动词、词组、单词.doc

英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词归纳（1） AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形） cost（花费） cost cost cut（割） cut cut hit（打） hit hit hurt 伤害） hurt hurt let（让） let let put（放） put put read （读） read read(2) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形） become（变成） became become come（来） came come run（跑） ran run (3) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形） dig（挖） dug dug get（得到） got gotten/got forget (忘记） forgot forgotten/forgot hang（吊死） hanged hanged hang（悬挂） hung hung shine（照耀） shone shone sit（坐） sat sat win（赢） won won lie (说谎） lied lied lie（平躺）lay lain lay (放置） laid laid meet（遇见）met metkeep （保持）kept kept sleep（睡） slept slept sweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉） felt felt smell（闻）smelt smelt leave（离开） left left build（建设） built built lend（借出） lent lent send （传送） sent sent spend（花费） spent spent lose （丢失） lost lost burn （燃烧） burnt burnt learn（学习） learnt/learned learnt/learned mean（意思是） meant meant catch（抓住） caught caught teach（教） taught taught bring（带来） brought broughtfight （战斗，打架）fought foughtbuy（买） bought boughtthink（想） thought thought hear （听见） heard heardsell（卖） sold soldtell（告诉） told toldhold（抓,扶；举办）held heldsay（说） said said find（找到） found foundhave/has（有） had had make（制造） made madestand（站） stood stood understand(明白)understood understood(4) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始） began begundrink（喝） drank drunkring（铃响） rang rung sing （唱） sang sungswim（游泳） swam swum blow（吹） blewblowngrow（生长） grewgrown know（知道） knew knownthrow（投掷） threw thrownshow（出示） showed showndraw（画） drew drawnfly（飞） flew flownbreak（打破） broke broken speak（说，讲） spoke spokenchoose（选择） chose chosen wake（醒） woke woken drive（驾驶） drove drivenwrite（写） wrote writtenrise（升高） rose risenride（骑） rode riddengive（给） gave given fall（落下） fell alleneat（吃） ate eaten take（取） took taken mistake（弄错） mistook mistakendo（做） did done go（去）went gonesee（看见）saw seenwear（穿） wore wornbear (生) bore born be ( am, is, are )（是）was, werebeen注意下列动词后的不同动词形式：1.使役动词：（使役动词后只有1种形式：即省to的不定式） let (让) + sb + do make（使） have(要）2.下列动词后只能跟ing形式：1) finish (完成) enjoy (喜欢) spend（花费） +doing practise（练习） mind（介意） consider(考虑)2) be busy(忙于) feel like(想要) +doing put off（推迟）3.感官动词：（感官动词后可以有2种不同形式）see( 看见) watch（观看）hear（听见） + sb + do (表动作已完成）/doing（表动作正在进行中）feel（感觉） notice（注意）find（找到）4. 下列动词后可以有2种不同形式:1) 意义差别不大start(开始)begin(开始)like（喜欢）+ to do/doinglove (喜爱)2) 意义有区别：stop to do sth 停下来去做 doing sth 停止做forget to do sth 忘记去做 doing sth 忘记做了lie与 lay的区别lie: 平躺 过去式 lay, 过去分词 lain , 现在分词 lyinglie: 说谎 过去式 lied, 过去分词 lied , 现在分词 lyinglay: 安放 过去式 laid, 过去分词 laid, 现在分词 laying动词的现在分词形式变化一 、.直接在动词后面加-ing 1. do-doing 做 2. stand-standing 站 3. sleep-sleeping 睡觉 4. eat-eating 吃 5. sing-singing 唱 6. drink-drinking 喝 7. read-reading 读 8. look-looking 看 9. walk-walking 散步 10. watch-watching 看11. draw-drawing 画 12. fly-flying 飞 13. open-opening 打开14. jump-jumping 跳 15. do-doing 做 16. paint-painting 绘画 17. pick-picking 捡 18. play-playing 玩 19. garden-gardening 做园艺工作 20. talk-talking 说话 21. cook-cooking 烹饪 22. see-seeing 看见 23. learn-earning 学习 24. catch-catching 抓住 25. climb-climbing 爬 26. count-counting 数数 27. clean-cleaning 打扫 28. fish-fishing 钓鱼 二、.动词变现在分词: 以不发音的e 结尾的去e 加-ing 1. come coming 来 2. dance - dancing 跳舞 3. close - closing 关 4. make making 制造 5. ride riding 骑 6. write - writing 写 7. take - taking 拿走 8. phone - phoning 打电话 9.dance-dancing跳舞 9. move moving 移动 搬 10. have having 有 11.leave-leaving 12.wake-waking 三.