一般过去过去进行过去完成练习.doc

一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时1一般过去时一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。结构是“主语+动词的过去式”可以从以下几个方面来理解：1、过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，句中有明确的表示过去的时间状语如：yesterday, last night, last week, four days ago, in 2002, just now, the day before yesterday等。2、过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3、谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4)有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say?句子结构分为两种情况：1)含有be动词的肯定式：主语+be动词（was/were）+否定式：主语+be动词（was/were）+not+一般疑问句：Be动词（Was/Were）+主语+2)含有实义动词的：肯定式：主语+实义动词的过去式+否定式：主语+didnt+实义动词原形+一般疑问句：Did+主语+实义动词原形+动词过去式的构成：be动词的过去式为was, were;行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-asked;2)以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived; like-liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.不规则动词变过去式 e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught. 这些需要另行熟记.2. 过去进行时 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作.(一)句子结构 was /were+ V-ing. ：I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。(二) 标志词：1.at this/that time, 2.at this/that time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week ), 3.at+ 点钟 +yesterday (last night / Sunday ) ，4. when sb/sth. did sth. last evening 5. the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while等。eg：I was making fruit salad at this time. They were studying from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday.（三）一般过去时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句 1. 肯定句: 主语+was/were+V-ing+其它. I was watching TV at that time last night.2. 否定句: 主语+was/were+not+V-ing+其它.I was not watching TV at that time last night.3.一般疑问句：was/were主语+V-ing+其它?Were you watching TV at that time last night?4. 特殊问句: 疑问词was/were主语+V-ing+其它?What were you doing at at that time last night?(四) 基本用法：1）过去进行时表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作或事情。(用介词短语和从句来表示时间点)I was sleeping at this time last Sunday.(过去某一时刻)My mother was cooking dinner at 9:00 yesterday. (过去某一时刻)We were having supper when Tom came in.我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了（从句表示时间点）2）过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内持续发生动作或事情。（the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while, when等。）Lucy was working all day. （过去某一段时间）We were watching Tv from seven oclock to nine oclock last night.WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight?昨晚我给你打电话时你在干什么？3) 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续性动词用过去进行时，非延续性动词用一般过去时。例如：TheywerewatchingTVwhenIenteredtheroom.我进入房间时，他们正在看电视。若主句和从句的动词均为延续性动词，则可以两边都可以采用过去进行时。：ThechildrenwereplayingwiththeirtoyswhileIwaseatingmydinner.我吃饭的时候，孩子们在玩他们的玩具。While he was waiting for the bus , he was resding newspaper. 他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的） He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他洗车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）4) 表示故事发生的背景。Itwasasunnymorning.Somepeopleweresittingontheriverbank.Somewerewalkingwiththeirdogs.Severalboyswereplayingfootballnearby.一个阳光明媚的清晨。河堤上坐着几个人。有的人在溜狗。不远处有几个男童在踢足球.It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。三 过去完成时概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。-|- |-|-那时以前 那时 现在 （一） 构成：助动词 had + 过去分词（其中 had 通用于各种人称） They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的主要用法 1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”） 2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）三、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：）by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. 2） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 3） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before. 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. （注意）： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等用过去完成时表示原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3. 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.一请用正确动词形式填空。1. She _（is）at home yesterday morning. 2. She _ (study)English two hours ago.3. They _( make) a model ship at that time yesterday.4. What _ you _ (do) when I phoned you last night?5. I _ (finish) my homework by 8 oclock last night.6. She _(clean) the room before her mother came back.二单项选择1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _ what happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. had known D. must know2. I called Hannah many times ye