小学英语基础知识.doc

小学英语基础知识1、26个字母（听、说、读、写过关）（所有的大写字母占上两格）: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ R STUVWXYZ ab cde fgh i jklm n opq rs tu vwx yz 字母书写占格：（1）占中间一格的字母：a,c,e,m,n,o,r,s,u,v,w,x,z （2）占一二两格的字母：b,d,h,k,l,i,t以及所有大写字母 （3）占二三两格的字母：g,q,y （4）占三格的字母：f,p,j 单词书写 各字母要紧贴； 各字母要匀称； 人名要大写：英文人名开头一个大写，中国人名姓、名分别大写，即两个大写； 地名开头大写； 国名开头大写； 数词后置式的词组Class ,Grade , Picture ,单词开头要大写； 缩写词一般要大写； I永远大写。 各字母斜度一致。 形容词性物主代词 人称 单数 复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称 my mine our ours第二人称 your yours your yours第三人称 his his their theirs her hers its itsBe动词的用法Be动词用法口诀：我用am，你用are，Is连着他，她，它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are，变否定，更容易，（be）后加not就可以，变问句，往前提，句末问号莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，举手大卸磨迟疑。Im=I am Im not=I am notyoure=you are youre not=you are notTheyre=they are theyre not=they are notHes=he is he isnt=he is notShes=she is she isnt=she is notIts=it is it isnt=it is not名词单数变复数 规则变化：名词单数变复数，一般加-s没有错。 词尾s, x, sh, ch,o直接加上-es。 f, fe为结尾，加-s之前要变ve。 辅音字母y来结尾，y变i再加-es没问题。 部分词尾字母若是o，加-es有tomato和potato。 不规则变化:不规则变化要特别记，oo常常变ee, foot -feet;男人、女人a改e, manmen; 特殊childchildren等。 不可数名词的复数使用原型。如：water, juice, soup, bread, rice, meat, cheese, fish, sheep o、s、x、ch、sh结尾的加es glassglasses sunglasssunglasses dressdresses boxboxes foxfoxes dishdishes benchbenches branchbranches sandwich-sandwiches potato-photoes busbuses classclasses brushbrushes watch- watches 辅音字母+y结尾，变为ies familyfamilies babybabies bodybodies aviaryaviaries flyflies library-libraries butterfly-butterflies countrycountries Birthday-birthdays f、fe结尾，去f、fe，变为ies shelfshelves leafleaves wolfwolves knifeknives scarf-scarves 特殊情况 childchildren mousemice footfeet toothteeth sheepsheep peoplepeople fishfish(表示数量) manmen plicemanpolicemen 不可数名词无复数形式 milk tea water juice coffee soup rice bread jam honey butter flour glue paper sugar salt hair ice tape money corn hay grass rain typhoon thunder 同义词 manymuch someany how manyhow much nicebeautiful 同音词 pearpair rightwrite seesea arentaunt whoswhose forfour totwotoo knowno wherewear hearhere theretheir bybuybye flour-flower 反义词 longshort tallshort largesmall hotcold newold youngold thickthin wetdry fatthin afraidbrave hungryfull happysad warmcool roughsmooth softhard whiteblack fastslow goodbad beautifulugly cheapdear rightwrong cleandirty earlylate noisequiet easydifficult inout updown leftright eastwest southnorth onunder in front ofbehind turn onturn off comego sitstand herethere put ontake off get onget off 熟记变特殊疑问句时，容易判断错的情况。 数词 表示年龄：He is fifty-five. How old is he ? 表示时间：Its fifty-five. Whats the time? 表示加法：Six and two is eight. Whats six and two? 表示价格：The shirt is thirty yuan . How much is the shirt? 表示多少：I have three brothers. How many brothers do you have? 姓名和人 表示人名：My name is Gina. Whats your name? 表示人：The woman is Gina. Who is the woman ? 长度和距离 表示距离：Its five hundred metres away from here. How far is it from here? 表示长度：Its five hundred metres. How long is it ? 颜色，东西 表示颜色：The shoes are white. What color are the shoes? 表示物：They are white sheep. What are they? 表示颜色：They are white sheep. What color are these sheep? 名词所有格和人 表示名词所有格：Shes Lucys sister. Whose sister is she? 表示人：Shes Lucys sister. Who is she? 疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?一般现在时 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语 行为动词 其它。如： We study English.我们学习英语。一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语 be not 其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be 主语 其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 非凡疑问句：疑问词 一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形( 其它)。如： I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如： He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.3. 动词 s的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 2陈述句中有情态动词（can may must ）时，也可直接将它们提至主语前，即可成为一般疑问句。 如： He can swim now Can he swim now？ The children may come with us May the children come with us？ 3陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时，变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does 主语后的实义动词用原形。如： I like these animals Do you like these animals？ She wants to go to the movies Does she wan