Dictionintranslation遣词用字.doc

Diction in translation 遣词用字1、Definition of dictionBy “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in the target language on the basis of accurate comprehension of the source language text. 2、Correspondence between English and Chinese Full correspondence No equivalents One word with multiple equivalents Of the same meaning Of different meanings1）Full correspondence minibus = 微型汽车（面包车） the United Nations = 联合国 the Pacific Ocean = 太平洋 helicopter = 直升飞机2）No equivalents New sci-tech words plumber 特工 mascon 物质聚积 chain-smoker 烟鬼 hit 引起轰动的事物3）One word with multiple equivalents of the same meaning（love） 爱人、老婆、夫人、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人、贱内、拙荆One word with multiple equivalents of different meanings MarrySister Man I am a man now. Any man can do it. The rights of man should be respected. You can stay in the same room if you are man and wife.3、How to judge the meaning from the part of speech from the collocation from the context from the syntax1）Part of speech He saw a man sawing trees with a saw他看见一个人正用锯子锯树。 Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.那个贼轻手轻脚的穿过房间，点亮了那盏有浅绿色灯罩的灯，以便照亮。 Eat what you can and can what you cannot能吃的吃掉，吃不掉的就做成罐头。 I dont like it when she tells me how to do things. From what you say, she sounds like the right person for the job. Running, swimming and like sports are all her hobbies. Do you make bread like you make cakes? Will we ever see the like of Mozart again?(诸如此类） Like knows like. 英雄识英雄2）Collocation a fast car 速度很快的车 the fast growth 迅速发展 fast music 节奏快的音乐 a fast journey 行程紧凑的一次旅行 fast color 不易褪掉的颜色 a fast film 快速感光胶卷 a fast oven 烤箱 fast asleep 熟睡的 break ones fast 开斋 stick fast in the mud 牢牢地陷在泥巴里 delicate skin delicate porcelain delicate upbringing delicate health delicate stomach delicate diplomatic question delicate difference delicate surgical operation delicate ear for music delicate touch delicate food 3）Context 英语中同一个词，同一词类，在不同场合往往也有不同的含义，必须根据上下文的联系以及词的搭配关系或句型来判断和确定某个词在特定场合下所应具有的词义。Context This war is becoming the most important story of his generation. 这场战争将成为这一代人的最重大的事件。 It is quite another story now. 现在的情况完全不同了。 Some reporters who were not included in the sessions broke the story.有些没有参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了. The Marry story is one of the saddest. 玛丽的遭遇算最惨的了。 A young man came to the police station with a story.一个年轻人来到警察局报案. Last December, the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story. 去年12月，邮报首先报道侦察工作已在那些城市里进行，但官员们拒绝证实这条消息。 The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American TV.对他的报道越来越少了，不久他就从美国电视上销声匿迹了。 Tell me the story of what happened to you.告诉我发生在你身上的一切事情。 The story of the opera was printed in the program.这曲戏的故事情节印在了节目单上。 He is the last man to come. He is the last man to do it.他绝对不会干那件事。 He is the last person for such a job.他最不配干这个工作。 He should be the last to blame. This is the last place where I expected to see you.我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。Context再如“take （off）这一动词：1) To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years.脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已是多年来的痛苦了。 The flyers practiced taking off time after time from this restricted space. 飞行人员反复地在一块有限空地上练习起飞。 3）took the brake off松开刹车 took 20 percent off优惠百分之二十4、Syntax agreement同意an agreement协定 people人民a people民族 hostility敌意hostilities战争 use使用uses用途Syntax He served me with a kind of coffee. He served me with coffee of a kind. Give me a glass for wine. Give me a glass of wine. He is not a fool. He is no fool. I ask you nothing. I ask you for nothing. I know him. I know of him. (听说过） He simply spoke.（只不过） He spoke simply. May we meet again! We may meet again. 4、Practice She showered us with letters. 她的信件纷至沓来。 The government left its policy open to various interpretations. 政府听任人们对其政策作各种诠释。 To see his likeness perpetuated in marble is to me today a sad but pleasing sensation. 今天，看到他的大理石雕像树立起来了，我悲喜交集。（perpetuate 保存）Her irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night. 更深夜静，美景宜人，她的烦恼不禁烟消云散。 （Withstand 顶住，耐得起） The longest life and the shortest amount to the same，for the present is of equal duration for all, and what we lose is not ours. 最长寿和最短暂的人生是相同的，因为眼前的时间对所有人来说都一样长，时间一旦失去就不再属于我们。 As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honor him; but as he was ambitious, I slew him. There are tears for his love; joy for his fortune; honor for his valor; and death for his ambition. 因为凯撒爱我，我为他哭泣；因为他幸运，我为他高兴；因为他英勇，我对他崇拜；但因为他有野心，我就刺杀了他。我用眼泪回报他的爱；用欢乐庆祝他的幸运；用崇拜纪念他的英勇；而用刺杀制止他的野心。 Slay : slew; slain 残杀；谋杀 I now have an alternative to complaining. When Im bored with my life, I take my pencils out in the back yard and doodle for an hour, trying to sketch trees that look like trees. 我现在有了一种代替抱怨的东西。当我对生活感到厌倦时，我就拿出铅笔到后院去心不在焉地乱涂一个小时，试图画出看上去像树的树木速写。 我现在不再抱怨，而是去做一些别的事情。对生活感到厌倦时，我就拿起铅笔，到后院里随便涂鸦个把小时，画画树林的速写，尽量画得看上去像是树林。 Doodle：乱涂；胡写乱画I love my love with an E, because shes enticing; I hate her with an E, because shes engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her names Emily, and she lives in the east. (Dickens, David Copperfield) 译文1： 我爱我的爱人为了一个E，因为她是Enticing (迷人的)；我恨我的爱人为了一个E, 因为她是Engaged (订了婚的)。我用我的爱人象征Exquisite (美妙)， 我劝我的爱人从事Elopement (私奔)，她的名字是Emily (爱弥丽)，她的住处在East (东方)。（董秋斯）I love my love with an E, because shes enticing; I hate her with an E, because shes engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her names Emily, and she lives in the east. (Dickens, David Copperfield)译文2： 我爱我的爱人，因为她很迷人；我恨我的爱人，因已许配他人；他在我心中是美人，我带她私奔，以避开外人；她名叫虞美人，是东方丽人。（姜秋霞、张柏然）I love my love with an E, because shes enticing; I hate her with an E, because shes enga