仁爱英语教材讲解.doc

英语教材讲解（二）九年级上册Section D知识点击1. Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. 燃烧煤气、石油和煤炭造成空气污染。create v. 创建，创造，造成 如：How do I create a new file? 我该怎样创建新文档？He told me the story of how God created the world.他给我讲了上帝如何创造世界的故事。Create还有“产生，引起”的意思。 如：The main road was closed, creating traffic problems.主路被封闭，引起了诸多交通问题。2. With the increase in population and the development of industry, litter is everywhere. 随着人口的增加和工业的发展，到处都是垃圾。（1）with 带，伴随。在句中作状语，其反义词为without。如：With these words, the tiger jumped into the river.说着这些话，老虎跳进了河里。Without the sun, nothing would grow. 没有太阳，任何东西都不可能生长。（2）industry n. 工业，产业 如：heavy/light industry 重/轻工业 She got a job in industry. 她在工厂找了份工作。 We need to develop local industries. 我们需要发展地方工业 师生互动 S：老师，主句是过去时态，间接引语也要用过去时态中的一种吗？ T：一般情况是这样。但是当直接引语是客观规律（真理）时，要保持原来的一般现在时。 S：老师，我曾经看过这样一个句子：Mr. Wang told us (that) earth goes round the sun.（王老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。）由于地球绕着太阳转是客观规律，所有不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。 T：你说的很对。 如： The teacher said that the earth is round. 老师说地球是圆的。 课堂作业I句型转换 1. She said to me, “Dont eat two much.” She asked me _ _ _ too much. 2. I asked him, “Will you go shopping with me tomorrow?” I asked _ he _ go shopping with me _ _ _. 3. Jack said, “I have finished my work.” Jack said that _ _ finished _ work. 4. Mary asked the old man, “Are you from Beijing?” Mary asked the old man _ he _ from Beijing. 5. Linda said, “Ill do my best to learn English well.” Linda said that _ _ do _ best to learn English well. 6. Mr Li said, “I will visit you.” Mr Li said _ _ _ me. 7. He said to me, “What are you going to do?” He saked me what _ _going to do.8. She saidk “Ifought with him here two years ago.” She said _ _ fought with him _ two years _.9. Miss Wang said, “the moon goes around the earth.” Miss Wang said the moon _ around the earth.10. Mr Smith asked, “Do you prefer French or German?” Mr Smith asked us _ we _ Frech or German.II根据汉语提示完成句子。1. My father has been _ (是的一员) the party for ten years.2. My granny is always _ (心情不好) these days.3. The government plans to _ (创造) more jobs for young.4. The main purpose of _ (工业) is to create wealth.5. He lost a lot of _ (血) in the accident.III阅读理解。The earth is our home. We must take care of it. This means keeping the land, air and water clean.Pollution is a “dirty” word. To pollute means to make things dirtyl. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it and drink it. Pollution is beginning to harm our health and even our life.Man has been polluing his health from the time he first made his fire. He washed his clothes in the rivers and threw his rubbish on the ground. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. There was plenty of clean air, land and water. When men lived on the land for a long time, they made the rivers dirty. They had to move to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is gradually polluting the whole world now.Talking about ollution, we once only mean air pollution. It is true that air pollution is still the most dangerous now, but it is only a kind of pollution.We are glad to say that the public has been aware of the dangers of pollution and a large number of people are workin hard to get rid of (摆脱)it.根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。( )1. To take care of the earth means keeping the land clean.( )2. Pollution only harms our health.