直接引语和间接引语.doc

第十四讲 直接引语和间接引语（一） 概述 直接引用别人的原话，被引用的原话在语法上叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，转述的内容叫间接引语。直接引语通常用引号括起来，主句和直接引语之间要用逗号隔开；间接引语不用引号括起来，主句和间接引语之间不用逗号隔开。例如： She said, “Im very busy.”(直接引语) She said that she was very busy.（间接引语）（二） 直接引语改写成间接引语时，要注意以下几种变化：1） 人称的变化；2） 时态的变化；3） 指示代词、时间状语及地点状语的变化；4） 语序的变化。例如：直接引语间接引语时态变化一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时指示代词this,that,thesethose时间状语nowthenagobeforetoday, tonight, this week（month等）that day, that night, that week（month等）yesterdaythe day beforelast week（month等）the week(month) beforetomorrowthe next day地点状语herethere动 词comego注：以上各种变化要根据转述时的实际情况和转述的实际内容作出决定。如果就在当时转述，则不必变时态；如果就在当地转述，不必变化与远近有关的词（即不用把here变成there）；如果就在当天转述，不用yesterday, tomorrow把变成the day before, the next day；如果是客观真理，不用把时态变为过去时态等。（三） 直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导。 例题1 改为间接引语： She said, “Ill come here tonight.” 例题2 改为间接引语： He said, “I saw the film yesterday.” 例题3 改为间接引语： Wei Fang said, “The TV play has been on for half an hour.”（四） 直接引语是一个疑问句，改为间接引语时，要注意以上提到的人称、时态和状语的变化。还要特别注意把疑问句的语序变为陈述句的语序，即在从句中，主语在前面，在句末要用句号。（主句本身是一个疑问句除外）。1.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，在改成间接引语时，要用连词if或whether引导。除了上述的一些变化（如表所列）外，还要：把疑问句结构改为陈述句结构；把主句动词改为asked（或wanted to know, wondered等）；句末用句号；没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语（me, him, 或us等），此时要注意人称上的协调一致。 例题1 改为间接引语： He said, “Did you see him last night?” 例题2 改为间接引语： He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?”例题3 改为间接引语： She asked, “You have done it well, havent you?”直接引语是一个特殊疑问句，在改成间接引语时：由原来的疑问词（代词或副词）引导。把疑问语序改为陈述语序，并将助动词去掉；人称和时态要协调一致；状语要变化（如表所示）。 例题1 改为间接引语： He asked, “How are you getting along?” 例题2 改为间接引语： She said, “Where have you been, Mike?”（五） 如果直接引语是一个肯定的祈使句时，在把它改为间接引语时要：把原来祈使句中动词变成相应的带to的不定式，做宾语补足语；在动词不定式前增加一个表示命令的动词，如asked, told, ordered, commanded, requested等；加一个宾语表示给予命令的对象。例题1 改为间接引语： She said to us, “Please have a rest.”例题2 改为间接引语： One of the doctor said, “Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Bethune.” （六） 直接引语是否定的祈使句时，在改为间接引语时，用tell（ask, ordered等）somebody not to do something句型，改变为一个简单句，注意它和肯定时的情况比较，差别在于把not放在动词不定式之前。例题1 改为间接引语： He said, “Dont do that again.”例题2 改为间接引语： He said to Dr Bethune, “Dont go on operating any more.”练 习I 选择填空（把下列句子改成间接引语）：1. “We are going to study in London next year,” they said.A. They said that they were going to study in London the next year.B. They said that they are going to study in London the next year. 2. “Im cleaning your clothes now,” his mother said.A. His mother said that I was cleaning your clothes then.B. His mother said that she was cleaning my clothes then.3. “Ill go to see you this evening,” she said to him.A. She told him that she would go to see him that evening.B. She told to him that I would go to see you that evening.4. “Is your daughter going to London today or tomorrow?” he asked.A. He asked me whether my daughter was going to London that day or the next day.B. He asked me that my daughter was going to London that day or tomorrow.5. “Does light travel much faster than sound?” the teacher asked.A. The teacher asked whether light traveled faster than sound.B. The teacher asked whether light travels much faster than sound.6. “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” her mother asked her.A. Her mother asked her whether she had finished her homework before she watched TV.B. Her mother asked her whether had she finished her homework before she watched TV.7. “My mother took me to the Great Wall yesterday,” she said.A. She said that her mother had taken me to the Great Wall the day before.B. She said that her mother had taken her to the Great Wall the day before.8. “Dont be late for school next time.” His father said to him.A. His father told him not to be late for school the next time.B. His father told him dont be late for school the next time.9. “Which is stronger, a horse or an elephant?” he asked the little girl.A. He asked the little girl which was stronger, a horse or an elephant.B. He asked the little girl which is stronger, a horse or an elephant.10. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.A. The teacher told us to write our names on our papers first.B. The teacher told us write our names on our papers first. 