小学英语动词时态概述.doc

小学英语动词时态概述一、 一般现在时态：用于表示现在的状态；经常或习惯性的动作；客观事实或真理。1、be 的一般现在时，表示现在的状态。be包括am is are,具体用法是：我（I）用am,你（you）用are, is用于三个（他he、她her 、它it）,单数is 复数are.即I am He /She / It is You are We are They are 他们的缩写形式是：You areYoure He isHes She isShes We areWere They areTheyre例如:I am a teacher .(我是教师。) You are a pupil.(你是一个学生。) He is tall.(他个子高。) She is short.（她个子矮。）It is a naughty bird.(它是一只淘气的小鸟。) My father is a driver.(我父亲是司机) Were good friends. (我们是好朋友。)Theyre monkeys .（它们是猴子。）These are my friends.(这是我的朋友。) Lingling and Amy are good friends. (玲玲和艾米是好朋友。)以上We 、 They、These 和Lingling and Amy是复数，所以用are2、一般疑问句及其回答。把be提前于句首，句末用问号。如:Am I a teacher ? Yes , you are . No, you arent .Are you a teacher ? Yes , I am. No ,Im not .（注：回答时I am不能写成Im . am not 没有缩写形式）Is he a driver ？ Yes，he is No, he isnt .(注：isnt是 is not 的缩写)Are Lingling and Amy good friends ? Yes, they are . No, they arent .(注：arent是 are not的缩写，回答时用they来代替Lingling and Amy 另they are不能写成theyre.)3、 实意动词的一般现在时：表示经常或习惯性的动作以及爱好等。常用的副词有often(经常) ，usually(常常），always（总是），never(从不，决不）sometimes(有时）。表示时间的有every day(每天）in the morning、afternoon,、evening（在早上、下午、晚上)等。A .当主语是非第三人称单数时，动词用原形。(注：非第三人称单数是指 I ,you ,we ,you (你们），they ）B .当主语是第三人称单数时,动词用该动词的第三人称单数形式。（注：he she it是第三人称单数，特别注意的是某个人也是第三人称单数，如：Amy, my father等）C. 动词第三人称单数的变化规则如下： 规则变化如下:1、一般在动词词尾加s 如： plays comes visits 2、以字母o s x sh ch 结尾的，加es 如： goes does watches washes fixes 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y 变为i再加es fly-flies carry-carries studystudies不规则变化：have-hasD.例句：1. I often go swimming in summer .(夏天我经常去游泳)2. He often goes swimming in summer.(夏天他经常去游泳）3. She never does her homework.(她从不做作业。)4. It has a big eyes .(它长着一双大眼睛。）5. We always read English in the morning.(我们总是在早上读英语。）6. My little sister likes fiying kites.(我妹妹喜欢放风筝。）7. They sometimes play football on Friday afternoon.(在星期五下午他们有时踢足球。）E、一般疑问句及其回答。当主语是非第三人称单数时，句首加助动词Do当主语是第三人称单数时,句首加助动词Does, 动词第三人称单数形式再改成原形。如：Do you often go swimming in summer ? Yes ,I do . No ,I dont .(注: dont 是 do not 的缩写形式。）He watches TV every day .Does he watch TV every day ?(他每天都看电视吗 ？） Yes , he does .No ,he doesnt . (doesnt是do not 的缩写。)F、否定句。当主语是非第三人称单数时，在主语后加dont ;当主语是第三人称单数时,在主语后加doesnt ,同时把动词的第三人称单数在改成原形。如:1.I dont like milk. 2 .He doesnt like sandwiches .2、 现在进行时态。表示动作正在进行或正在发生。由助动词be(am is are)动词-ing形式构成。Be形式随前面的人称和数而变化。如：I am reading .(我正在读书）He is doing his homework .(他正在做作业。）We are flying kites .(我们在放风筝。）They are playing with dolls .(他们在玩洋娃娃。)动词-ing形式变化规则如下：1. 一般在动词词尾加ing . 如：walking going watching 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的，去掉字母e，再加ing . 如：dance-dancing live -living write-writing3. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，应先双写这一辅音字母再加ing . 如：swim -swimming get-getting run -running否定句 就是在be 后加not 即 am not is not(缩写isnt)are not（缩写arent)例如：Im not reading .He isnt doing his homework .We are not(arent)flying kites .我们不在放风筝。一般疑问句。就是把be 提前于句首，句末用问号。一般情况把第一人称改为第二人称。如：I am reading .Are you reading ? Yes, I am . No , Im not .He is doing his homework . Is he doing his homework ? Yes , he is . No he isnt .They are playing with dolls . Are they playing with dolls ? Yes ,they are . No ,they arent .3、 一般将来时态。基本概念：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。一般将来时的形式1、由助动词will动词原形构成。Will常简略为ll，并与主语连写在一起，如：Ill hell itll well youll theyll 经常与表示将来的时间连用，如”tomorrow（明天） next week( 下周）等。翻译成汉语时经常带有将要、就要、要、会。例如：Ill go swimming tomorrow .(明天我要去游泳。）Well have a sports day next week .(下周要举行运动会。）It will be windy in Beijing tomorrow . (明天北京会下雨。）Robots will do everything .(机器人会做所有事情。）句式变换：（1） 一般疑问句及其回答： 把will 提前于句首。Will you go swimming tomorrow ? Yes , I will . No , I wont .Will he play football this afternoon ? Yes , he will . No , he wont .(2) 否定句: 在will 后加not ,will not=wont 如 We wont have a sports day next week .(3) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What will you do tomorrow? (询问动作）When will you go swimming?(询问时间）Where will Shanshan fiy a kite this Sunday ?(询问地点）-In the park .这个星期天姗姗要在哪儿放风筝？-在公园里。2、 用 “be going to”结构表示。“be going to动词原形”表示按计划安排要做的事情或已有迹象表明必将发生某事。意为“打算，就要”如：(1）We are going to have a picnic next week .-Are you going to have a picnic next week ? Yes , we are . (一般疑问句就是把be 提前于句首） No ,we arent .（2) Hes going to visit his grandma after school. 放学后他要去看望他的奶奶。Is he going to visit his grandma after school ？ Yes , he is . No ,he isnt .特殊疑问句：What is he going to do after school ? When is he going to visit his grandma ?4、 一般过去时态基本概念：表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的的状态。常与表示过去时间的词或短语连用。如：yesterday(昨天） yesterday morning（afternoon、evening） last year(week、Sunday、month)去年 three days ago(三天前) before dinner(晚饭前）In 1990(在1990年)等。一般过去时动词的形式:用该动词的过去式。am is 的过去式是 was ,are的过去式是were.实意动词的过去式分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。1、变化有下面几种情况;(1) 一般在动词词尾加ed 如：worked played visited (2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d 如：lived danced (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加ed 如：study-studied (4) 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这一辅音字母，再加ed 如：stop -stopped drop-dropped 2、 动词过去式不规则的有很多，需要牢记。如：do -did go-wenthave -had meet -met buy -bought write -wrote drink -drank eat -ate give -gave run -ran make -made learn -learnt send -sent 等一般过去时用法举例。1. Five years ago ,I was a teacher .Five years ago ,were you a teacher ? Yes ,I w