( )3. People moved from one place to another because the water was dirty.( )4. Now if we talk about pollution, we mean only air pollution.( )5. Man has polluted ever since he was there.Topic 2 All these problems are very serious.Section A知识点击1. It says that China has become the worlds largest producer and user of coal. As a result, air pollution has become a serious problem. 它（文章）提到中国已经成为世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国。因此，空气污染已成为一个严重问题。（1）sth. +says that 此句型中主语是事或物，用“文字，数字”等传达/表明信息。 如：It says “Best wishes to you” on the card.卡片上写着“向你致以最美好的祝愿”。The clock in the hall said it was 7:30. 大厅的钟是7点30分。It says in the instructions how much you should use.说明书上说明了该用多少。连接be said that /be said to do sth. 据说 如：Shes said to be a rich woman. 据说他是个富有的女人。It is said that the government will build a park here.据说政府要在这里建个公园。（2）as a result（作为）结果；由于 如：Miss Gao often helps me with my English in her free time. As a result, I can do well in it now.高老师业余时间经常帮助我学习英语，因此现在我已经学得很好了。2. But the governmet has done something useful to protect the environment. 但是政府为了保护环境已经做了一些有益的事情。（1）something useful形容词形式复合不定代词时，要放在所修饰词的后面，作后置定语。 如：There is something interesting in todays newspaper.今天的报纸上登了一些有趣的内容。（2）useful是由“名词”use形容词后缀-ful构成的。“名词形容词后缀-ful”可构成形容词。如：painful 疼痛的 hopeul 有希望的 careful小心的，仔细的 helpful 有帮助的 thankful 感激的 beautiful 美丽的3. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。none pron. 没有一个，没有一点儿，全无辨析noen, no one和nobody（1）none可以指人，也可指物；而no one和nobody只能指人，不能指物。（2）none后常接of短语，构成“none of名词/代词“结构，none of不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；none of复数名词/代词/单数集合名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可；no one作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：None of the work was done. 什么工作也没干。None of my friends has/have been there. 我的朋友都没去过那儿。None of the books is interesting. 所有的书都没趣。No one has been there. 没有人去过那儿。（3）在简略答语中，no one用来回答who的问句；而none则用来回答how many或how much引起的问句，不可混用。 如：Who are you speaking to? 你在同谁说话？No one. 没有人。How many students have been to West Lake? 多少学生去过西湖？None. 没有一个人。How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶里有多少牛奶？None. 一点也没有。（4）nobody相当于no one,二者可用else修饰说明，而none则不可以。 如：Nobody /No one else knows the secret. 没有其他的人知道这个秘密。4. We shouldnt shouldnt leave rubbish here and there. 我们不应该到处丢垃圾。here and here相当于everywhere。如：He is looking for his lost cat everywhere/here and there.他在到处找他丢失的小猫。5. Everyone should care for wild animals and plant more trees. 每个人都应该关爱野生动物并且种更多的树辨析everyone和every one（1）everyone是不定代词，意为“大家，人人，每人”，相当于everybody，作主语时谓语动词用单数。如：Everyone is here. 大家都来了。（2）every one表示“人人，每个人”时，相当于everyone。如：Almost every one has known this. 几乎每个人都知道这件事。Almost everyone has known this. 几乎每个人都知道这件事。（3）every one后可跟of短语，表示“中的每一个”，而everyone则不可以；everyone可用于指物，而everyone则不可以。如：He ate every one of the appltes. 他把苹果全吃光了。I know every one of them. 我认识他们中的每一个人。6. We should do eerything we can to protect the environment. 我们应该尽一切努力保护环境。（1）everything是不定代词，意为“每一事物，一切，所有事物”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Im OK. Hows everything with you? 我还行，你一切都好吗？（2）everything后面的定语从句we can中省略了谓语动词do。（3）to protect the environment 保护环境，动词不定式作目的状语。如：Ill do what I can to help you when you are in trouble.当你有困难时，我会尽我所能去帮助你7. Even worse, some of them are quite rude when talking to others. 更差劲的是，有些人与别人说话时还十分粗鲁。even worse 更差（更糟糕、更倒霉、更坏）的是。even常用来修饰形容词、副词的比较级，表程度。像这样的词还有much, far, still, a little, no, any, a great deal等。