英语被动语态讲解及练习.doc

英语被动语态讲解及练习一、什么是被动语态？英语中语态有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”二、被动语态的结构 请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）： His bicycle was stolen. The building has been built in 2000. 总结：被动语态”的构成是：be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)三、各种时态的被动语态: 一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。 1、 一般现在时: am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般过去式: was / were + 动词的过去分词 His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、过去进行时: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory was being built in our city at that time. Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 5、一般将来时: (A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词 (B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词. Some new factories will be built in our city this year. Your watch is going to be mended in an hour. 6、过去将来时: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词. She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city. He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 7、现在完成时:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词 Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. Your watch has been mended already. 8、过去完成时:had + been + 动词的过去分词 He said that some new factories had been built in the city. I didnt know that my watch had been mended . 9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + 动词的过去分词 He can not be found. / I must be paid for this. 四、如何将主动语态变成被动语态1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。 主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries. 被动语态：英语被说。English is spoken in many countries.2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.专项练习1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.5.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.6. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time?7.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days.8.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.9. They are washing the car in the garden. The car _ _ _ in the garden.10. They have found ways to make waste water clean. The ways to make waste water clean _ _ _.英语被动语态讲解及练习(二)一. 各种时态被动语态的结构总结： 1.一般现在时：_ 2.一般过去时：_ 3.一般将来时：_ 4.过去将来时：_ 5.现在进行时：_ 6.过去进行时：_ 7.现在完成时：_ 8.过去完成时：_ 9.含情态动词：_二将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况： I含双宾语的句子主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种情况： 1）以人做主语 2）以物做主语例句：1. He told us a story 在这里，us和a story 都是宾语，变被动时： 人做主语：We were told a story（by him）物做主语：A story was told to us by him 2. Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态） she was given a new pen. 或：A new pen was given to her by her mother 3. His father bought him a computer . (变被动语态）He was bought a computer by his father. 或：A computer was bought for him by his father . 总结：物作主语变被动要加 to 或for （跟双宾语的动词被动语态时有些加to有些加for）：1.和 to连用动词： give , show, lend , bring，send 2.和 for 连用动词: buy , make（制作）, draw, get, .专项练习：1.My father showed me the photo. （变被动） I _ _ the photo by my father . The photo _ _ _ me by my father.2. Her mother made her a cake .She _ _ a cake by her mother. A cake _ _ _ her by her mother.3. She drew her friend a picture .Her friend _ _ a picture by her. A picture _ _ _ her friend by her .II. 含有感官动词和使役动词的句子变被动语态时需要加上“to”1. 感官动词(see ,watch ,hear ,find -)2. 使役动词(make(使，让) , let , have -) see sb do sth. make sb do sth watch sb do sth. let sb do sth hear sb do sth have sb do sth find sb do sth 变被动要加“to”例句：1. I saw him go into the office . （主动） He was seen to go into the office. （被动）2.The teacher made me do a lot of homework. （主动） I was made to do a lot of homework. （被动）专项练习：1. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.2. Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterdayHe _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 三、当堂测试： Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave 4. 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。 The tr