高考完形填空策略.doc

“死伤：无数！ 伤亡比例：不知道！ 战况：我军必胜！” 吉尔伯特战役高考完形填空的命题特色、变化及备考策略首句不设空高考完形填空一般首句不设空，保留一个完整的提示句以引导考生迅速有效的把握文章的基调和内容。考生应重视理解这个提示句，联系文章结尾做充分理解，不能一睹而过，错失把握文章主旨的良机。备选答案多以实词为主、虚词为辅 实词：动词、名词、形容词、副词 虚词：连词、介词、代词此命题思想提高了考试难度，同时成为重要的备考指导原则形式为内容服务的原则。考生应把解题突破口放在整体把握文章信息上，而避免从单一的语法角度解题。由从四个选项中选择一个“正确答案”过渡为选择“最佳答案”一字之差，有质的变化。对考生的语言能力提出更高的要求，考生需要辨析备选词的细微差别，依据语境，联系上下文做出更准确、更贴切的选择，而不能仅仅从语法角度解题。突出语篇语境选择为主，语法选择为辅从高考完型近几年的变化可以看出，只需要依据空句本身就可以看出答案的小题只占10%-20%，需要跨越句子解题的占80%以上，其中有相当比例的小题需要纵观全篇才能做出正确选择。这就需要考生解题时把注意力放在对通篇的把握上，不要做单句理解，割裂语篇要传递的信息。短文题材向多样化发展从多年的高考完型来看，试题大多是叙述文体的小故事。随着高考英语水平的升级，完型填空已经突破了单一的叙述文体，可能在以叙述文体为主的情况下，出现说明文、议论文甚至描写文体。考查重点向突出细节描写、刻画人物内心活动、渲染感情色彩夹叙夹议的方向发展。考生应关注此变化，平时训练中应尝试多样化的试题，做到有的放矢。高考完形填空考查能力的角度高考完型填空通常从五个角度考查考生的语言能力，即：词义辨析型固定搭配和常用短语型利用上下文进行逻辑推断型语境型利用文化背景和文化常识进行推断型1、 词义辨析型定义重点考查考生对英语实词的意义和用法的掌握，尤其是对近义词或短语在具体语境中词义范围、程度、感情色彩等区别的准确把握。例题分析例1As I drove my blue Buick into the garage, I saw that a yellow Oldsmobile was 21 too close to my space. I had to drive back and forth to get my car into the 22 space. That left 23 enough room to open the door.21. A.driven B.parkedC.stopped D.stayed22. A.complete B.closeC.narrow D.fixed23. A.quite B.nearlyC.seldom D.hardly例2.they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to 39 .39. A.stand B.acceptC.know D.share解题认识 词义辨析往往需要借助语境和上下文的逻辑关系进行判断，而不是单纯的考查词义的区别。2、 固定搭配和常用短语型定义主要考查动词、名词、形容词等在句中与其它词的灵活搭配以及常见的常见的固定短语。例题分析Hidden passengers traveling in ships, trains, or even cars can be a terrible trouble especially when they are insects. As for this, there is a great 36 between human beings and insects. The former 37 every possible effort to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly 38 attention to themselves.36. A.connection B.differenceC.communication D.similarity37. A.do B.takeC.make D.try38. A.give B.keepC.pay D.draw解题认识固定搭配的考查也往往结合语境和上下文，体现了高考“内容为重，形式为辅”的原则。3、 利用上下文进行逻辑推断型定义这类题的别选选项为隐性信息，需要借助上下文相关信息（相近或者相反）和关键提示词才能做出判断。例题分析例1In it (the parcel) were photos of all the actors of our show, personally signed by each performers. There were also 50 of the public procession (游行队伍) and fireworks in the park, taken by the front-desk in her own time after work.50. A.rules B.picturesC.handbooks D.performances例2The huge mountain is called Matterhorn Mountain. Climbers had reached the top, using the southern route. But no one had ever dared to try a winter climbing up the 4 side. But now one man was daring to try the 5 route. He was Walter Bonatti, a great mountain climber from Italy.4. A.western B.eastern C.southern D.northern5. A.different B.difficult C.same D.easy解题认识根据上下文进行逻辑判断属于较难的考点，考生务必要善于抓住上下文的关键信息点，以及表达对等、对比关系的连接词和短语。从意群的角度作出判断，切忌做单句理解和判断。4、 语境型完型定义审题和解题时需要通篇考虑，整体理解。要有整体意识，把握文章主旨，情节发展和作者思路。例题分析Dear Laura ,I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in todays world. Well, Im here t give you 36 .I wanted to do something very 37 for my fifteen-year-old son, who has always been the perfect child. He 38 all the summer to earn enough money to buy a used motorcycle. Then, he spent hours and hours on it until it looked almost new. I was so 39 of him that I bought him the shiniest helmet and a riding outfit.I could 40 wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before. Upon awakening, I went to the kitchen to start the coffee, tea and morning goodies. In the living room was a beautiful keyboard with a 41 :“To my wonderful mother, all my love, your son.”36. A.hope B.adviceC.support D.courage37. A.polite B.similarC.special D.private38. A.played B.studiedC.traveled D.worked39. A.sure B.fondC.proud D.confident40. A.perhaps B.reallyC.almost D.hardly41. A.note B.noticeC.word D.sign解题认识在解答语境类题型时，要善于通过抓主题句或者归纳主旨把握整个篇章的语境，以判断作者的写作目的、态度以及思想情感，以此为主线把握情节的发展；同时解题过程中要兼顾到上下文逻辑关系。5. 利用文化背景和文化常识进行推断类题型定义语言是文化的载体，考查语言运用能力的同时，有时需要考生运用所应该掌握的一些文化背景和文化常识协助解题。例题分析例1Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the papers to 30 .30. A.check B.readB.keep D.sign例2 English is spoken as 9 language by nearly three hundred million people: in the United States, Britain, Australia, Canada and South Africa. As a second language, English is often used for 10 business, education, information and other activities in a great many countries such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Singapore and Philippine.9. A.the first B.an official C.a native D.a state10. A.some B.allC.private D.official解题认识需要利用文化背景和常识进行判断的题型通常是作为一个英语学习者应该而且能够掌握的，通常难度不大，但是也需要考生在日常的阅读和学习中加强积累，增强学习的乐趣。