如：She lost her job. Even worse, she lost her house and her children, too.她丢了工作。更倒霉（更糟糕）的是，她还失去了房子和孩子。8. Perhaps it will be hard for us to keep the rules in the beginning. 也许对我们来说，一开始要遵守这些规定并不容易。in the beginning = at first 指开始的时间和地点，与后来相对。如：She didnt know how to learn English in the beginning.开始她并不知如何学习英语。连接at the befinning of 在的开头/开端 如：We are going to Japan at the beginning of July. 我们七月初要去日本。 9. Human shave come to realize the importance of protecting animals. 人类已开始意识到保护动物的重要性。（1）come to do sht. 开始做某事 如：She has come to reard him as one of her few real friends.她已经开始把他当作少数几个真正的朋友之一。（2）the importance of 的重要性 如：Many people have realized the importance of planting trees.许多人已经意识到植树的重要性。师生互动 T：同学们，我们在前面已陆续学了不定代词和不定副词。你们能告诉我不定代词和不定副词有哪些吗？ S：somebody, someone, something, somewhere, anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, everybody, everyone, everythin, everywhere. T: 同学们总结的不错！一般情况下，somebody, someone, something, somewhere用语肯定句中；anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere用语否定句和疑问句中；none, nobody, nothing, nowhere本身表否定；everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere可用于各种句式。 S：这些不定代词还有那些用法经常用到并需要我们多加注意呢？ T：需要注意的主要有以下几个方面：（1）形容词修饰这些词的时候要放在这些词之后。 如：I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。（2）不定代词作主语时谓语动词要用单数。 如：Nobody is in the classroom. 表示人不定代词作主语时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they；当句子中的主语是指物的不定代词时，其反意疑问句主语通常用代词it。如：Everyone is here, arent they? 大家都在这儿，是吗？Everything goes well, doesnt it? 一切都顺利，是吗？课堂作业I根据汉语提示完成句子。1. It is a little dificult to learn English easily _ _ _ (一开始).2. Anna was sick of her brothers _ (举止).3. He seldom exercises. _ _ _ (结果), he is not in good haelth.4. I believe our life will become more and more exciting _ _ _ (一天天的).5. Its _ (无礼的) to keep people waiting.II单项选择。( )1. They were always together. He saw _ she saw.A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing( )2. Suddenly, Edward came in and said he had _ to tell the class.A. anything important B. important everythingC. something important D. important something( )3. _ the girls has been to college.A. Two of B. All of C. None of D. No one of( )4.Your coffee smells good! Its from Canada. Would you like _ ?A. it B. this C. some D. little( )5. Im free. I have _ to do.A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing( )6. You know someone _ ever told me that before.A. have B. had C. having D. has( )7. All the students have gone on a field trip. There is _ in the classroom.A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody( )8.Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone?_ I enjoy using QQ.A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. None( )9. You can borrow my CD player, but you mustnt lend it to _.A. others B. other C. the other D. the others( )10. I have four friends. _ of them are workers.A. Both B. All C. Many D. EachIII根据首字母提示完成短文。Many years ago, there was a man called John. He l 1 in a small house on a hill. There were some big trees a 2 his house. One day he thought, “If I cut all these trees down, I can b 3 a new house.” And the next day, he did s 4 .A few days later, a nicer and b 5 house was buit. But one evening after he built his new house, there came a strong w 6 , it blew his new house over. John didnt know w 7 . He said ti h 8 , “Before I cut down the trees, I h 9 a small house to live in. But now a new house means n 10 house to me.”1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._Seetion B知识点击1. The wind is blowing strongly tith lots of sand. 