动词变现在分词: 重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing 1. sit- sitting 做 2. hop - hopping 单脚跳 3. swim- swimming 游泳 4. run - running 跑 5. cut cutting 切 6. put putting 放 7get-getting 得到 8.shop-shopping 购物 9.skip-skipping 跳绳 10.begin-beginning 开始 11.forget-forgetting 12.stop-stopping 13.travel-travelling 四.以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing; 1.lie-liying 2.die-dying英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如apple 划音节就因该是ap/ple 前面那个ap 是一个音节以辅音因素p结尾就是闭音节。 重读闭音节三要素： 1. 必须是重读音节； 2. 最后只有一个辅音字母； 3.元音字母发短元音 重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音. 如:sit-sitting begin-beginning(重读在gin这个音节上，相当于把gin改成双写的)像travel这种重读不在的vel，可以为travelled，也可以是traveled. 举两个很经典的例子：forbid-forbidding (重读闭音节，双写)prohibit-prohibiting （重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写）高中习惯用法总结【要点点拨】1. Its the first time that.(从句中用现在完成时)It was for the first time that(强调句，对状语for the first time进行强调)Its (high) time that.(从句中用过去时或should do)2. Its the same with sb. / So it is with sb.表示某人也如此（用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词）3.be about to do / be doingwhen.正要做/正在做就在那时.4 A is twice / three times as +原级+as BA is twice / three times the n. of B. A is twice / three times +比较级+than B5. Its a waste of time / money doing / to doIts no use / good doingIts possible / probable / (un) likely that.It makes great / no sense to do做某事很有/没意义6. Theres no use / good doing.Theres no sense / point (in) doingThere is no need for sth. / to do.There is (no) possibility that（同位语从句）7.The+比较级., the+比较级越., 越.注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时；8. It seems / appears ( to sb. ) that sb.在某人看来某人.= Sb. seems / appears to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.It seems / looks as if.好象/似乎.9.It (so) happened that sb. .某人碰巧.= Sb. happened to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.10.It is said / thought / believed / hoped / supposed .that sb=Sb. is said to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hope sb. to do结构)12 .such.that.如此.以致于（引导结果状语从句） .such.as像.的这种(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)13. Do you mind if I do sth.? / Would you mind if I did sth.?14. The chance is that./ (The )Chances are that.很可能.15.Check / Make sure / See to it / See that.(从句中常用一般现在时) 确信/务必.16. depend on it that.取决于 see to it that.负责/设法做到.注意：除了except / but / in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语；17 It is / was +介词短语/ 从句/ 名词/代词等+that How / When / Where / Why is / was it that.?注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who连接；强调主语时，从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致；注意与定语从句的区别）18 .How is it that.（这几个句型都表示“怎么会.?” “怎么发生的？”） How come+从句？ How does / did sth. come about? ( How did it come about that.?)如:How come you are late again?19. There seems / appears / happens to be / must be / cant be / is (are, was, were) said to be / is (are, was, were) thought to be.表示 “.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/ 据说有/认为有.” 介词（如of ）there being want / wish / expect there to be要/希望/期待有. adj. / adv. enough for there to be.足够.会有.注意：there being / there to be为there be的非谓语形式；It is said / thought that there is / are=There is / was / are / were said (thought) to be. 如：I have never dream of there being such a good chance for me.It wont be cold enough for there to be a frost tonight.20. 疑问词+插入语+陈述语序？Who do you think hell have attend the meeting?21. But for + n. / pron., sb. / sth. would (not) have done.要不是., 某人早就(表示虚拟语气)=If it had not been for.,./ If there had not been ., .22. It won(t) be long before +从句（从句中用一般现在时）不久/很久就要. It was (not) long before+从句（从句中用一般过去时）不久/很久才.23. Those who.(从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式). Anyone who= Whoever.(从句及主句中谓语动词用单数形式)24.主句（一般现在时或过去时）.when从句.