综合试题解析例1 （上下文逻辑推断和文化常识篇）No one can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we 1 correctly the signs around us we can 2 what the more changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or two is called weather forecasting. For many countries and in all countries people have 3 the weather and tried to 4 weather forecasting.Sometimes 5 objects such as hills and tall trees seem to be very clear and near. This is a 6 of much water vapor in the 7 and therefore rain will probably come. Rings round the sun are a sign of coming rain. Many people feel in their 8 the coming of wet weather. Their joints(骨关节) ache. Some birds fly 9 as fine weather is coming but they fly near the ground if 10 or stormy weather is 11 the way.It is probably because of the insects(昆虫) which they are hunting 12 they 13 fly. If you see a rainbow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such 14 always come in the evening. If the stars 15 clearly at night, then fair weather will 16 .If a fog appears in the morning just about sunrise, then the day will be warm. Instead, if a fog appears in the evening the next day will be wet 17 . If the sunset is mostly red in 18 , then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. Most of the 19 sayings have been made by people who have used their 20 and brains to make weather forecasting.1. A.see B.look C.read D.take2. A.tell B.talk C.speak D.point3. A.studied B.learned C.searched D.researched4. A.make B.lead C.finish D.remain5. A.small B.away C.near D.distant6. A.sight B.sign C.mark D.shape7. A.air B.sky C.earth D.heaven8. A.legs B.arms C.skins D.bones9. A.high B.low C.fast D.slowly10.A.wet B.dry C.rainy D.sunny11. A.by B.in C.for D.on12. A.that B.which C.where D.when13. A.high B.low C.fast D.slow14. A.as B.rainbows C.day D.weather15. A.twinkle B.appear C.bright D.seem16. A.begin B.stop C.continue D.be17. A.day B.weather C.hour D.time18. A.edge B.surface C.color D.centre19. A.above B.below C.interesting D.important20. A.bodies B.hands C.eyes D.legs例2 （语境篇和词义辨析篇）One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I 36 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, 37 he knew me. The man had a newspaper 38 in front of him, which he was 39 to read, but I could 40 that he was keeping an eye on me. When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled(困惑) by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other. He seemed even more puzzled as 44 went on and it became 45 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the 46 . When he came out, he paid his bill and 47 without another glance in my direction. I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 48 .“Well,”he said, “That man was a detective(侦探), he 49 you here because he thought you were the man he 50 .”“What?”I said, showing my 51 . The owner continued,“He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I 52 say he looked very much like you! Of course, since we know you, we told him that he made a 53 ”.“Well, its really 54 I came to the restaurant where Im known,”I said,“ 55 ，I might have been in trouble.”36. A.knew B.understoodC.noticed D.recognized37. A.since B.even ifC.though D.as if38. A.flat B.open C.cut D.fixed39. A.hoping B.thinkingC.pretending D.continuing40. A.see B.findC.guess D.learn41. A.menu B.billC.food D.paper42. A.direct B.familiarC.strange D.funny43. A.chatted with B.looked atC.laughed at D.talked about44. A.the weather B.timeC.subject D.I45. A.clear B.puzzleC.unknown D.delightful46. A.restaurant B.kitchenC.restroom D.office47. A.left B.actC.sat down D.calm down48. A.wanted B.triedC.ordered D.wished49. A.met B.caughtC.followed D.discovered50. A.was to beat B.was dealing with C.was to meet D.was looking for51. A.care B.surpriseC.regret D.worry52. A.must B.canC.need D.may53. A.discovery B.mistakeC.decision D.fortune54. A.a pity B.naturalB.a chance D.lucky55. A.Thus B.However C.Otherwise D.Therefore例3 （综合篇）The measure of a mans real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out. Thomas MacaulaySome thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs.Nanette ONeil gave an arithmetic 1 to our class. When the papers were 2 she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes through the test.There is nothing really new about 3 in exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs.ONeil didnt even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to 4 after class. I was one of the twelve.Mrs. ONeill asked 5 questions, and she didnt 6 us either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the 7 words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to 8 these words into our exercise-books one hundred times. I dont 9 about the other eleven boys. Speaking for 10 I can say: it was the most important single 11 of my life. Thirty years after being 12 to Macaulays words, they 13 seem to me the best yardstick(准绳),because they give us a criterion to measure ourselves rather other. 14 of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle.