学生版笔译II讲稿.doc

学生版笔译（II）讲稿第一讲 分译、合译法1. 分译法1.1分句法【例1】 The classification of civilization as the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and Iron Age depends principally on the kinds of tools used.【译文】【例2】Work, therefore, is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as noting in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days（南京农业大学，2008）【译文】【例3】It is also a world where some are left further and further behind those who are not educated, those trapped in poverty and violence, those for whom equal opportunity is just a hollow phrase. ( TEM8, 2007)【译文】【例4】We are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.【译文】【例5】 For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support of their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius. （武汉理工大学，2008）【译文】1.2分叙法【例1】 We dashed in through lots of steam and found the cook very wet and indignant with the ship.( TEM8,1993)【译文】【例2】 Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others.【译文】【例3】The lack of proprieties would make the most intimate friends turn to be the most decided enemies and the friendly or allied countries declare war against each other.（上海对外贸易学院，2004） 【译文】【例4】The line outside the stock exchange was filled with excited talkers and check writers. (北京外国语大学，2000)【译文】【例5】 Its Chinas sincere wish and also to the interest of the United States to expand bilateral trade and economic co-operation.【译文】1.3 拆离法1.3.1 拆英语单词为汉语分句【例1】 She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.【译文】【例2】Jordan can not politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference.【译文】【例3】Hugh Walpole, that greatly gifted novelist taught school after leaving Cambridge, and very sensibly began by writing about school teaching.（北京师范大学，2007）【译文】【例4】Later Miss Coulson dutifully came in to inquire how the gout was progressing. (O.Henry, The Marry Month of May)【译文】1.3.2 拆英语短语为汉语分句【例1】I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature. (山东师范大学，2009)【译文】【例2】 It was only the confirmation of the dark presages which had long gone before. (William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair)【译文】 【例3】As a probing psychologist he is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists.（上海外国语大学，2006）【译文】【例4】They had just enough money and influence to make themselves disliked in a poor community. (北京外国语大学，2002)【译文】【例5】A writers work is a constant struggle to get the right word in the right place. （中国人民大学，2007）【译文】【例6】Striving for success without hard work is like trying to harvest where you havent planted.【译文】 1.3.3 拆英语从句为汉语单句或复句【例1】There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money.（北京科技大学，2008）【译文】【例2】September 11 delivered both a shock and a surprisethe attack and our response to itand we can argue forever over which mattered more. （武汉大学，2008）【译文】1.4 综合分译法 【例1】I have wondered what it is that makes so many English-speaking people somber in their outlook in spite of good health and a good income.【译文】【例2】Do you share the view that too many people are talking too much about China?【译文】 【例3】The conjunction of Soapys receptive state of mind and the influences about the old church wrought a sudden and wonderful change in his soul. (O.Henry, The Cop And The Anthem )【译文】【例4】A focus on factors such as the ability to quickly grasp a complex concept, verbal reasoning skills and creativitysome of the key ingredients of intelligencerevealed the male teenagers had IQs that were an average 3.63 points higher.（北京航空航天大学，2007）【译文】2. 合译法 2.1将英语两个或两个以上简单句译成汉语一个单句【例1】Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. (TEM8, 2005)【译文】【例2】The result of the Civil War was not just the triumph of the abolitionists over the slave-owners. It was also the triumph of the industrial North over the agrarian South.（上海大学，2004）【译文】【例3】Homeless, they have a hundred homes. They flit from furnished room to furnished room, transients forevertransients in abode, transients in heart and mind. (O.Henry, The Furnished Room)【译文】【例4】He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. (大连理工大学，2005)【译文】【例5】Sometimes the hardest thing about being Secretary of State is managing relations with 191 other countries across the globe. And sometimes its just making nice with three or four of your colleagues in the Cabinet.（天津外国语学院，2006）【译文】【例6】The white-washed walls are brilliant against the dark-blue sky. The white walls of the house coldly reverberate the lunar radiance. The moon is full.（上海外国语大学，2005）【译文】2.2 英语并列句译成汉语单句【例1】In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.【译文】【例2】The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with a decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air. 【译文】【例3】The four men huddled there and said nothing. They dared not smoke. They would not move.【译文】【例4】She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work.【译文】2.3 将英语主从复合句译成汉语单句【例1】When you apply for graduate degree courser in Oxford, you should contact University of Oxford directly.【译文】【例2】 The paper said that the foreign agents had infiltrated the Egyptian government and engineered Sadats overthrow.【译文】【例3】It is now strictly true that scarcely a fly or mosquito can be seen in the town and cholera and smallpox are no more.