简明英语语法表.docVIP

简明英语语法表词性 词性定义例句Noun名词名词指人，地点或事物This young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.Adjective形容词形容词描述名词所指得人或物The young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.Verb动词动词表示一种状态或一个动作The young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.Adverb副词副词修饰动词，形容词和其他副词The young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.Conjunction连词连词连接句子的两个部分或短语The young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.Pronoun代词代词代替名词The young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.Preposition介词介词表示人，物，事件等与其他人，物，事件等之间的关系The young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.Interjection感叹词感叹词表达强烈感情和感受The young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.句子结构主语+动词一个句子可以由一个主语（名词或代词）和一个谓语（动词）构成。主语 动词Fernando arrived.Alex left.主语+动词+直接宾语一个句子可以由一个主语，一个动词和一个直接宾语构成。一个直接宾语回答“什么”的问题。（He had what? He had a letter. Julio wanted what? Julio wanted ice cream.）一些动词像have常常跟一个直接宾语. 主语 动词 直接宾语Veronique threw the ball.Evan liked Susan.He had a suitcase.主语+动词+间接宾语句子也可以有间接宾语。间接宾语回答“给谁”的问题。（He wrote to whom? He wrote to Junko. Junko gave the letter to whom? Junko gave Aoko the letter.）如果间接宾语出现在直接宾语之后，你一定要用“to”。如果间接宾语出现在动词之后，但在直接宾语之前，你不必加“to”。 主语动词直接宾语间接宾语He gavethe suitcaseto his brother.Hegavehis brotherthe suitcase.Hegavehimthe suitcase. 简单句，并列句和复合句简单句 一个主语一个动词复合主语复合动词复合直接宾语复合间接宾语Chen is busy.He and his friends go out on weekends.He goes t o school and also works.He likes music and movies.He gave presents to the boys and girls.简单句只有一个从句。（从句是由一个主语和一个动词组成的。）但是简单句可以有一个以上的主语，动词，直接宾语和间接宾语。这些被称作复和宾语，复合动词和复合宾语。并列句并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个从句。一些常见的并列连词由and, but,so和or. 从句1从句2Chen works hard at school,andhe gets good grades.He studies during the week,buthe has fun on weekends.He and his friends see a movie,orthey go to a concert.复合句 从句1从句2Chen feels tiredwhenhe gets home at night.He is tiredbecausehe worked hard.He wishesthathe could go to a movie.复杂句是由从属连词连接的两个或多个从句。一些常见的从属连词有：when, because和that。名词和冠词普通名词和专有名词 人地点事物childlibrarytelevisionpolice officercitybaseball普通名词是用来特指任何人，地点和事物。 人地点事物Tiger WoodsBrazilMicrosoft CorporationShakiraTorontoAcademy AwardsAlbert EinsteinYankee StadiumPhiladelphia Orchestra专有名词是用来特指特殊人，地点和事物。专有名词首字母要大写。可数名词和不可数名词你可以数出的事物：four apples, two trees, three houses这些就是可数名词。你不能数出的事物：some water, lots of grass, a handful of flour。这些就是不可数名词。可数名词可以是单数（只有一个）或复数（多余一个）。 I ate an apple. She ate two apples.不可数名词只有单数形式。Some, a little, lots 可以用来和修饰不可数名词，表示数量。冠词a ,an 不用于不可数名词 正确不正确some moneya moneylots of mailone maila little advicean advice冠词a和an是不定冠词，意思是一个。当名词不确定时，a 和 an 和可数名词连用。 a放置于辅音单词之前, an放置于单词之前。 I ate an apple and a banana. (可以是任何苹果和香蕉。)the是定冠词，它用于修饰特指的可数或不可数名词。听者从而知道说者所说的哪一个人，地点或事件。 I ate an apple. Then I ate a banana. The apple was better. (我们知道说者说的是他刚吃的苹果) I bought some water and some soda. The water was cold. （我们知道说者说的是他刚买的水。）名词复数的构成许多名词是通过末尾加s构成复数 单数复数computercomputerstreetreesCanadianCanadians一些名词加s变复数时拼写会有变化。 规则单数复数以s, sh, x结尾的单词，后接es构成复数时。brushboxbrushesboxes以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，把y 变成i 加espartybabypartiesbabies一些以f或fe 结尾的单词，把f 变成v 加s 或es 。（例外：belief-beliefs; chief-chiefs; roof-roofs）leafwifeleaveswives 单数复数manwomanchildfoottoothmousefishdeermenwomenchildrenfeetteethmicefishdeer一些名词有特殊的复数形式。代词代词用来代替名词Robert bought a present for his niece.He gave it to her. 单数复数单数例句复数例句第一人称IweI am late.We were all late.第二人称youyouYou have enough time.You all have enough time.第三人称he, he, ittheyHe was late, too.They were late, too.人称代词 单数复数单数例句复数例句第一人称meusShe visits me.She visits all of us.第二人称youyouShe doesnt visit you.She doesnt visit any of you.第三人称him, her, it themI visit her.I visit them.物主代词名词性物主代词 单数复数单数例句复数例句第一人称mineoursThat bag is mine.Those bags are ours.第二人称yours yoursIts not yours.Girls, these bags are yours.第三人称his, hers, itstheirsIts his.The bags over there are theirs.反身代词 单数复数单数例句复数例句第一人称myselfourselvesI cut myself.We climbed that mountain ourselves.第二人称yourselfyourselvesDid you hurt yourself?Did all of you do the work yourselves?第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselvesIt turned itself off.All the players put their bats away themselves.比较级和最高级的构成形容词比较级 形容词比较级单音节形容词加-ertallnicetallernicer以-y结尾的形容词，把-y 变-i 加erprettyfunnyprettierfunnier两个音节或以上的形容词，前加morebeautifulinterestingmore beautifulmore interesting用于比较两种事物的形容词有着特殊的构成形式。有时我们在形容词后加er ，有时我们在形容词前加more 。这些构成被称做形容词的比较级。 形容词最高级 形容词最高级单音节的形容词加-esttallnicethe tallestthe nicest以-y 结尾的形容词变-y 为-i 加estprettyfunnythe prettiestthe funniest两个音节或以上的形容词前加mostbeautifulinterestingthe most beautifulthe most interesting用于比较三者或更多的事物的形容词有着特殊的构成形式。有时我们在形容词后加est ，有时我们在形容词前加most。这些构成被称做形容词的最高级。 不规则的比较级与最高级形式 形容词比较级最高级goodbetterthe bestbadworsethe worstfarfartherthe farthest动词的主要时态除了be 动词之外，其他所有动词都有三种时态。 例句句法现在时play一般现在时：I play. 第三人称加s: He, she, it plays.不定式：to play现在进行时加ing: playing动名词加ing: playing过去时played一般过去时：We played.过去完成时played现在完成时：They have played.过去完成时：They had played.情态动词完成时：I could have played.被动语态：It is played.规则动词 RULEEXAMPLE以 -e结尾的动词，结尾加-dhope-hoped以一个元因字母加一个辅音字母结尾的动词，双写辅音字母，再加edwrap-wrapped以一个辅音字母加-y 结尾的动词，去-y 变-i加-ed carry-carried多数动词后面加ed构成过去式或过去完成时。少数动词有特殊的过去式和完成式形式。不规则动词 to be一些重要的动词不遵循标准规则。最重要的就是be 动词。be 动词所有时态部分都是不规则的 IYouHe,She, ItWeYouThey现在时amareisareareare过去时waswerewaswerewerewe