englishjy01031-As的用法.doc

语法As的用法I.语 法1.AS的用法（1）用作介词时的基本词义，“作为，担任”，“像，似”。 介词短语在句子中可担任的成分：状语、定语、宾语补语和表语（2）用作副词表示程度，as as 结构中（3）用作连词，引导状语从句（比较、让步、时间、原因和方式状语从句）（4）用作关系代词，引导定语从句，（5）As用于常用习语中 2.过去分词、现在分词、不定式作定语的区别分词作定语：过去分词作定语，修饰名词、代词，表示被动、已经完成。现在分词作定语，修饰名词、代词，表示主动、正在进行。单个分词一般置于所修饰的词之前，但也有例外。例如 an extended family 一个扩展了的家庭 / a singing girl 一个唱歌的女孩a developed country 发达国家 / a developing country 发展中国家the people concerned 有关人员分词短语一般放在所修饰的词之后，例如：A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action。Have the letter inviting you for an interview 现在分词的被动式和过去分词都表示被动，区别在于前者表示修饰的词正在承受的行为，而后者表示修饰的词已承受过了的行为。例如： The problem being discussed is important. 正在讨论的这个问题很重要。The problem discussed yesterday was important. 昨天讨论的那个问题很重要。现在分词的完成主动式，表示动作已经完成。having done 现在分词的完成被动式，表示动作已经被完成。the decision having been made不定式作定语不定式作定语应当放在所修饰的中心词之后。例如：We have plenty of work to do.一般来讲，不定式作定语时，表示动作将要发生。另外，还要注意的是不定式有三种时态，也有被动态。3.分词短语作时间、条件、让步状语 为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时常在分词前面加上when, while, even if, even though, unless 等连词作时间、条件、让步等状语。例如：When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on.当面对同一件事例时，销售经理易于看到销售问题，生产部经理看到生产问题，等等。Facts are terrible things if left spreading and unexamined.如果听任事实泛滥不加检测，那是可怕的事。Dont leave the building unless instructed to do so.除非接到通知，不要离开这幢大楼。 II.练 习1.单词英译汉goal, objective, accomplish, predict, accompany, implement, tendency, achievement, argue, budget, define, entity, 2.词组英译汉in the way, in part, point of view, contribute to, to apply for, in hand, to turn down 3.句子英译汉（1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. （2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. （3）If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. （4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics, procedures, laws, precedents and the like. （5）For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.（6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. （7）In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. （8）Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. 4.Text A 汉译英决策者应该能够对将来做出最好的推测。Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。 If there is no proper choice, there is no proper decision.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。Different people have different ideas about the same problem; their solutions to the problem are, therefore, also different.决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company. Decision makers are usually key people who determine the companys business development.历年考题1.Almost everything a manager does_(involve) decisions. Indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (99.4) 答案是involves. 考点: involve 为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。a manager does为省略了引导词that的定语从句修饰先行词everything.2.If there is no choice, there is no decision_(make). (99.4)答案是to be made 。考点：to be made 是动词不定式作定语修饰decision. 3.Almost everything a manager does_decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (00.4)A. imposes B. improviseC. involves D. indicates答案为C.4.I have no idea whats standing_accomplishing our goals and objectives.( 03.10)Ain the way ofBby way ofCon the way of D. in ones way of答案为A5.For managers, every decision has constraints_(base) on policies, procedures, laws. (03.04) (04.10)答案为 based, 考点：过去分词短语作后置定语6.When _(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems.(02.10)答案为presented. 考点： present 是过去分词短语作时间状语。7.An organization is a group of people, and a de