【译文】2.4 将英语一个简单句和一个并列句（或复合句）合译成汉语单句（或复句）【例1】A report this week from the London Assembly takes a sterner line. In fact, radios failed to work, medical supplies were lacking, some ambulances arrived inexplicably late and traumatized people were left to wander off.（北京航空航天大学，2010）【译文】【例2】 In the third place, property makes its owner feel that he ought to do something to it. Yet he isnt sure what.（上海财经大学，2007）【译文】【例3】They are not content with merely taking care of whats already there. They want to move forward to create something new.（南京理工大学， 2007）【译文】【例4】The study also investigated the relationships between BMI and cognitive function in 2223 healthy men and women between the ages of 32 and 62 in France through the use of four cognitive tests. The study found a higher BMI was associated with lower cognitive test scores. （南开大学，2007）【译文】2.5 英语两个复合句（或一个复合句一个并列句）合译成一个汉语复句【例1】We ordered the decommissioning of the two large Navy yachts that had been maintained exclusively for the Presidents use. We also tried to cut down on the numbers and security requirements of the Secret Service who were always with us（东北财经大学，2007）【译文】【例2】 Suppose you ignore the telephone when it rings, and suppose that, for once, somebody has an important message for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. （华中师范大学，2008）【译文】【例3】Whatever the euphemism, employees affected by these practices know what the word mean to them: layoff. And no kinder, gentler” can do much to alleviate the anxiety and distress that come with losing a job.（北京外国语大学，2009）【译文】第二讲 被动语态的译法1. 翻译成主动句1.1 译成一般的主动句1.1.1原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语【例1】That machine-made goods can be well designed and good-looking no one now denies;（TEM8,1992）【译文】【例2】By comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class.(TEM8,1995)【译文】【例3】It was the last Saturday in June and at ten oclock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted.( TEM8,1996)【译文】【例4】Instead of having shared their original duties, as school-boy would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled.(TEM8, 2008)【译文】【例5】It would be even more unfortunate if students were made the instruments of competition and teaching and learning methods were reduced to mere strategies for coming out tops in the race. （国际关系学院，2009）【译文】【例6】The farmer can work alone in the field or the woods all day, weedding or chopping, and not feel lonesome, because he is employed. （北京第二外国语学院，2002）【译文】【例7】This was recognized from the very beginnings of Western civilization. (北京师范大学，2007)【译文】【例8】Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results .【译文】【例9】The price of everything from Persian Gulf oil to Brazilian coffee is quoted in my name. （武汉理工大学，2009）【译文】【例10】Anglophone readers have generally been offered not what is better and different from their own and cognate literatures, but inferior imitations and adaptations of nineteenth-and twentieth-century Western models.（北京外国语大学，2010）【译文】【例11】With the high degree of specialization，the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before. (中国地质大学，2007)【译文】1.1.2原文中的主语在译文中做宾语【例1】The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. ( TEM8,1999)【译文】【例2】It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person. (TEM8, 2004)【译文】【例3】Facial contours are re-sculpted, features are refined. (中国人民大学，2005)【译文】【例4】Policies need to be shaped to the special circumstances in individual countries. (北京外国语大学，2009)【译文】【例5】The goods are urgently needed. Prompt shipment will be appreciated.【译文】【例6】From Republican Rome onward, translation has been used in language teaching in the European educational system. （北京师范大学，2006）【译文】【例7】 Moreover it is excellent, I am told, for the complexion.（北京外国语大学，2007）【译文】【例8】But since then an ever stronger momentum has been generated by such players as wealth, stocks, and Internet, which are more than technology.（国际关系学院，2008）【译文】【例9】Ones past experience is devalued while the ability to keep on learning is treasured.（国际关系学院，2008）【译文】【例10】Secure jobs are no longer sought after, but those requiring energy and drive are preferred.（国际关系学院，2008）【译文】1.2 含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句【例1】It is suggested that the board of meeting be put off till next Monday.【译文】【例2】A few years ago it was thought unusual that programmers could ever be called up by viewers to be displayed on their TV screens at home.【译文】【例3】 It is generally held that to push the six-party talks forward, it is necessary to set up a working group at present.【译文】【例4】It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems.【译文】。【例5】It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.【译文】【例6】It is understood that this participation is not at odds with democracy.【译文】1.3 译成无主句【例1】Partial shipments are allowed unless the credit specially states otherwise.【译文】【例2】A globe and integrated approach should be adopted and unremitting and solid efforts be made for the establishment of new international economic order.（东华大学，2009）【译文】【例3】 Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “auditorium.” （南京理工大学，2009）【译文】【例4】This method should not be used when it is feasible to use a more precise method.【译文】【例5】In order to do research in nuclear physics, the young teachers are required to complete a two-year graduate course.