(might / should do 或might / should have done) 表示”对比”,意思为 “本该(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气,如:Why are you here when you should be in school?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?He stopped trying when he might have succeeded .本该已成功了他却停止努力了.25. There is ./ Sb. have no doubt that(同位语从句,that不可省略)There is / Sb. have some doubt whether.(同位语从句不可用if) Sb. doubt if / whether. Sb. dont doubt that26 . immediately / directly / instantly / the moment +从句 on / upon + n. / doing No sooner had sb. done than .(过去时) Hardly had sb. done when.(过去时)注意：这几个结构都表示“一.就”；27. every time / each time / the last time / the first time / next time +从句（名词性短语引导一个时间状语句）anywhere / everywhere +从句（相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句）You can go anywhere you like.Next time you come, please bring your son along.28.If only / I wish +从句(用过去类时态) 表示虚拟语气, “要是.就好了” “但愿就好了!”29 .Considering + n. 或 pron. 或 that从句 / Seeing that.考虑到/鉴于.Given + n. / pron作状语,表示 “在有的情况下” “如果有” “假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should help him now.Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.Given their inexperience / that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.30.There was a time when.曾经有那么一度.31.other than与no, not, none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如:It was none other than Mr. Smith.这正是Smith先生.32. Not until.did / do/ does / will sb. doIt was / is not until that sb33.Its (un) like sb. to do / to have done做某事很像某人/ 做某事可不像某人34.It remains to be seen Wh-words .是否.还有待于看.(不用that, if作连接词)35.It only remains for sb. to do剩下的只是要某人做某事.Weve got everything ready. It only remains for you to come to dinner.36.One moment., and now刚才一会儿还在做而现在却.37.Not all / both / everyone表示部分否定38. Such is / are.这(些)就是.(谓语动词单复数由后面名词决定)39. Id rather (not) do / have done我宁愿. Id rather +从句（从句中用过去时或过去完成时）40. Its important / necessary / strange / surprising.+that(用陈述语气或should do)41. I like / hate / appreciate it that / when等从句 (it表示后面从句的这种情况)I appreciate it if you will give me a hand.42. By the time +从句（一般现在时/过去时），主句（将来完成时/过去完成时）43., as is often the case with sb. / as is usual with sb.(as引导非限制性定语从句)44 in case / lest / for fear that.(从句中用陈述语气或should do)45.While置于句首可表示As long as 或 AlthoughWhile there is life there is hope.While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones.46. can not ( never) too +adj. (adv. ) / adj. (adv.) + enough “越越好”“非常” too + adj. ( anxious / eager / willing / ready / glad等)+to do.表示肯定意思I cant thank you enough.我非常感激你.He was too glad to see his father.=He was very glad to see his father.47. not / neve r 等表示否定的词与比较级连用表示最高级，如：-Do you agree with his suggestion? -I cant agree more.48. What if.要是.怎么办？What if he doesnt come tomorrow?49. more.than与其.不如.He is more nervous than frightened. 50. It is / has been +一段时间+since从句(从句中如为延续性动词,则实际表示的意思相反)It is two years since he drank.他不喝酒已两年了.【各个击破】1. Mr. Smith didnt understand _ made his son so upset this morning.A. what was it B. why it was this C. how that was D. what it was that2. -Did you have a good sleep last night?-Yes, never sleep _.A. badly B. better C. worse D. best3. We are only _ glad to do anything we can _ her.A. too; to help B. very; help C too; help D. very; helping4. -How come you are late for class again?-_.A. Because I missed the bus B. By bus and then on footC. Please excuse me D. Its quite wrong5. _more than 3,000 languages in the world.A. There are thought to be B. There is thought to beC. They are thought to be D. It is thought to be6. -George is a wise person.-But in my opinion, he is _ than wise.A. cleverer B. braver C. more brave D. less brave7. -So can I ask you a few fairly straightforward questions about yourself?