过去分词讲解个性化辅导讲义5.doc

金牌教练 助力一生学科教师辅导教案16教育是对知识与道德的忠诚！ 中小学1对1课外辅导专家 优学教育学科教师辅导教案讲义编号 lxh-gj 005 学员编号：yx5-gj0 年 级：高三 课时数：1课时学员姓名：刘权斌 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：李晓慧课 题高考英语语法精讲非谓语动词之过去分词专题复习 授课日期及时段2013年1月 日教学目的1. 掌握过去分词的定义2. 熟练运用过去分词作定语，表语和宾语补足语3. 熟练运用非谓语动词教学内容过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过去分词是非谓语动词一种重要形式，它在句中可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。过分(表示和被动的动作) 是有形容词.副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语 1.定语: 过分做定语,表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,单一的确过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句 The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉. The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错 【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种动宾关系，即被动态。过去分词作定语，主要说明业已完成的动作或是一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作 。单个过去分词作定语，分词一般说来写在被修饰的名词、代词之前；分词短语作定语时，分词放在被修饰词之后 (1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语：-She threw me a quick, frightened glance.他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼 -His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情 -He had a pleased look on his face.他脸上现出高兴的神情 -We can hear his excited voice.我们可以听到他激动的声音 -The inspired soldier soon calmed down. 那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了 -The frightened girl sat in the corner quietly. 那位吓得惊慌的姑娘一声不响地坐在角落里。-Tom gave a satisfied smile.汤姆满意地笑了笑 -There is a worried boy in the corner of the street.在街道拐角有一个焦急的男孩 【举一反三】amaze,embarrass,interest,excite,disappoint,encourage,move,surprise,astonish,delight,frighten,inspire,please,puzzle,terrify,shock,satisfy,worry,confuse, amuse, tire等。这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词，它们常常用来修饰人 （2）其它常见的过去分词作定语：guided missle导弹 armed forces武装力量cooked food熟食 boiled water开水frozen food冷冻食品 canned food罐头食品fried eggs煎鸡蛋 smoked fish 熏鱼finished products成品 dried fruit果干required courses必修课 printed matter印刷品written English书面英语 mixed feelings混杂情绪（3）表示完成的过去分词作定语：faded flowers萎谢的花 fallen leaves落叶escaped prisoners逃犯 deceased wife亡妻departed friends离去的朋友a retired professor退休的教授new arrived visitors新到的客人a dated map过时的地图（4）过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后，作用相当于一个定语从句：-They reduced the number of animals used in experiments. 他们减少了用于试验的动物数量 -Whats the language spoken in that country?那个国家讲的是什么语言？-Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗？-They are problems left over by history?他们是历史遗留下来的问题 -Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子 2.表语: 过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态且该状语通常是由外界因素引起的,这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词 Im interested in reading novels, written by Jin Yong. 我对金庸的小说很感兴趣. 常见的还有: be surprised, be astonished, be amazed, be moved, be exhausted, be worried, be devoted, be pleased, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited, be delighted, be satisfied, be scared, be frightened, be disappointed 3.宾语补足语 作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动此,和宾语有逻辑主谓关系,可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有: a. see, hear, watch, feel, find, observe, notice, look at, listen to 表示感觉和心理状态的动词 b. make, get, have, leave 表示致使意义的动词 c. like, want, wish, order表示希望,要求等意义的动词 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论 过去分词作定语及表语1 构成: v +ed 或不规则的变化动词 Page 104-1062 过去分词本身的含义: 被动 或完成 a broken heart a lost dog a ploughed field a risen sun a grown-up daughter an escaped prisoner a retired general faded colors 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成 fallen leaves 落叶 returned students 归国留学生 newly-arrived visitors 新到的客人 及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动及动作的完成。(与所修饰的词是一种动宾的逻辑关系) the cold boiled water 冷开水 a developed country与所修饰的词是一种动宾的逻辑关系过去分词的一般式(已经完成的)The patient operated on will soon be allowed to go home.不定式的被动式(即将发生的)The patient to be operated on is Mr. Smith.-ing 的被动式(正在进行的)being doneThe patient being operated on is Mr. Smith.The patient having been operated on is Mr. Smith.() The patient operated on is Mr. Smith.()过去分词作定语 a.过去分词作定语 ，具有形容词的性质 。一般说来 ：单个过去分词或adv.-p.p作前置定语 :He is a respected leader. a recently-built house home-grown vegetables man-made fibers过去分词短语作后置定语 :Young people brought up in the new society cant imagine the bitter life in the old days.b.作定语时可用定语从句代替 He is a respected leader. = He is a leader_. Young people brought up in the new society cant imagine the bitter life in the old days. = Yong people _cant imagine the bitter life in the old days. 