ,some of , none of , half of, most of等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定Eg: Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player.3. a（great）number of