【译文】【例6】Except as otherwise required by law or this Agreement, the Ventures shall not be required to make any further capital contributions to the Venture【译文】1.4 译成汉语判断句，即“是的”句型或同义的表述。【例1】Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release or transfer of energy in the earths inferior.【译文】【例2】Jordan is 30 and at the height of his playing and earning power but it was not, by his own account, taken hastily, rashly or under any duress.(TEM8,1994)【译文】【例3】 It is true that new economy is driven by technology, but that is not all. A spirit of innovation and initiative is also fueling its progress. （国际关系学院，2008）【译文】【例4】 Service firms may be classified by their degree of customer contact. （浙江工商大学，2009）【译文】【例5】The performance, price and style of the car were considered important by Mr. Zhang.【译文】2. 翻译成被动句 2.1译成一般的被动句译文中常出现“被、受、遭、给、挨、叫、让”等助动词充当被动句的标记。【例1】 Rural areas of developing countries are also plagued by a lack of adequate sanitation. （上海海事大学，2009）【译文】【例2】Today the ancient, ancestral wisdom of the hand has been largely replaced by the simple movements of the machine operator.(TEM8,1992)【译文】【例3】Though the practice has for some time been abandoned, its long dominance has helped define thinking on translation in Europe and the Americas.（北京师范大学，2006）【译文】【例4】The ability to expect the unexpected should be considered something of a virtue for public officials. （北京第二外国语学院，2008）【译文】【例5】As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama. （南京理工大学，2009）【译文】【例6】Since she had little scientific training, she had never been indoctrinated with behaviorist theory.（北京科技大学，2006）【译文】【例7】I dont know where she is. She could have been kidnapped for all I know.（首都师范大学，2010）【译文】【例8】The temple was run as a household, with the god or goddess at its head; every citizen belonged to a temple and was regarded as one of the people of the god or goddess. （南开大学，2006）【译文】2.2译成“由”字句【例1】Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. （南京农业大学，2008）【译文】【例2】The temples were usually set in an enclosure, they were often elaborately decorated in a variety of techniques, and frequently they were built on an elevated platform. （南开大学，2006）【译文】【例3】The lives of most men are determined by their environment. (大连理工大学，2005)【译文】【例4】She was supported by a humble friend, who was endeavoring to comfort her. （中国矿业大学徐州校区，2006）【译文】【例5】A parallel teaching is necessary for our social beings, and it is secured by a large school or a college, and this effect may be fairly called in its own department an enlargement of mind（东南大学, 2004） 【译文】3. 英语主动句译成汉语被动句【例1】The establishment of communication between people belonging to different speech communities has long been an important form of linguistic performance.（北京师范大学，2008）【译文】【例2】Unsightly junkyards full of rusting automobiles already surround every city in the nation. 【译文】【例3】But even so, 1ife in the White House was confining, and this made the home we bought in summer 1969 for our retirement in San Clemente even more special for us. （东北财经大学，2007）【译文】【例4】Trade within regions expanded faster than trade between regions, and many foresaw the emergence of regional economic blocs, European, North American, and perhaps others. （国际关系学院，2006）【译文】第三讲 名词从句的译法英语中具有名词性质的从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1. 主语从句的译法1.1以what, whatever, whoever, whether, how等代词引导的主语从句一般顺译。 【例1】Rankings is transparent and how well a school has been doing is clearly reflected in concrete statistics.（国际关系学院，2009）【译文】【例2】What is even more amazing is that he purveyed many of these insights through a series of papers that appeared during a single miraculous year, 1905. (北京外国语大学，2005)【译文】【例3】 Sure, with money one could afford to live ultimate desires, but whats really hidden from view is the kind of thing that too much money could do to people. （福建师范大学，2004）【译文】【例4】Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question.（南京农业大学，2008）【译文】1.2以It 作形式主语引出的真主语从句，翻译顺序视情况而定1.2.1真主语从句提前译【例1】It is no accident that the twentieth century should be the century of highly centralized government and totalitarian dictatorships. （西南财经大学，2007）【译文】【例2】It certainly is not proper that a man should be held in esteem merely because he says he has had a disposition to do good when in fact he has not done so. （东南大学，2003）【译文】1.2.2真主语从句不提前，it一般不需译出【例1】If you try divorce or remarriage it is very unlikely that there will be any change in this respect. 【译文】【例2】It is unfortunate that to a large extent, academic scores have become the primary concern in the learning process.（国际关系学院，2009）【译文】【例3】It is our hope that, in some small measure, we have been able to make a contribution to this important area of applied linguistics research. (北京师范大学，2003)【译文】【例4】However, it should not be supposed that the fancy word is always better. （中国人民大学，2007）【译文】1.3 译成宾语从句【例1】It was generally accepted that either the universe had existed forever in an unchanging state, or that it had been created at a finite time in the past more or less as we observe it today. （南京航空航天大学，2007）【译文】【例2】It is generally believed that the more time a person spends at work, the more she or he accomplishes.【译文】【例3】It was pointed out that the accusations were groundless.【译文】。【例4】If the dispute cannot be settled