-No problem. I like _ when people are open and direct.A. that B. this C. it D. them8. -_I move the picture over here?-I suppose itll look better.A. How if B. What about C. How about D. What if9. China has produced _ this year as it did in 2002.A. as twice much steel B. twice steel as muchC. twice as much steel D. as much steel twice10.-_was it _ you discovered the secret of his? -Totally by chance.A. How; when B. What; that C. What; when D. How; that11.-Who on earth could it be? -It was _ other than Clint Eastwood.A. none B. nothing C. not D. nobody12._his age, he did it quite well, so dont _ him any more.A Given; blame B. Considered; say C. To regard; scold D. Considering; speak13.No sooner _ themselves in their seats in the theatre _ the curtain went up.A. they have settled; before B. had they settled; thanC. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than14. -Did you meet with the famous space hero, Yang Liwei? -_I had come here earlier!A. If only B. If not C. But for D. For fear15.The students expected _ more reviewing classes before the final exams.A. it would be B. there being C. it to be D. there to be16.Students shouldnt be given so difficult a problem _ they can not work out.A. that B. which C. while D. as17. It was twelve oclock at midnight _ they arrived at a lonely village.A. that B. before C. since D. when18.-The exam wasnt difficult, was it? -No, but I dont think _could pass it.A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody19.-I always take care when doing papers on the computer. -You meant it! One can not be _careful working on it.A. too B. very C. so D. quite20.-Is Miss White working these days? -No. It is two months since she worked here. -Oh,_?A. where is she working now B. would you please show me the wayC. which is her office D. is she ill高一（上）的词汇分类水果及食品beer n.啤酒taste teist vt.品尝vinegar n.醋oil n.油suck sk vt.吮吸；舔食cookbook n.食谱；烹饪书beancurd n.豆腐pancake n.薄煎饼bowl n.碗soup su:p n.汤coffee n.咖啡cream kri:m n.奶油，乳脂ice cream n.冰激凌boil boil vi.&vt.煮butter n.黄油bean bi:n n.豆；豆科植物fresh adj.新鲜的cheese tsi:z n.奶酪学习及用具 （与学校有关）learner n.学习者；初学者practice n.实践；练习physics fiziks n.物理学chemistry kemistri n.化学biology n.生物学geography n.地理；地理学expression n.词句；表达experiment n.实验cupboard n.器皿柜pronounce vt.发音plan n.计划，打算medicine medsin n.医学pronunciation n.发音sound saundvi.&vt.发出声音character n.(汉)字；字体phrase freiz n.短语；习惯用语revision n.复习；温习notice nautisn.通知；布告school-leaver n.学校毕业生training n.训练；培训training centre 培训中心point n.点；分数bookstore buksto: n.书店title taitl n.标题；题目record n.记录 vt.记录；记载keep a record 作记录correct adj.正确的；对的summary n.摘要；概要motto moteu n.箴言；格言politics politiksn.政治political adj.政治的leader n.领袖，领导人explanation n.解释，说明交通petrol n.汽油oil n.油wheel wi:l n.轮，机轮gas n.煤气；汽油；天然气airport n.机场，航空站taxi n.出租汽车take a taxi 打的mile mail n.英里centimeter n.公分，厘米destroy distroi vt.破坏；毁坏minibus n.小型公共汽车railway reilwei n.铁路port po:tn.港口；码头by sea 乘船ship vi.用船装运sailing selin,seilinn.航海quake kwek,kweik v.震动；颤抖earthquake n.地震shake vt.&vi.震动；摇动CAAC 中国民航passenger n.乘客；旅客aeroplane n.飞机repair vt.&vi.修理swift swift adj.快的；迅速的与人有关的sadly adv.痛心的；伤心的cousin kzn n.堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹)lively laivli adj.活泼的；充满生机的request 求，要求的事物proper adj.合适的；恰当的reason ri:zn n.理由；secret si:krit n.秘密howl vi.嚎叫；嚎哭explain iksplein vt.&vi.解释；说明Betty beti 贝蒂(女名)separate adj.单独的；各自的villager n.村民reporter n.记者，通讯员newspaper reporter 新闻记者stranger n.陌生人；外人neighbour neibe n.邻居；邻人scientist n.科学家believe bili:v vt.&vi.相信；认为greatly adv.很；非常boyfriend n.男朋友girlfriend n.女朋友anger n.怒，愤怒actor n.男演员时间dawn do:n n.黎明；拂晓dark da:k n.黄昏；黑暗fina