风中夹着大量的沙，疯狂地刮着。sand 沙，沙子，不可数名词。 如：much sand 许多沙a grain of sand 一粒沙子拓展sand 沙子 如：Children are playing on the sand. 孩子们正在沙滩上玩耍。2. People have cut down too many trees. 人们砍伐了太多的树。Cut down 砍伐，down为副词，代词作宾语时，要放中间。 如：Hrees are very useful to us. We shouldnt cut them down.树木对我们很有用，我们不应该砍伐它们。另外，cut down还是“降低，减少”的意思。 如：The article should be cut down to 1000 words.这篇文章应该缩减到一千字。连接（1）cut sth. in half/two 把某物切成两半 如：The apples had been cut in half. 苹果都已经切成了两半。（2）cut sth. into pieces 把某物切碎/剪碎 如：Cut the pepper into small pieces. 把辣椒切碎。3. A lot of rich land has changed into desert. 大量的肥沃土地变成了沙漠。change into 把变成，相当于turn into 如：She is waiting for the traffic lights to change/ turn into green.她在等着交通灯变绿。The cold weather changed water into ice. 寒冷的天气把水变成了冰。4. Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away. 树木能防风固土。它们也可以防止水土流失。stop/prevent/keep sb./ sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事，避免某人/某物做某事。 如：Nothing can stop/ prevent/ keep him from working. 什么事也阻止不了他工作。The heavy rain has prevented us from going there. 大雨使我们不能去那儿。5. And a lot of water can be saved by forests. 森林可以贮存大量的水分。be savewd 为被动语态结构。save此处为“贮存，保留，保存”的意思。 连接save作动词时，还有“挽救”和“节约”的意思。 如：Its a doctors duty to save patientslives. 挽救病人的生命是医生的职责。We must save every drop of water. 我们必须节约每一滴水。6. Stop factories pouring waste water into rivers by cutting off their water supply. 通过却短水源供应来阻止工厂向河流排放污水。（1）cut off中断，切断（电、煤气、水等的）供应。off为副词，代词作宾语时，要放中间。 如：The electricity company cut off electric supply for us.电力公司切断了我们的电供应。The loud noise cut us off in the middle of our conversation.巨大的吵闹声中断了我们的谈话。（2）supply n. 供应 如：The vegetables were in short supply yesterday. 昨天的蔬菜脱销了。拓展supply 作动词时，意为，“供应”，常构成短语supply sb. with sth.为某人提供某物。 如：The have supplied us with various kinds of fruit.他们给我们提供了各种水果。师生互动S：老师，本结课提到了although这个词，您能再给我们讲一讲它的用法吗？T：好的，although是个连词，它主要有两层意思：（1）虽然，尽管，即使。 如：Although the sun was shining, it wasnt very warm.尽管阳光灿烂，却不很暖和。（2）不过；然而。 如：I felt he was wrong, although I didnt say so at the time.我觉得他错了，不过我当时没有说出来。 S：老师，slthough在运用过程中主要起生命作用，表达一种什么关系呢？与我们学过的though又有什么不同吗？T：这个问题问的很好。although与though作连词时在两个从句或句子之间表示对比，只不过though多用于口语。二者均不能与but连用。课堂作业I单项选择。( )1. I dont wanty to have a rest _ Im rired.A. because B. although C. but D. so( )2. Parents should prevent the children _ taking medicine by themselves.A. about B. with C. from D. of( )3. _ we were quite tired, _ we still went on working. A. Although; / B. Because; / C. Gecause; go D. Although; but( )4. Neither the government nor any official is _.A. by law B. under law C. above the law D. obey the law( )5. My hometown has changed _ a new one in the last three years.A. in B. to C. with D. intoII根据句意及首字母提示完成句子。Trees are very useful to us. They can help us p 1 the wind from blowing the earth away and stop the s 2 from moving towards the rich land. Trees also s 3 water from running away. They can keep a great d 4 of water. So we must stop people from c 5 down too many trees. Otherwise a lot of rich land will change into d 6 , l 7 only sand. We must get rid of (摆脱) this kind of bad b 8 .1._ 2._ 3._ 4._5._ 6._ 7._ 8._III完形填空。