非谓语动词(Non-predicateVerbs).doc

优秀文档，精彩无限！非谓语动词（Non-predicate Verbs）非谓语动词包括：不定式（Infinitives）、分词（Participles）和动名词(Gerunds)。其中分词有包括现在分词（Present Participles）和过去分词（Past Participles）。因为该话题太大，本节课只讲其中一部分：分词（Participles）和不定式的基本用法区别。一、明确谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式的区别（一）阅读下列句子，注意划线部分的谓语动词的构成（时态、语态和语气）1.He lives in Beijing.2. He is writing a novel now3.A taxi wasnt at all necessary.4.Mary was making a dress.5. I have written me two letters so far. 6.We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.7. He will help his sister with her lessons.8. She would lose the key!9. We shall be having a meeting in a minute.10.I have been painting the living room all day.11. John would be flying to America.12. Before long, he will have forgotten all about it.13. He had been studying English before entering the college.14. By the time the sun sets, they will have been working on the farm for six hours.15. She told me that she would have been teaching English for 30 years at the end of this year.16.He said he would have finished the work then.18. He was born in Beijing in 1965.19. You should have cleaned the room.20. Listen carefully.21. I found him lying on the grass.谓语动词的形式用表格表示：表一（主动语态）一般式完成式进行式完成进行式write/writeshave/ has writtenam, is, are writingHave/has been writingwrotehad writtenwas/were writinghad been writingshall/will writeshall/will have writtenshall ,will be writingshall ,will have been writingshould /would writeshould/would have writtenwould, should be writingshould, wouldhave been writing表二（被动语态）式时一般式进行式完成式现在时amis seenareamis being seenarehasbeen seenhave过去时wasseenwerewasbeing seenwerehad been seen将来时shallseenwillshallhave been seenwill过去将来时shouldbe seenwould归纳总结：谓语动词形式除了一般现在时和过去是以外，都包含一个系动词或助动词或情态动词。（二）阅读下列句子注意划线部分非谓语动词的构成不定式1.The last one to arrive pays the meal.2.He pretended to be listening to me carefully.3.She is said to have just completed a novel.4.The experiment was said to have been done twice.5.The meeting to be held next week is very important. 过去分词6.The meeting held last week is very important.现在分词7.The meeting being held now is very important.8.He is a student at Oxford University, studying for a degree in computer science.9.Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. 10The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent having been launched at the end of last March.非谓语动词的形式用表格表示：表三（非谓语动词）主动语态被动语态不定式一般式to writeto be written进行式to be writing完成式to have writtento have been writtenVing一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been written过去分词taken归纳总结：不定式前面都有一个小品词to; Vings时动词后加ing构成；规则过去分词是动词后加ed。二、明确谓语动词的否定与谓语语动词否定的区别谓语动词非谓语动词He doesnt like maths. She isnt coming tomorrow. They havent done the experiment The engine wont start. You mustnt leave things every where. He didnt play basketball yesterday.Not knowing what to do, he turned to the teacher for help. He told me not to open the window. Not well designed, the bridge collapsed soon after it was completed. His not coming on time let me down.谓语动词借助于助动词+not来实现非谓语借助于not来实现三、明确句子谓语的主语与非谓语逻辑主语的区别主语逻辑主语The table is made in China.He cant jump that high.The taller of the two boys is absent.To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.What he said was right then.It is said that he will visit China.Its important for you to master a foreign language.It was careless of us to forget to lock the door.He told me to leave at once. He spoke in a loud voice to make himself heard.He offered to help us. His leaving is a great loss. Walking in the street, he happened to meet Jane.The trees planted last year grow well.People there were all excited at the news.谓语动词的主语是名词、代词、不定式、动名词还有从句兼任都放在谓语动词前面非谓语动词的逻辑主语是有句子的成分兼任的（个别不定式和动名词除外）四、初步掌握非谓语动词的用法一个中心，两个基本点（一）五个基本句型观察下面五个句子（五个基本句型），判断一下他们都有哪些共同的成分（主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、补足语、定语）1.He lives in Beijing.2. He is writing a novel now3.A taxi wasnt at all necessary.4. I have written me two letters so far. 5. I found him lying on the grass.归纳总结：一个句子里有一个主语和一个谓语。狭义上讲：一个句子只有一个主语和一个谓语动词。那么出现第二个动词该怎么办呢？（二）非谓语动词的基本用法翻译： 1、他躺在那里。 He lay there. 2、他躺在那里望着天空。A.有连词。He lay there and looked into the sky. B.没有连词He lay there, looking into the sky. 两种翻译都对，为什么第一句用得是并列谓语而第二句是非谓语？因为第一句里面有连词；第二句没连词因此用非谓语。阅读下列句子，观察下列非谓语动词语逻辑主语的关系（主动还是被动）；与谓语动词时间的关系（之前、同时还是之后发生）He lay there, looking into the sky.Driven by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.The last one to arrive pays the meal.Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.She is said to have just completed a novel.总结：非谓语动词语逻辑主语的关系：表示主动用V-ing、表示被动用V-ed；与谓语动词时间的关系：同时发生v-ing的一般形式、发生在之前用：完成形式；发生在之后用不定式的一般形式。阅读下列句子辨析分词不定时的被动语态与过去分词的区别：The meeting being held now is very important.The meeting to be held next week is very important.The meeting held last week is very important.归纳总结：现在分词的被动语态表示动作正在进行、不定式表示将来发生而过去分词表示已经发生。（三）独立主格结构A、有连词1、并列句It rained. I stayed at home.It rained so /and I stayed at home.并列连词：and, or, but, so, for, when, while, neither nor, either or, not but,not only but also2、复合句Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.There are 50 students in our class. 30 of them are girls.There are 50 students in our class and 30 of them are girls.There are 50 students in our class, 30 of whom are girls.B、没连词It raining, I stayed at home.With the problems settled, the boss felt relaxed.With a lot of dishes to wash, I can not go with you.With a lot of dishes to be washed, the kitchen is out of order.（四）连词+分词 When walking along the street yesterday, I met Mr. Wang. I wont go there, unless invited.巩固提高：1. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. 2007 重庆卷A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. （04上海春季） A. seizing.,disappeared B. seized., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing3.（09湖南卷30） _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete4.（09浙江卷）10. _that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized5. (10北京卷21). at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked6. (10全国I 27). Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _from the library.A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing7.（10湖南卷26） Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D . to struggle8. (10江西卷32). There were many talented actors out there just waiting .A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discoveredD .being discovered9. (10全国I 34).With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_ presents for my dad.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought10. In order to make our city green, _. (02 上海春季) A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees参考答案：15 BDDCA 610 CCBBD其它应注意的问题 1.（全国I卷）26. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed2.（北京卷）32. I feel greatly honored _ into their society.A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed 3.(上海卷)33. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doingC. doneD. doing4. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting_.【06湖南-33】A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using5. He hurried to the booking office only_ that all the tickets had been sold out. 【06陕西-18】A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told6. AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. 【06湖北-33】 A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have beenSth/Sb is/was said(reported, believed) to do是固定句型，相当于Its said (reported, believed) that。根据over the past few years得知此处选择D. to have been。7. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. (01 上海) A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure8. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness_.【06江西-32】 A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made9. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _ with him. 【06上海-31】A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued10. In order to make our city green, _. (02 上海春季) A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees11. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ to my new job. (00 N) A. expectedB. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects12. There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. 2007 上海卷 A. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuaded D. to persuade13.Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _ here. 2007 江苏卷 A. people smokingB. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking14.All the staff in o