11. “When will you come to see me?” he asked me.A. He asked me when would I come to see him.B. He asked me when I would come to see him.12. “Whose book is this?” she asked.A. She asked whose book was this.B. She asked whose book that was.13. “Whats wrong with your bike?” he asked me.A. He asked me what was wrong with my bike.B. He asked me whats wrong with my bike.14. “Why did she refuse to do it?” the man asked.A. The man asked why did she refuse to do it.B. The man asked why she had refused to do it.15. “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 332 bus?” he asked the conductor.A. He asked the conductor where he should get off to change to a No. 332 bus.B. He asked the conductor where I shall get off to change to a No. 332 bus.16. “Do you remember what your teacher told you last night?” Li Pings mother asked him.A. Li Pings mother asked him whether he remembered what his teacher had told him the night before.B. Li Pings mother asked him whether did he remember what his teacher told him the night before.17. “Have you handed in your homework?” the monitor asked.A. The monitor asked us whether had we handed in our homework.B. The monitor asked us whether we had handed in our homework.18. “How are you getting on with your classmates?” Father asked me.A. Father asked me how was I getting on with my classmates.B. Father asked me how I was getting on with my classmates.19. “Can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant?” the young man asked the policeman.A. The young man asked the policeman whether he could tell him how to get to the nearest restaurant.B. The young man asked the policeman whether I could tell him how to get to the nearest restaurant.20. “The train is leaving in a moment,” her friend told her.A. Her friend told her that the train was leaving in a moment.B. Her friend told her that was the train leaving in a moment.II 把下列句子改成间接引语：1. “Im very glad to visit your school,” he said.2. Li Hong asked his little brother, “Are you interested in listening to stories?”3. The doctor asked me, “Are you feeling better today?”4. “How long has he been a League member?” she asked me.5. “Please wait for me at the gate of our school at two tomorrow morning,” he said to his friend.6. “Stop killing the seagulls at once!” the official said to the farmers.7. “Who has taken away my dictionary?” the student said.8. “When will your father get back from work?” Mother asked me.9. “Be careful with your pronunciation,” the teacher said to us.10. “Dont worry about your pay, Tom,” said the boss.11. “Learn from each other,” the general said to us.12. “How many schools have been built in your country?” he asked me.13. “What did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother?” the teacher asked.14. “Dont play football in the street.” Mother said to me.15. “Please come here again tomorrow.” Her sister said to her.16. “I can work out the problem in half an hour,” the students said to me.17. “The earth goes round the sun,” the teacher said.18. “I havent heard from my parents these days.” Xiao Li said.19. “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” he said to me.20. “Are you sure your brother will come tonight?” he asked.Key:（三）例题1 She said she would go there that night. 例题2 He said he had seen the film the day before . 例题3 Wei Fang said the TV play had been on for half an hour.(四) 1. 例题1 He asked me if I had seen him the night before. 例题2 He asked me whether you were a Party member or a League member.例题3 She asked me if I had done it well. 2. 例题1 He asked me how I were getting along. 例题2 She asked Mike where he had been.(五) 例题1 She asked us to have a rest.例题2 One of the doctor asked Dr. Bethune to let him go on with the operation.(六) 例题1 He asked us not to do that again.例题2 He asked Dr Bethune not to go on operating any more.Exercise I:1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.AExercise II:1. He said he was very glad to visit your school.2. Li Hong asked his little brother if he was interested in listening to stories?3. The doctor asked me I was feeling better that day.4. She asked me how long he had been a League member.5. He asked his friend to wait for him at the gate of their school at two the next morning .6. The official