Sanbei shelter forest (三北防护林) is famous as Chinas “Great Green Wall”. Its a “Green Wall” of trees, millions of trees. China has 1 a new Great Green Wall across the northern part, including Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin, The Great Green Wall also 2 some of the Northeast and the west part of the Northeast. It includes altogether 13 provinces (省), cities and autonomous regions (自治区). Its total area is 4, 069, 000 square kilometers, which covers 42.4% of the land of China. The building of the Great Green Wall will 3 73 years (1978-2050). The Great Green Wall has already saved a lot of land by stopping the 4 from blowing the earth away and the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south. But 5 “Great Green Walls” are still needed and not only in China. They must be built all over the world.( )1. A. drawn B. built C. fund D. finished( )2. A. lasts B. grows C.holds D. covers( )3. A. take B. make C. pay D. pass( )4. A. rain B. snow C. wind D. sun( )5. A. few B. less C. much D. moreSeetion C知识点击1. Some things weve done are very good for the earth while some are not good. 我们所做的一些事情对地球有益，然而另一些却对地球有着负面影响。（1）weve done 为定语从句，修饰things。（2）while 这里为并列连词，意为“然而，而。 如：Her sister likes reading while she likes singing.她妹妹喜欢看书，而她喜欢唱歌。They went out, while she stayed at home. 他们出去了，而她留在家里。2. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. 当刮风下雨的时候土就被刮走或冲走。take away 拿走，取走 如：I dont like these books. Please take them away.我不喜欢这些书，请把它们拿走。拓展take的有关短语：take off 脱下，（飞机）起飞；take 把带到去take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步；take ones time别着急，慢慢干take a bus（ship/train）乘公共汽车（轮船/火车）take turns 轮流，替换；take care of 照看It takes sb. time/ money to do sth. 花费某人时间/金钱做某事take a look 看一看；take photos 拍照；take a holiday 度假take a rest 休息一下；take a seat 坐下3. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead. 结果，现在许多河流湖泊已经没了生机。 be dead 死的，表示一种状态。这里指“无生气的，死气沉沉的”。 连接die v. 死；death n. 死亡；dead adj. 死的 4. The word “it”circled in the passage refers to 短文中圈起来的词“it“指的是 （1）circled in the passage 过去分词作定语，修饰前面的it。 （2）refer to sb./ sth. 谈及/说起/描述某人或某事 如： Her mother never referred to him again. 她的母亲再也没有提起过他。 This paragraph refers to the events of last year. 这一段说的是去年发生的事。 师生互动 S：老师，请您再讲一讲rise这个词的一些用法好吗？ T：好的。rise是不及物动词，意为“升起；上升；起立；起床”，说明主语自身移向较高的位置。 如： The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 Fish rise to the surface. 鱼浮到水面。 S：老师，rise与raise的意思很接近，它们之间有什么区别吗？ T：这个问题非常好。raise是及物动词，意为“举起。提起，抬高”。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。 如： raise ones glass to sb. 举杯祝福某人 有些情况两者都可用。 如： Prices have been raised up. 价格被提高了。（强调人为因素） Prices rose gradually. 价格渐渐地涨上去了。（强调客观因素）课堂作业I根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子。1. The river is at its highest _ (水平线) for several years.2. She r_ to the subject several times during her speech.3. He has _ _ (取走) his books.4. Have you ever heard of _ _ _ (温室效应)?5. The poor havest caused prices to _ (上涨) sharply.II单项选择。( )1. _ down trees harms the living conditions of human beings.A. Cut B. Cuts C. Cutting D. Cuting( )2. The river has _ two feet.A. raised B. rised C. rose D. risen( )3. _ your hand if you know the answer.A. Rise B. Give C. Raise D. Pull( )4. Go _ this gate, and youll see the house on your left.A. across B. through C. past D. over( )5. As we know, nobody _ pollution. A. like B. likes C. dislike D. dislikesIII从方框中选择适当的选项补全对话。WWang Wei KKangkangK: Hi, Wang Wei. I havent seen you for a long time. 1 W: I have been to my hometown in the countryside.K: Great. 2 W: The trip is great, but I didnt feelvery happy.K: 3 W:I saw many unpleasant things.K: 4 W: Oh,