初一至初三下册公办英语教材重点知识.doc

初一下册重点知识一、语法知识：1）一般现在时： 肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句 第三人称单数动词变化规律（。）2)情态动词can的用法: 肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句 特殊疑问句（What can you do?） 3日期表达法：in 2010；on July 25on 25 July（读法） 4)时刻表达法：at 10 o clock; at 19:15 ; at 10:30（读法） 5)序数词：基数词-序数词(1-31) 基数词：1、319后缀-teen结尾，单词有两个重音。要特别强调thirteen fifteen eighteen 的发音和拼写。2、090后缀-ty结尾。3、十位数和个位数之间需用连字符号“”。序数词：1、词119除第一（first），第二（second），第三（third）有特殊形式以外，其余均有在基数词后加th构成。2、意fifth eighth ninth twelfth 的拼写3、位整数的序数词的构成:在基数词的词尾ty 中的y变为i,然后加eth.4、十几变为序数词时，仅将个位变为序数词，十位数不变。5、序数词的缩写形式：1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6）名词所有格：teachers room teachers roommy fathers telephone number(读音) 7)There be .句型的用法There be sb（sth）doing sth地点时间状语 There are several children swimming in the riverThere is a wallet lying on the ground.二、主要句型：1）When is your birthday? When do you have math?2) What kind of movies do you like? What kind of noodles would you like ?3) What time is it?（Whats the time?）4) Whats your favorite subject? What subject do you like best?5) Why do you like P.E?Because.6) Who is your English teacher?7 )Where are you from? Where do you come from? Where do you live? Whats your address? Wheres the post office?8) There is. ; There are. There isnt. ; There arent. Is there? Are there?9) Here is(a,an). Here are. (Here it is. Here you are.) (notanynotaan no)10) What does he do? Whats she? What do you want to be?11)What size bowl of noodles would you like?12)Do you want? I dont want.13)I think its boring. I dont think its boring.(She thinks its boring)（think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。）I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。三、词组：get up go to school(work) eat(have)dinner do homework go to bed next to across from in front of have an Art Festival go to a movie(see a movie) on weekends help sb with sth take a bus(taxi)toplay the guitar(piano,drums,trumpet) do Chinese kung fu listen to get home go home take a shower have math(science) on Sunday() at about(round )7 oclock be strict with sb(in sth) call sb at 5669678 be busy(tired;quiet) be friendly to sb(be good with sb) play basketball() write to sb have fun turn left(turn to the left) on the (ones)left(right) in the neighborhood四、任务训练：1、Ask for and give directions on the street 2、Order food 3. Take about job 4. Talk about countries、nationalities and languages 5. Talk about abilities 6. Talk about dates 7. Talk about daily routines,ask about and say times. 8.Talk about preferences.Give the reasons or make plans. 9.Talk about jobs.五、单词：1.months of the year:January February March April May June July August September October November December 2.days of the week: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 3.subjects: math science history physical education(P.E.) art music 4.countries:Canada France Japan the United states Australia Singapore the United Kingdom 5.job:doctor reporter policeman waiter bank clerk shop assistant actor 6:movies:a comedy a thriller an action movie a romance 7、animals:tiger elephant koalas dolphin panda lion penguin giraffe 8.food and drink:noodles beef chicken mutton potatoes cabbage dumplings porridge soup green tea orange juice9.place:post office restaurant bank supermarket avenue pay phone park zoo hotel library 初二下册重点知识一、 语法：1） 形容词、副词比较级、最高级：形容词、副词比较级、最高级规则变化句型：He has shorter hair than Sam. It has the biggest screens and the most comfortable seats. Im more outgoing than my sister形容词、副词原级比较：Liu Ying is(not)as good at sports as her sister.比较状语从句:通常由as, than, as (so).as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。Jane is much taller than I/me. I dont have as many books as you (do).Which is longer,this ruler or that one?Which is the biggest,the sun,the moon or the earth?The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in China.This book is as interesting as that one .He doesnt run asso fast as his brother.Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.The harder you work,the more youll learn.注意以下句子：1、The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.2、 This book isnt as interesting as that one. This book is less interesting than that one.3、This is the shortest of the two roads.(口语) He is the taller of the two.4、He is the tallest student in our class. Nobody else in our class is taller than he (is). He is taller than any other student in our class. any of the other students in our class. any of the others in our class.1、 Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. China is larger than any country in Africa.2、 In winter the weather in the north is colder than that in the south. The books on the desk are cheaper than those on the shelf.2) 复习一般过去时、学习动词过去式不规则变化:（肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句）初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表（1）AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费） cost cost cut（割） cut cut hit（打） hit hit hurt伤害） hurt hurt let（让） let let put（放） put put read（读） read read (2)AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形） beat（跳动） beat beaten (3)ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形） become（变成）became become come（来） came come 、run（跑） ran run (4)ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形） dig（挖） dug dug get（得到） got got hang（吊死） hanged hanged hang（悬挂） hung hung hold（抓住） held held shine（照耀） shone shone sit（坐） sat sat win（赢） won won meet（遇见） met met keep（保持） kept kept sleep（睡） slept slept sweep（扫） swept swept feel（感觉） felt felt smell（闻） smelt smelt leave（离开） left left build（建设） built built lend（借出） lent lent send（传送) sent sent spend（花费） spent spent lose（丢失） lost lost burn（燃烧） burnt burnt learn（学习） learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住） caught caught teach（教） taught taught bring（带来） brought brought fight（战斗） fought fought buy（买） bought bought think（想） thought thought hear（听见） heard heard sell（卖） sold sold tell（告诉） told told say（说） said said find（找到） found found have/has（有） had had make（制造） made made stand（站） stood stood understand明白 understood understood (5)ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形） begin（开始） began begun drink（喝） drank drunk ring（铃响） rang rung sing（唱） sang sung swim（游泳） swam swum blow（吹） blew blown draw（画） drew drawn fly（飞） flew flown grow（生长） grew grown know（知道） knew known throw（投掷） threw thrown show（出示） showed shown break（打破） broke broken choose（选择） chose chosen forget（忘记） forgot forgotten(forgot) speak（说，讲） spoke spoken wake（醒） woke woke drive（驾驶） drove driven eat（吃） ate eaten fall（落下） fell fallen give（给） gave given rise（升高） rose risen take（取） took taken mistake（弄错） mistook mistaken ride（骑） rode ridden write（写） wrote writtendo（做） did done go（去） went gone lie（平躺） lay lain see（看见） saw seen wear（穿） wore worn be(am,is,are)（是）was,were been3）一般将来时：be going to、willshall-wontshant4) till until的用法I slept until midnight. Wait till I call you. Icantcomeuntiltomorrow.She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.。Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.Untilthen,Iknewnothingatallaboutit. 5）could 的用法：Could you sweep the floor? Could I borrow the books?(can)6)反意疑问句：It is a nice day, isnt it? It looks like rain,doesnt it?EXERCISES:1.There are few people in the room, ?2.She is too young to go to school, ?3.She can hardly hear you, ?4.Tom has never been to Beijing, ?6.There is little water in the bottle, ?7.There is a tree in front of the building, ?8.Something is wrong with your computer, ?9.Anything is possible in the world, ?10.Everything is ready, ?11.Somebody wants to see you, ?12.Everybody likes her very much, ?13.This is a beautiful picture, ?14.Those arent banana trees, ?15.That is a useful book, ?16.These are nice apples, ?17.Tom has a new watch, ?( )?18.Peter has to help her mother at home, ?19.They had a good time in Beijing, ?20.Wed better stop talking, ?21.Lucy has ever been to Japan, ?22.We need to arrive in America at 8:00, ?23. That girl must be Mary, ?24.It must have rained last night,_?25.Im right, ?26.Listen to me carefully, ?27.Dont play with fire, ?28.Lets go to the park, ?29.Let us help you, ?30.She said he would come tomorrow, ?31.He told us how to find the building, ?32.I think she is a good girl, ?33.They dont think she is right, ?34. We dont think she is right, ?35.Its unfair,_?36. Youd like to go with me, _? 7)复习现在进行时：(现在分词的构成)8）have to(has tohad to)-mustYou must stay here until 8 oclock tomorrow morning. You will have to stay here until 8 oclock tomorrow morning. Do you have to stay until 8 oclock?You dont have to worry about your study.You neednt worry about your study .二、句型：1）When were you born? 2)When did she become a movie star? 3)What are you doing for vacation? 4)When areyou going? 5)What are you going to be when you grow up? Im going to be a basketball player. 6)How are you going to do? 7) Could you please? Can you please? 8)Were there any sharks?No, there werent any sharks. 9)Whats today? Whats the date today? 10)Shes a little more outgoing than me. My friend is the same as me.三、 词组：go to a doctor have a piano lesson too much next week()the day after tomorrow keep quiet(be quiet) the whole day(all day) be freelook the same be good at make sb laugh most of turn on pourintotwo teaspoon of putinto addto two slices of bread go to the beach(aquarium) have a great(good wonderful)timehave funat the end of day off go for a drive (never)tooto spend sometime (in)doingon sth take part in send sb sthsend sth to sbgo fishing(hiking sightseeing shopping swimming) show sb sthshow sth to sbgrow up at the same time all over the world keep fit have a test work oninvite sb to do sth(invite sb to somewhere) take care of do a survey of think about in northern(southern)Chinain the north(south ) of Chinawait in line be friendly to sb feel like sth(doing sth) show aroundbe careful (to do sth) ask sb to do sth tell sb sth (tell sth to sb) cut upnotat all in common mix up major in do chores(do housework)do the laundry(do some washing) do the dishes take out make ones bedlook through come along get along at least get back 四、任务训练1）Talk about obligations.2) Talk about personal traits.3)Discrible a process.4) Talk about events in the past.5) Talk about famous people.6) Talk about future intentions.7)Make polite requests.Ask for permission.8)Discuss preferences.9)Make small talks.