【拓展延伸】 现在分词与过去分词的区别: 1.定语: 现在分词作定语常表示动作正在进行, 此时或当时的状态等; 过去分词则常表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作前等;被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语,是过去分词的逻辑宾语 如: I know the man standing there. 我认识站在那儿的那个人. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? 2.表语: 现在分词作表语,具有主动的含义,意味着起这种作用; 而过去分词作表语,具有主动的含义，意味着“起这种作用”；而过去分词作表语具有被动含义，意味着“受这种影响”。如： The work was tiring. 这项工作挺累人的 The workers were soon tired. 工人们很快就感到累了 注意：作表语的过去分词表示状态，构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作： The book is well written.（表语） The book was written by a soldier.（被动语态）【典型例题】1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out【答案】C 考查宾语补足语的用法 【点拨】此考题的主句是：The managers discussed the plan检测点在其后的定语从句中，在这个定语从句里，they是其主语，would like to see 是其复合谓语，that修饰的是先行词the plan，同时that也是see的宾语，the plan是被执行的，被实施的，只有过去分词可以表示被动，所以C项的carried out 是正确答案 2. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students. A. open B.opening C.having opened D. opened【答案】 D该题的考察目标为过去分词作定语的用法。【点拨】句子中computer center与open之间为被动关系。此外open作及物动词时意思为“打开，开张，开办，开设”，强调动作，不侧重状态，鼓不用形容词性的open。B、C为现在分词，不符合题意。据此判定正确答案应为D 过去分词的用法1过去分词作定语（1）过去分词用作定语，总的来说，充当前置修饰语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义，如：a broken cup 一只打破的杯子（被动）the risen sun 已升起的太阳（完成）the fallen leaves 落叶（在地上）spoken English 口语（2）有些过去分词不能单独作前置修饰语，但可以借助某些前缀或副词来作前置定语。例如：uninvited guests 没有被邀请的客人unheardof stories 没有听说过的故事an unexpected happening 意想不到的事badly-built house 建得很差的房子newly-born baby 新出生的婴儿highly-developed industry 高速发展的工业（3）一般来说，不及物动词的过去分词很少单独作前置修饰语，能这样用的仅限于少数几个词，他们作前置定语时仅指完成意义，而不指被动。如：a retired worker (a worker who has retired ) 一个退休工人an escaped prisoner (a prisoner who has escaped) 一个逃犯fallen leaves (leaves that have fallen) 落叶the risen sun (the sun that has just risen) 升起了的太阳a returned student (a student who has returned) 回归的学生a grown man (a person who has grown to a mans size )一个成年人（4）某些不及物动词的过去分词，单独不可以作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语，如：well-behaved children 表现好的孩子a widely-travelled business man 游历广泛的商人newly-arrived visitors 刚来的参观者（5）过去分词作后置定语时，相当于省略了（that/which be）的定语从句。例如：The bridge, built in 1950, broke down yesterday.这座建于1950年的桥昨天塌了。(built in 1950相当于一个定语从句，which was built in 1950)Things seen are mightier than things heard.眼见为实，耳听为虚。（相当于：Things which are seen are mightier than things which are heard）2过去分词作主语补语或宾语补语用作主语补语或宾语补语的过去分词大都来自及物动词。凡是已经形容词化了的-ed分词，大都可以既作名词修饰语即定语，也可作主语补语或宾语补语。例如：The door remains locked（主补）I found the door locked（宾补）I found a locked door（定语）可引导复合宾语的动词常用的有：find /get / have / want / leave / make / see/ hear/notice/ watch / observe/ feel/ keep / order /wish等。这些词后面的宾语如果与后面的宾语补足语是被动关系，即用过去分词。例如：I found my house broken into after I returned.当我回来时，我发现房子被人破门而入了。You should get the bike repaired as soon as possible.你应该尽快地把自行车给修理一下。I want to have my hair cut.我想理发。I want the plan (to be) carried out next year.我希望此计划明年可被执行。He ran out and left his food untouched.他跑出去了，食物一点都没动。You should make yourself heard when speaking.说话时，你应该让别人能听得见你。I heard the song sung in English.我听过用英文唱的这首歌。He ordered the job to be done at once.他命令马上完成这项工作。Everybody thought the battle lost.每个人都认为战斗失败了。We found her greatly changed.我们发现她变了很多。I felt my shoulder touched by somebody.我觉得有人在拍我的肩膀。I saw her tied to a tree.我发现她被困在一个树上。Please keep us informed of the latest development.请随时让我们知道最近的发展动态。注意：（1）“have宾语过去分词”这一结构有三种不同意义。We had the problem solved.我们解决了这个问题（“致使”，一种有意的行为）She had her leg broken in an accident.在一次事故中，她摔断了腿。（表示“遭受”，一种无意的行为）I have not any money left.我没剩下多少钱了。（“有”）（2）like, want, wish, order, expect等表示“希望、要求、命令”等意义的动词后面可用tobe过去分词作宾补，to be也可被省略，例如：I dont want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal.我不希望你们当中的任何人陷入这桩丑闻。He wont like such questions (to be) discussed at the meeting.他并不希望在会上讨论这样的问题。3过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。如：（1）United, we stand; divided, we fall.如果团结起来，我们就能成功，如果分裂，我们就会失败。（相当于If(When) we are united ,we stand; if (when) we are divided,we fall）（2）Moved by the story, he decided to study harder.由于被这个故事感动，他决定更加努力学习。（相当于Because he was moved.）（3）Having been shown around the library, we came to the classroombuilding.我们参观了图书馆后，我们来到了教学楼前。（相当于After we were shown around）（4）Once visited, the city will never be forgotten.一旦你参观了这个城市，你就永远不会忘记它。（相当于Once the city is visited）（5）Although published many times, the book still sells well in themarket.