连续性动词练习.doc

延续性动词与非延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态与表示段时间的状语连用，不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间, for 2 years; since从句, since he came here; since+时间点名词, since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time 注：在until引导的时间状语从句中，若主句的谓语动词是持续性动词，既可以用肯定形式，也可以用否定形式，但句子含义不同。例: He has lived here for 6 years. How long did you stay there last year?She listened to the radio until her father came back她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。She didnt listen to the radio until her father came back直到她父亲回来才听收音机。二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,如:open, die, close, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等，可用于现在完成时。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例:He died 5 years ago.用于现在完成时否定式中，非延续性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用, 已成为一种可以延续的状态。注：1、在while（表示“一段时间”）引导的从句中，不能用短暂性动词，但when可以，因为when可表示“时间的点”，也可表示“一段时间”。2、短暂性动词的否定式同until一起连用，构成“notuntil”结构，意为“直到才”，表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。例: I havent left here for 3 years. 误：While I got to the village，it was dark 正：When I got to the village，it was darkWe wont go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：基本变化规则： a)用延续性动词代替短暂性（终止性）动词1、用have代替buy 2、用keep或have代替borrow3、用be替代become 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold 5、用wear代替put onb)用“be形容词”代短暂性动词1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose, die, sell, leave7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone, lost)代losec)用“be副词”代短暂性动词1“beon”代start, begin 2“beup”代get up 3“beback(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等d)用“be介词短语”代短暂性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： 1. have arrived at/in. got to/reached. come/gone/moved to. have been in./at2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been 5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over； 11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth have done sth； 13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have known 19. have/has gone to have been in练习：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book, but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17.Are yo