高中英语动词时态中的特殊用法.doc

高中英语动词时态中的特殊用法黄山中学苏静 2010年7月26日 11:01在历年的高考英语试题中，动词是主要考查项目，占了相当大的比例，其重点是动词时态、语态、非谓语动词等。英语有16种动词时态形式，高考英语考试大纲中要求掌握的有10种。它们分别是一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，过去将来时，将来进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时及现在完成进行时。在此我就高考英语时态中的一些特殊用法做一下分析：一、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语。 He usually gets up at 7 oclock every morning. The earth goes around the sun. Hainan is situated in the south of China. 特殊用法一：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： 时间：when, before, until (till), after, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, even if, provided; 让步：no matter what/who/which/when/where/how或whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever/wherever/however-Do you have any problems if you are offered this job? -Well, Im thinking about the salary （湖南 2008）No matter what you say, Ill never believe you.特殊用法二： 表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.特殊用法三：有些表示位置移动的动词如 come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, set off等其一般现在时可表示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或状态。My train leaves at 11 oclock in the morning, so there is still half an hour to go.特殊用法四：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Can you see to it that the letter goes this afternoon?特殊用法四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you work, the better results you will get. 二、现在进行时 表示说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动： We are having English class. The house is being built these days. 特殊用法一：现在进行时与频率副词always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞扬、厌烦、责备、埋怨等），以加强语气。 He is constantly making the same mistake. （责备）The students in class one are always working hard. （赞扬）特殊用法二：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Dont ring me up when I am working in my lab this time tomorrow.特殊用法三：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。常用动词有：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, set off等。What are you going to do next weekend.Ladies and gentlemen, the flight is taking off. Please be seated and fasten your safety belt.三、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 特殊用法一：常见的不确定的时间状语： recently, lately ;just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has the rain stopped yet?So far this term, she has read fifty world -famous books.特殊用法二：表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past /last+一段时间; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等特殊用法三：表示“第几次做某事，It/This/ That is the first/second/time (that)”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词that” 后面跟现在完成时。 This is my second time that I have visited the Pyramids of Egypt.This is the most interesting book I have ever read.四：一般过去时 表示在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意： 特殊用法一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to drink a lot.She has got used to getting up early.特殊用法二：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a bike if he got his salary.特殊用法三：描述过去的事实，以求描绘的生动性 Theriverriseshigherandhigher,breaksthebanksandfillsalllowplaces特殊用法四：语境中的一般过去时，往往表示“刚才、刚刚，在过去”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。如： Ineverthoughthecould finish the work ahead of time.五、过去进行时表示在过去的某一事件点或时间段正在进行的动作。My sister fell while she was riding her bicycle and hurt himself.Jim slipped into the house when no one was looking. 特殊用法一：故事发生的背景 Thewindwasblowinganditwassnowinghard.特殊用法二：was going to do表原打算做而实际上并未做-Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?- I was going to, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.（07全国卷II）六、过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 universities in our city up till 2005.By the end of last term we had finished the project.特殊用法一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 I had hardly finished my washing-up when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into my house than it began to rain.No sooner had I got into my house than it began to rain. （注意主谓倒装） 特殊用法二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 That was the first time that he had seen his grandmother.特殊用法三：表愿望、打算一类的动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。 I had hoped that I could get the job. I had intended to visit you but I was too busy.特殊用法四：was able to do表成功地做了某事The trapped people was able to escaped from the building. 六、一般将来时 表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。 He will finish the project next year.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。） 特殊用法一：某些表示位置移动的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。 I am leaving for London next month. 特殊用法二：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。 Work hard and you will succeed in time. 特殊用法三：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。 “am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。 “am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。 Se is to get married next month. Lucy was able to tell me the news when someone called her.七、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。 特殊