初三下册重点知识一、 语法：1、 现在完成时:already yet ever never for since )（肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、划线提问 how long）1)过去分词规则和不规则的变化。2)延续动词与非延续动词的转换（for since） leave - be away(from), borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open -be open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, getcatch a cold - have a cold, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep,get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), , get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear； hear fromget recieve a letter fromhave a letter closebe closed move to-live ingo to schoolbe a student3)havehas been havehas gone 的区别4)句型的转换（初三下-初四）He has joined the Party.He has been in the Party for two years(since 2008).(since two years ago).He has been a Party member for two years (since 2008).(since two years ago). Its(has been)two years since he joined the Party. Two years has passed since he joined the Party.一般过去式与现在完成时的区别：1）现在完成时：强调与现在的关系。2）一般现在时：强调过去的动作和存在的状态。I had breakfast at six this morning .I have had breakfast.现在完成进行时：主要是现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：1. 现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。 He has rung me up five times since 12 oclock. He has been ringing me up all morning.2. 在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍然在进行，而现在完成时表示动作已结束。The students have been preparing for the exam.(动作还在进行)学生们一直在准备考试。The students have prepared for the exam. 学生们为考试做了准备。3. 有些表示状态、感情、感觉的动词，如：have like hate hear know believe等动词，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可以用于现在完成时。They have known each other since 1990.(现在完成进行时基本上没有否定结构)2、used to do: used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。 Mother used to be forgetful.Scarf often used(often) to take a walk，but not now.否定式简写为usednt usentdidntWe usednt to go there every year. We didnt use to go there every year. 疑问式：1)He used to go to market every Sunday. Used he to go to market every Sunday?No,he usednt to.Yes,he used to.(英) Did He use to go to market every Sunday?No,he didnt.Yes, he did.（美） 2)There used to be a temple on the mountain. Used there to be a temple on the mountain? Did there use to be a temple on the mountain? 3)You used to live in Qingdao,usednt you?didnt you? 4)Usednt you to like it? Didnt you use to like it?used to,would两者都可以表示过去经常重复的动作。在表示过去的习惯时，used to用于较规则的习惯。此外， used to有时侧重于和现在相对照，既含有过去经常怎样，而今已不怎样之含义。The old man used to smoke.She used to live in the countryside.would 通常表示过去发生的习惯动作，多具有一种回想的心情，不含对比的含义，常带有时间状语，有时还表示自愿的动作和行为，或表示过去某一令人讨厌的习惯动作。She would see him on Sundays.I would ask her for help when I met with difficulties.He would tell the same story over and over again.would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用 would，只能用 used to。例如： And from that day on， as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone. Mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice. 从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉、饭桌一清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。(具有反复性) I used to live in Beijing 我过去住在北京。(没有反复性) used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束，would则表示有可能再发生。如： People used to believe that the earth was flat 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。(现在已不再这样认为)would与used to都不能用来表示动作发生的具体频度或具体的一段时间。例如，不能说： （3） I would/used to go to France six times （4）He used to live in Africa for twenty years 上两句应改成： （5）I went to France six times 我去过法国6次。 （6）He lived in Africa for twenty years. 他在非洲住过20年。be used to + doing：(be accustomed to) 对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。 He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步) 3、被动语态：被动语态：教师要掌握：被动语态的时态只有十个，四个完成进行时（现在、过去、将来、过去将来完成进行时）、将来进行时、过去将来进行时没有被动语态。1)各时态被动语态的构成一般现在时：amisarepp 一般过去时：waswerepp 一般将来时：shall will be pp 现在完成时：have has been pp 现在进行时：amisarebeingpp 过去将来时：should would be pp 含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词bepp2)双宾语的被动语态：To:send show bring write tell pay offer teach pass giveFor:make draw order sing get find cook3)动词make see hear watch notice 等动词后省掉to 的动词不定式，变被动语态要加上to 。I often see Tom come out of the lab.Tom is often seen to come out of the lab.4)复合宾语的被动语态：只将复合宾语中的逻辑主语变为主语，其余部分不变。We found him in the room just now.He was found in the room just now.5)主动语态的谓语动词为短语动词时，改为被动语态时，要注意不要漏掉介词或副词，以保持短语动词的完整性。They took good care of these books .These books were taken good care of by them.(Good care was taken of these books by them)注意以下句子的被动语态：1、 Our town has built a lot of buildings in the past few years.A lot of buildings have been built in our town in the last few years.2、 I had to do my homework at home. My homework had to be done at home .3、 He happened to meet Tom in the street.Tom happened to be met in the street.4、 We used to do it this way.It used to be done this way.5、John seems to told Mary something about the accident.Mary seems to be told something about the accident. 6、Nobody has ever spoken to me like that.I have never been spoken to like that.7、Who has broken the cup？By whom has t