虽然这本书已出版好长时间了，但这本书的销售量仍很好。（相当于Although the book has been published）4with引导的复合宾语中的过去分词with可以引导复合宾语，如果宾语与后面作宾语补足语的动词构成被动关系，则使用过去分词，即“with宾语过去分词”结构。如：The girl sat these with her hand tied back.这个女孩坐在那里，双手被捆绑在后面。They lay on the floor with the window closed.他们躺在地板上，窗户紧闭。高考真题探究（20062011年）【2011全国卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。【解析】句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。【2011全国卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying【答案】D【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。【2011北京卷,25】Its important for the figures regularly.A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated【答案】A【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。”B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故选A。【2011北京卷,33】Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried【答案】A【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，Passeagers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式，故选A。【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系，故用过去分词，答案B。【2011上海春招,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished.A. lookedB. to lookC. lookingD. to be looking【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park. A. OpenedB. Having openedC. OpeningD. Being opened【答案】A【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，故选A。【2011上海春招,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。”“做过木匠”这事发生在过去，不定式应当用完成式，表示发生过，排除A、B项。因为现在是明星，排除D项，选C。【2011山东卷,27】Look over theretheres a very long, winding path up to the house.A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead【答案】A【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“看那儿，有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。”leading作为path的后置定语，相当于which leads。选A。【2011江苏卷,31】Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“最近一项调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论，该调查是比较在两个不同超市里的相同商品的价格。”句子的主语是a survey，谓语动词是has caused，宾语是heated debate。由此可见，原句不缺主干成分，“ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets”该部分是来修饰survey的，做后置定语。排除C作谓语动词的选项。由于prices作compare的宾语，是主动形式，所以选B。【2011福建卷,23】Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。”Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系，to be founded不定式表将来。founded过去分词表被动，也表动作已完成，故选C。【2011福建卷,27】The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold【答案】D【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“iPad 2与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同，拿在手里很舒服。”在用easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。hold与前面的the iPad 2有逻辑上的动宾关系，故用主动式。因此，选D。【2011安徽卷, 30】Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break【答案】D【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Tom问糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小块。”在用easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。to break与the chocolate存在着动宾关系，故用主动式的不定式，选D。【2011浙江卷,3】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.A.having B had C. have D. to have【答案】A【考点】考查独立主格结构。【解析】句意为“令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。to have表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。【2011浙江卷,14】Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words.A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“甚至最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们难以用文字表达自己。”lose是及物动词，A、C、D项都是主动式，空格后没有lose的宾语，故用过去分词lost当形容词用，作find themselves的宾语补足语。选B。【2011浙江卷,19】If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“如果他们赢了今晚的决赛，队员们将会巡游全城，接受热心支持者的欢呼。”A项being cheered正在进行；B项be cheeresd是谓语原形；D项were cheered也是谓语，但句中已有谓语are going to；C项to be cheered表示将来，同时也表示被动。根据语境，选C。【2011四川卷,2】Ladex doest feel like abroad. Her parents are old.A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Ladex不愿意去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。”feel like doing sth.想要做某事，习惯表达法。因此选B。1. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth _. A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix2. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting3. The visit _ to Guilin is worth remembering for ever. A. paid B. paying C. to pay D. being paid4. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that _. A. adding; turns on B. to have added; turn up C. to add; turns down D. added; turns out 5. When I entered his office, I saw a gun _ on the wall. A. fasten B. fastened C. fastening D. to fasten6. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D.